江苏省南通市2022-2023学年八年级下学期英语期末试卷（含答案）

江苏省南通市2022-2023学年八年级下学期英语期末试卷阅卷人一、单项选择得分1．Weworktogethertoachieveourcommonpurpose:tobuild____worldthatissafer,cleanerandhealthierthan____onewearelivingin.A．a;the B．the;the C．the;/ D．a;/2．—Manykidsaremadetolearninadvancebytheirparents.—It's"Pullingseedlingstohelpthemgrow"andgoes____therulesofchilddevelopment.A．as B．against C．with D．over3．—HaveyoudecidedwhethertotakethefamilytriptoXinghuaCauliflower?—No.Itdependsonthe____we'llcometoattonight'sfamilymeeting.A．conclusion B．conversation C．communication D．competition4．StartofSummeristhefirstsolartermofsummer.Peopleholdtraditionalactivitiessuchaseggcompetitionsandcheckingweightto____theirwishesforgoodhealthandahappylife.A．explain B．express C．expect D．excuse5．—Bobalwaysspendshissparetimesurfingthewebsite"AroundtheWorldinEightHours".—It'shisdreamto____atourismcompanytoshowpeopleplacesofinterestaftergraduation.A．giveup B．pickup C．makeup D．setup6．—It'simpolite____thewomantodroplitteratthemuseum.—Shereallyshouldlearn____inpublicsothatshecansetagoodexampletoherchildren.A．of;whattobehave B．for;howtobehaveC．of;howtobehave D．for;whattouse7．—MustIbringmystudentcardtorenewthesetwobooks?—No,you____,butyou____bringyourlibrarycard.A．mustn't;can B．can't;mustC．don'thaveto;need D．needn't;must8．—ShenzhouXVIwassuccessfullysetoutonMay30.____willtheastronautsreturn?—____theirtaskisfinishedinfivemonths.A．Howlong;Until B．When;NotuntilC．Howlong;Notuntil D．Howsoon;Until9．Theideaoftheinformationbelowareorganizedinthewayof____.TipsforMakingaFruitSaladFirst,chooseyourfavouritefruit.Then,washthefruit.Afterthat,cutsomeofthebiggerfruitintosmallpieces.Finally,mixthemtogetherandaddsomecreamifyoulike.A．timeorder B．generaltospecificC．specifictogeneral D．spaceorder10．—Ilostmywalletyesterday.Tomakethingsworse,myIDcardanddrivinglicensewereinit.—____.WeshouldlearntheimportanceofpreventingriskswithaPlanB.A．Everydoghasitsday B．ItneverrainsbutpoursC．Don'tputallyoureggsinonebasket D．Don'tburnthecandleatbothends阅卷人二、完形填空得分请认真阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。MyfriendRichardwentfartowork,soheaskedmetotakecareofthecourtyardinthemountains.Heworkedhardandoftenkeptthecourtyard11．withoutanyweed.ButIwassolazy,just12．sweptthefallenleaves,thatIneverpluck（拔）grass,allowingittogrowrapidly.Intheearly13．,inMarch,theysproutedseveralclustersofbuds（长出几簇嫩芽）,whoseleavesweregreenandsoft.Amonthlater,whentheleaves14．richly,Idiscoveredtheywerelikewildorchidsinthewoods.Asthesummercameandpassed,thegrassreally15．.Theyshapedlikethoseforestorchids,16．theywereyellow,unlikethoseforestorchids,whoseflowerswerepurpleorbrownred.Ipickedoneflower,thenwenttofindafriendwhostudied17．.Onseeingit,myfriendimmediatelyaskedme18．Ipickedit."Yougetrich!"He19．explained."Thisisastrainofrareorchidwhichishardtofind.Nowthisorchidisworthatleast10,000dollarseach."ItoldthegoodnewstoRichard.Hewas20．.Afterawhile,hesaidgently,theorchidbrokethroughtheeartheveryyearandthoughtitwas21．weed,soheoftenuprooteditwhenitjustsprouted.Hecouldn'tstopsighing（叹气）,"Ihave22．killedakindofrareflower;ifIcouldwaitforittoflowerwith23．,itwouldhavebeendiscoveredafewyearsbefore."Yes,whowillnever24．somerareorchidsintheirownlives?Wealwayspluckthosewildweedsthathaven'tyetbloomedintimeanddon'tgivethemthetimetoflowerandbearfruittoprovetheirvalue.Giveeachgrassthetimetoflowerandgiveeverybodya25．toprovehisvalue.Don'tblindlypulloutabladeofgrassornegate（否定）apersoncurtlyandhowmany"rareorchids"wewillgetinourlives!11．A．natural B．clean C．fresh D．bright12．A．sometimes B．often C．never D．always13．A．spring B．summer C．autumn D．winter14．A．fell B．rose C．covered D．spread15．A．grew B．happened C．flowered D．returned16．A．so B．and C．but D．or17．A．colors B．mountains C．seasons D．plants18．A．how B．where C．why D．when19．A．proudly B．successfully C．carefully D．excitedly20．A．worried B．surprised C．scared D．relaxed21．A．usual B．special C．popular D．rare22．A．hardly B．simply C．surely D．nearly23．A．happiness B．courage C．patience D．confidence24．A．miss B．find C．treasure D．keep25．A．view B．dream C．question D．chance阅卷人三、阅读单选得分阅读单选Howcanyoudocalculations(计算)quickly?Thesedays,youcaneasilyuseacalculator.Buthowaboutpeopleinancienttimes?Intheverybeginning,thecleverestamongthemthoughtofusingstonesandseashells.Then,aroundthe2ndcenturyB.C.,theyinventedtheabacus.Someresearchersconsidertheinventiontobetheworld'soldest"calculator".InChina,peopleusedabacusestodocalculationsforthousandsofyears.Theabacusisusuallymadeofwood.Ithasmanybeads(珠子).Eachrod(竿)standsforadifferentdigit(数位).Therightmostisones,thesecondistens,thethirdishundreds,andsoon.Eachbeadinthecentralareahasavalue.Inthepast,theuseoftheabacuswastaughtinallschools.Itwasconsideredtobeanimportantskillthateverybodyneededtopickup.Wherevertherewasaneedforcalculations,anabacuswouldcomeintosight.Today,abacusesarenolongerwidelyused.Perhapsyouhaveneverseenone.However,wecanstillfeeltheimportantrolestheyonceplayed.Abacuseshavebecomeasymbol.Becausetheyusedtobeamust-haveforbusinesspeople,somehavecometobelievethatabacusescanhelptheirownersgatherwealth.26．Accordingtothepassage,whataretheworld'searliest"calculators"?A．Stones. B．Seashells. C．Abacuses. D．Beads.27．Whichnumberdoesthepictureinthepassagestandfor?A．3781. B．1873. C．1433. D．5423.28．Bywritingthispassage,theauthormainlywantedto____.A．introducetheabacustopeople B．teachpeoplehowtousetheabacusC．trytomaketheabacuspopularagain D．explorewhytheabacusisnolongerpopular阅读单选I'mBlackBeauty,amalehorse.BeforeIwastakentoMrGordon,mymotherDuchessspoketome,"Allyounghorseshavetoleavemothers.Whateverhappens,trytobegentleandstayawayfrombadbehaviours."ThenIcametoMrGordon'shouse.Inthestable(马厩)nexttominewasalittlefatgreyhorse.Iputmyheadupandsaid,"Nicetomeetyou!What'syourname?"Heseemedunhappy."I'mMerrylegs.Youaremynewneighbor?"Isaidyes."Well,"hereplied,"Ihopeyouarewell-behaved.Idon'tlikeanyonewhobitespeople."Thenhewenton,"MrGordonshouldbethebestowner!"Atallbrownfemalehorseshoutedathim,"Nooneknowshowlongagoodhomewilllast!"Merrylegsloweredhisvoiceandwhispered,"She'sGingerwithabadhabitofbitingpeople."Theangryvoicecameagain,"Youdon'tknowanything!____,youwouldbitetoo.""PoorGinger!Whatmadehersounhappy?"Ithoughttomyself.ThenextdaywhenIworkedwithGinger,shetoldthewholestory."IwastakenawayearlyfromMotherandtherewasnokindmastertolookafterme.Mytrainingstartedwithseveralmenforcingmeagainstawall.Oneheldmynoseandanotherpulledmymouthopentoputabit(马嚼子)in.Theynevergavemeachancetounderstandwhattheywanted.""Howcouldthatbe?"Isaid."Afterthetraining,IwassoldtoamaninLondon,whodrovemewithabearingrein(缰绳).Itisakindofreinthatpullsyourneckallthewayback.Imagineyourneckonfirewithpain?""Horrible!"Icried."Afterthat,agentlemanfoundmeandhethoughtthatitwaswrongforafinehorsetogobadlikethat.SoIwasbroughthere,notlongbeforeyoucame.Weareluckyhere,"Gingersaid.Ifeltsorryaboutherpainfulexperienceswhichshowedexactlywhyshebitpeople."Shewasrudetopeoplebutshecouldn'tbethatwayalways.WhatcanIdoforher?"Icouldn'tstopthinkingaboutit.—AdaptedfromBlackBeauty29．Accordingtothestory,Ginger____hertraining.A．doubted B．enjoyed C．hated D．worriedabout30．Whichcanbeputin"____"inthestory?A．Ifyouhadnofoodtoeat. B．Ifyouwereafemalehorse.C．Ifyouwentthroughmylife. D．IfyouhadamasterlikeMrGordon.31．Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtothepassage?A．BlackBeautythoughtMrGordonwasthebestmasterhehadevermet.B．Merrylegshadabadhabitofbitingpeoplebecausehewastrainedrudely.C．GingerwasalittlefatgreyhorsethatlivedinthestablenexttoBlackBeauty's.D．BlackBeautyknewwhyGingerbitandhadpityonheraftershetoldherexperiences.32．Whatmightthewriterwriteaboutafterthispartofthestory?A．HowGingermetBlackBeauty. B．HowBlackBeautyhelpedGinger.C．WhereBlackBeautywouldgonext. D．WhenGingerwouldleavethishome.阅读单选Didyouknowthatvocabulary(词汇)ismoreimportantthangrammar?Ifyouhavegoodvocabulary,youcancommunicatesuccessfully,evenifthegrammarisnotcompletelyperfect.However,onecommonproblemislearningnewwordsandthenforgettingthem.Sowhenyouwanttouseanewwordinaconversation,youcan'trememberitatthatmoment.Doesthisoftenhappentoyou?Thereasonforthisdifficultyisthatmoststudentstrytolearnvocabularybystudyinglistsanddictionariesandrememberingthewords.Butitmaynotworkifyoudon'thaveaverygoodmemory.Thebestwaytolearnvocabularyandrememberthewordssuccessfullyistolearnnewwordsandusethematonce.Youcandothiswithaverysimpleexercise.Everytimeyoulearnanewword,forexample,fromanEnglishlessonoranarticle,writeitdowninyourvocabularynotebook.Writingismoreactivethanjustreadingadefinition(释义).Youshouldwritetheword,thedefinitioninEnglishortranslation,oneexamplesentencefromthearticleordictionaryandoneexamplesentencethatyoucreate.Imagineyoujustlearntheword"generous",writeinyourvocabularynotebook:generous(adjective),definition—givingorwillingtogivefreely.Exampleone,fromthearticle:Thanksforpayingformydinner,you'reverygenerous.Exampletwo,myexample:Mybrotherisgenerousbecausehevolunteersattheanimalshelter(收容所)onweekends.It'sbestifyourexamplesentencesaretruetoyourlife,becausethiscreatesapersonalconnectionwiththenewword.Thenextday,readyourvocabularynotebookagainandtrytoaddonemoreexamplesentenceusingthenewword.It'shelpfulforyoutorememberit.Thesetwosimplesteps—writingthewordandusingitatonce—helpyourememberandusenewwords.Doyouhaveavocabularynotebook?Ifnot,startnow.33．Whatdoestheunderlinedword"it"inparagraph2referto?A．Theproblem. B．Thenewword.C．Theconversation. D．Thedictionary.34．What'sthecorrectorderofthefollowingstepsoftakingvocabularynotes?①Makeyourownexamplesentence.②Writetheword,itsEnglishdefinitionortranslation.③Copyanexamplesentencefromthearticleordictionary.④Readyournotebookagainandaddonemoreexamplesentence.A．②③①④ B．②③④① C．③④②① D．③②①④35．Howcanwemakethebestexamplesentencesaccordingtothewriter?A．Byaskingforhelpfromfriends. B．Byexplainingwords'definitions.C．Byconnectingthemwithourlife. D．Byaddingwordsfromthearticle.36．What'sthebesttitleforthepassage?A．TipsforTranslatingWords B．AdviceonUsingGrammarC．AbilitiesofCreatingExamples D．WaysofLearningNewWords阅读单选Haveyoueverwatchedashowaboutthewild?Ashark(鲨鱼)eatsaseal!Lionsrundownagazelle!Isallnaturelikethat?Allabouteatingandblood?OristhatjustwhatkeepsoureyesgluedtotheTVscreen?Let'slookatsoniclivingthingswhoworkwitheachotherinsteadofrippingeachotherapart.Whenalionkillsagazelle,itwantstoeatasmuchasitcanandmaybesharetherestwithitsfamily.Therearesomelivingthingsthatwilltakesmallpiecesofanotherlivingthing'sbody.Parasitismiswhenonelivingthinggetsitsenergyfromanotherlivingthing,doesnotgiveanythingback,andhurtsthethingit'stakingthingsfrom.Nowlet'sgetalittlenicer.Sometimesalivingthingwillliveoffthebodyofanotherlivingthingwithouthurtingit.Theydonotstealanything.Theydonotbite.Commensalismiswhentwolivingthingslivetogetherandonegetsgoodthingsoutofitwhiletheotherisnothurtbyit.Haveyouseenapictureofawhale(鲸)withrockywhitethingsstucktoitsskin?Thosearebarnacles(藤壶).Theyattachthemselvestothewhale,sonothingwilltrytoeatthemandtheycaneatthingsthatfloatby.Nowlet'sgetreallynice.Whilesharksarebitingandlionsarefighting,arethereanyanimalsthatjustgetalong?Yes!Actually,therearemany.Mutualismiswhentwolivingthingsworktogetherandbothgetgoodthingsoutofit.Beesandflowersarethemostcommonexample.Withoutflowers,beescouldnotmakehoney.Withoutbees,flowerscouldnotmakenewseeds.It'swin-winforthesetwo.Therearelotsofanimalsthatgetalong.Birdswillliveonthebacksofzebrasandeattheticksthataredrinkingthezebra'sblood.Thebirdgetsfood.Thezebragetsitstickstakenaway.Insomeofthesecases,oneanimalcouldnotlivewithouttheother.Weusetheword"Symbiotic(共生的)"forallofthesekindsofrelationships.Sometimesit'sgoodforoneandbadfortheother.Sometimesit'sjustgoodforone.Sometimesit'sevengoodforboth.So,itisnicetoknowthattherearesomelivingthingsouttherethatarefindingwaystolivetogether.WecouldpayattentiontotheanimalsthatdonotalwaysmakeitonTV.37．ThewritermentionedaTVshowaboutthewildinParagraph1to____.A．tellastory B．solveamysteryC．Introduceasubject D．discussaprogramme38．Whichofthefollowingbestdescribestherelationshipbetweenbeesandflowers?A．Neighbours. B．Friends. C．Strangers. D．Partners.39．Howdoesthewriterdevelopthepassage?A．Byshowingpictures. B．Bygivingexamples.C．Bypresentingreasons. D．Bydrawingconclusions.40．Whatcanweinferfromthepassage?A．Theworldoflivingthingsremainstobeexplored.B．Moreactionsshouldbetakentoprotectlivingthings.C．TVprogrammesaboutlivingthingsrequiretobeimproved.D．Moremoneywillbespentondocumentariesaboutlivingthings.阅卷人四、根据汉语提示填空得分41．—Wecanalwaysfindsomethinggoodinabad(情况)ifwelookforit.—It'ssotrue.Weshouldalwaysmakefulluseofwhatcomes.42．IntheEasternHanDynasty,（贸易）betweenEuropeandAsiaalongtheSilkRoadbegananditbuiltabridgebetweenChinaandWesterncountries.阅卷人五、根据英文解释填空得分43．Milliehasmadeuphermindtoworkfor(twoormorecountriestakingpart)charitiessuchasUNICEFandORBIStohelpmaketheworldabetterplaceforeveryone.44．Thankstotheoldcouplewho（haveenoughmoneytopayfor）herbasiceducation,MandeepenteredUniversityofCopenhagen.阅卷人六、根据句意填空得分45．BeijingOperaisatraditionalChineseartformwhichhasbeenfamousbothathomeand.阅卷人七、多句选词填空得分请根据句意从方框中选择合适的单词，并用其适当形式填空，使句子通顺。knowmeanfivecarediscuss46．Afterseveralwithherfamily,MrGreydecidedtodonatehisbodyformedicalresearchafterhisdeath.47．Jimrealizedthepowerofandtechnologyaftertakingpartinthisactivity.48．—Whowouldyouliketorecommendforthisyear'sYoungStarAward?—LiHai.Theboywhotriedhisbestandfinishedencouragesmenottogiveup.49．ManycollegestudentsfindittovolunteerforeventsliketheSpecialOlympics.50．—Acarcrashedintoapinetreebytheroadsidetheotherday.Luckily,nobodygothurt.—Sorrytohearthat.Iguessthedriverwasdriving.请根据句意从方框中选择合适的动词，并用其适当时态填空，使句子通顺。expectridetranslateexplainsupport51．Istilldon'trememberhowtobookhotelsonlinethoughTomittomecarefully.52．—IsWilliamgoingsailingwithusthisafternoon?—HeareportintoFrenchthewholemorning,butI'mnotsureifhe'sfinished.53．Thee-bikeDadboughtformeonmybirthdaywell.Ilikeitverymuch.54．—WhoOxfamthiscomingsummerholiday?—Bobis.HeandthetwinswilltakepartinacharitywalkandI'llgivespeeches.55．—Youlookquiteworried,Jenny.What'sup?—IwentforajobinterviewyesterdayandItheresult.阅卷人八、短文首字母填空得分请认真阅读下面短文，并根据各题所给首字母的提示，写出一个合适的英语单词完整、正确的形式，使短文通顺。Pollutionisoneoftheb56．problemsintheworldtoday.Inmanyplaces,rubbishisthrownintolakesandrivers,somanyofthemarepolluted.Insomecities,theairisfilledwithpollution.Aswellaspeople,animalsarealsoharmedbypollution.Weneedtotakeactiontoprotectthee57．.Switzerlandisbeautifulwithhighmountainsandcleanbluelakes.InSwitzerland,thingslikeglass,plasticandpaperares58．intodifferentgroupsandthenrecycled.Evenoldclothesandshoescanberecycled.Thegovernmenthasmanylawstoprotectourearth.Forexample,peoplearenota59．tocutdowntrees.Otherwise,theywillbepunished.Rememberthateveryonecandosomethingtomakead60．.请认真阅读下面短文，并根据各题所给首字母的提示，写出一个合适的英语单词完整、正确的形式，使短文通顺。RedPacketsinChineseCultureGivingHongbao（redpackets）isatraditioninChina.TraditionalredpacketsareoftendecoratedwithgoldChinesecharacters（汉字）,suchashappinessandwealth.HowredpacketsareusedDuringChineseNewYear,moneyisputinsideredpacketswhicharethenh61．outtoyoungergenerationsbytheirparents,grandparents,relatives,andevencloseneighboursandfriends.Thec62．RedrepresentsluckandgoodfortuneinChineseculture.ThatiswhyredpacketsareusedduringChineseNewYearandothercelebrations.HowtogiveandreceiveGivingandreceivingredpacketsisas63．act.Therefore,redpacketsarealwayspresentedandreceivedwithbothhands.SomeonewhoreceivesaredpacketatChineseNewYearoronhisorherbirthdayshouldnotopenitinfrontofthegiver.H64．,thingsaredifferentataChinesewedding（婚礼）,wheretheguestsusuallygivetheredpacketstotheattendantsandsigntheirnamesonalargescroll（longpieceofpaper）.Theattendantswillopenthepackets,andr65．itonaregister（登记簿）atoncenexttotheguests'names.Theamount（数量）Theamountofmoneyisrelativetoyourrelationship（关系）tothepersonwhoreceivesit—thec66．yourrelationshipis,themoremoneyisexpected.Anyway,itisnottheamountofthemoneythatmatters,butthecareandloveyouholdforothers.WhatnottogiftCertainamountsofmoneyshouldbea67．.Anythingwithafourisnotgoodbecausefoursoundss68．todeathinChinese.Evennumbers（偶数）arebetterthanoddnumberse69．four,asgoodthingsarebelievedtocomeinpairs.Forexample,gifting￥20isbetterthan￥21.Besides,moneyinsidearedpacketshouldalwaysbenew.Hongbaoisasymbolofgoodl70．aswellasasignoflovefromothers.ItisaChinesetraditionalculturewhichwillbepassedonforever.阅卷人九、阅读回答问题得分阅读与回答问题请认真阅读下面短文，并根据短文内容回答问题。ChinahassuccessfullygrownriceatTiangongspacestationSincehumanssentthefirstsatellite（卫星）tospaceinthe1950s,scientistshavebeenstudyinganimportanttopic:howtogrowfoodinspaceifhumanswillonedaylivethere.Arecentexperiment（实验）attheTiangongspacestationmakesabigstepforward.Chineseastronautshavesuccessfullygrownriceseedlings（幼苗）duringtheShenzhouXIVmission."Thericeseedlingsaregrowingverywell,"saidZhengHuiqiong,theseedlingsofthetallshootricevarietyhavereachedaheightof30centimeters.Theseedlingsofthedwarfricevariety（矮秆水稻品种）havegrownto5centimeters.Whiletherehavebeenotherriceexperimentsinspace,thisoneisthefirstofitskindtoproducethecompletelifecycleofaplant—itbeginswithaseedandendswithamature（成熟的）plantproducingnewseeds.Suchfood-growingexperimentsarenotjustforastronauts.TheycanalsosolvefoodproblemsonEarth.Bysendingseedstospace,wecancreatemutated（突变的）seeds,thankstomicrogravity（微重力）,lackofairandcosmicrays（宇宙射线）.Theseedscanthenproducehigheryields（产量）onearth.Formorethan30years,Chinahasdevelopedover260newtypesofseedsinspace.Theyareplantedeveryyearinfieldsthatcovertensofmillionsofhectares（公顷）.AccordingtoYaoTong,anengineerfromHainanAerospaceEngineeringBreedingResearchCenter,30percentofstrawberriessoldinBeijingare"spacestrawberries",and"spacebananas"withagrowthcycleshortenedfrom13monthsto9months.71．Whenwasthefirstsatellitesenttospace?72．WhatexperimenthavetheChineseastronautssuccessfullydoneatTiangongSpaceStation?73．Whatcausestheseedstomutate?74．HowmanynewkindsofseedshasChinadevelopedinspace?75．Whydopeoplesupportspacefood-growingexperiments?（请自拟一句话作答）阅卷人十、汉译英：整句得分76．自从我们结婚就住在小镇北部。（since…）77．你弟弟去过成都出差几次?（howmanytimes…）78．当地的医护人员受邀到飞机上来学习眼科手术。(beinvited…)79．你介意给我展示一下如何开始网上旅行吗？(howto…)80．对李海来说，最重要的事情不是获得金牌或银牌，而是参与。（not…but…）阅卷人十一、话题作文得分81．谚语是智慧的结晶，文化的象征。本学期我们学了许多谚语，请从中选择你最喜欢的一句，围绕以下三方面谈谈你的个人理解、成长经历与感悟：①What'sthemeaningofit?②What'syourownexperienceorstoryaboutit?③What'syourfutureplanafterlearningit?注意：（1）短文中应包含所要求的信息，可以适当发挥。（2）词数90词左右,开头已经写好，不计入总词数。（3）短文中请勿提及真实校名及姓名。MyFavouriteProverbProverbsarevaluabletreasureofwisdomandthesymbolofculture.

答案解析部分1．【答案】A【解析】【分析】句意：我们共同努力实现我们的共同目标：建立一个比我们现在生活的世界更安全、更清洁和更健康的世界。a，一个，不定冠词，表泛指，用在以辅音音素开头的单词前；the这个/这些，定冠词，表特指；/，零冠词。分析句子可知，第一空泛指一个更安全、更清洁和更健康的世界，且world是以辅音音素开头的单词，用不定冠词a；第二个空使用定冠词the表特指，特指我们现在生活的世界。故答案为A。

【点评】考查不定冠词和定冠词。识记不定冠词表示泛指，定冠词表示特指的用法。2．【答案】B【解析】【分析】句意：——许多孩子被父母强迫提前学习。——这是"拔苗助长"，违背了儿童发展的规则。as作为；against反对；with和……一起；有；over超过。根据Pullingseedlingstohelpthemgrow(拔苗助长)可知拔苗助长是一个贬义成语，goagainst表示"违背"儿童的发展规律，符合题意。故答案为B。

【点评】考查介词辨析。理解句意选项的意义，识记固定搭配和against的用法。3．【答案】A【解析】【分析】句意：——你们决定全家去兴化菜花节旅游了吗？——没有。这取决于我们在今晚的家庭会议上得出的结论。conclusion结论；conversation谈话；communication交流；competition比赛。根据HaveyoudecidedwhethertotakethefamilytriptoXinghuaCauliflower?可知是否去兴化菜花节取决于家庭会议的结论。故答案为A。

【点评】考查名词辨析。理解句意和每个名词的意义，找到符合句意的词语。4．【答案】B【解析】【分析】句意：立夏是夏季的第一个节气。人们举行鸡蛋比赛、检查体重等传统活动，表达对身体健康、幸福生活的祝愿。explain解释；express表达；expect期待；excuse借口。在这个句子中，人们通过举办传统活动来表达对健康和幸福生活的祝愿。express符合句意，expresstheirwishes表达他们的祝愿。故答案为B。

【点评】考查动词辨析。理解句意并识记动词express的意义和用法。5．【答案】D【解析】【分析】句意：——鲍勃总是利用业余时间浏览"八小时环游世界"网站。——毕业成立一个旅游公司向人们展示名胜古迹是他的梦想。giveup放弃；pickup拾起，捡起；makeup组成，构成；setup建立，创立。根据atourismcompanytoshowpeopleplacesofinterest可知是毕业后建立一个旅游公司是他的梦想。故答案为D。

【点评】考查动词短语辨析。理解对话意思和每个短语的意义，找到符合句意和语境的短语。6．【答案】C【解析】【分析】句意：——这个女人在博物馆乱扔垃圾是不礼貌的。——她真的应该学会如何在公共场合表现得体,这样她才能给孩子们树立一个好榜样。Itis+形容词+of/forsbtodosth对某人来说做某事forsb与表示事物的特征特点的形容词连用。ofsb与表示人物的性格，品德，主观感情或态度的形容词连用。这里形容词impolite，不礼貌的，形容人的品德，所以第一个空用of。排除B和D选项。第二个空，根据Shereallyshouldlearn可知，应该是"如何表现得体"，用howtobehave。排除A选项。故答案为C。

【点评】考查介词辨析和疑问词辨析。积累一些固定句型，注意疑问词what和how之间的区别，结合语境选择合适的答案。7．【答案】D【解析】【分析】句意：我必须带学生证来续借这两本书吗?--不，你不必，但你要带你的借书证。mustn't表示严禁；can能；can't不能；must必须；don'thaveto不必；need需要；needn't不必。must(必须)构成的疑问句的否定回答可以用needn't或don'thaveto。所以根据第一个空，排除A和B。根据句中but的用法可知第二个空格表示"必须"带借书证，用must。故答案为D。

【点评】考查情态动词。识记must提出的问句的回答和情态动词的不同用法。8．【答案】B【解析】【分析】句意：——神舟十六号于5月30号成功发射。宇航员多久会返回？——直到他们的任务在5个月内完成后。howlong多长时间，表示的时间为一段时间，和持续性动作连用；when何时，问时间点；howsoon多快，多久以后，问的是将来的时间点，与短暂性动作连用。第一空问后面的动词是return(返回)是短暂性的动作，可知用when或者howsoon都可以。"Notuntil"表示直到某个时间点或某个条件成立，某件事情才会发生。它的基本结构是：Notuntil+时间点/条件+句子"until"表示某个时间点或某个条件成立之前，某件事情一直在进行。它的基本结构是：until+时间点/条件+句子

第二空，这里表示宇航员们将在五个月后返回，这是一个时间点，所以使用"Notuntil"表示直到五个月后，宇航员们才会返回。故答案为B。

【点评】考查疑问词辨析和连词。理解对话并掌握不同疑问词的意义和until的用法。9．【答案】A【解析】【分析】句意：以下信息的思路是按以下______方式组织的。

水果沙拉的制作技巧：首先，选择你最喜欢的水果。然后，把水果洗干净。之后，把水果切成小块。最后，把它们混合在一起，如果你喜欢的话，可以加一些奶油。

timeorder时间顺序；generaltospecific一般到具体；specifictogeneral具体到一般；spaceorder空间顺序。仔细阅读方框中的内容，根据First(首先)Then(然后)Afterthat(之后)和Finally(最后)可知，这段话是按照时间顺序描述的。故答案为A。

【点评】考查句子理解。仔细阅读方框中的信息，结合题干及选项选择正确答案。10．【答案】C【解析】【分析】句意：——我昨天丢了钱包。更糟糕的是，我的身份证和驾照都在里面。——不要把一切希望寄托在一件事上。我们应该了解用B计划避免风险的重要性。Everydoghasitsday凡人皆有得意日；Itneverrainsbutpours祸不单行；Don'tputallyoureggsinonebasket不要把一切希望寄托在一件事上；Don'tburnthecandleatbothends勿过分消耗精力。根据上文Ilostmywalletyesterday.Tomakethingsworse,myIDcardanddrivinglicensewereinit."可知身份证和驾驶证在钱包里，都一起丢了，所以此处应是说不要把一切希望寄托在一件事上，C选项符合语境。故答案为C。

【点评】考查情景交际和谚语。理解语境并识记常用的谚语的意义和用法。【答案】11．B；12．A；13．A；14．D；15．C；16．C；17．D；18．B；19．D；20．B；21．A；22．D；23．C；24．A；25．D【解析】【分析】短文大意：本文主要讲述了一个人因懒惰而错过了一种稀有兰花的故事。告诉我们每个人和每一种草花一个机会来证明自己的价值，不要盲目否定他人。

【点评】考查人生百味类阅读。首先通读全文，了解文章大意，紧紧抓住上下文语境所提供的信息，然后明确词意，结合所学语法，运用排除法逐一选出答案，最后再通.读全文核对答案。11．句意：他干活很卖力，经常把院子打扫得干干净净，没有杂草。natural自然的；clean干净的；fresh新鲜的；bright明亮的；根据Heworkedhardandoftenkeptthecourtyard1withoutanyweed.可知，院子干净，没有杂草，符合语境。故答案为B。12．句意：可是我太懒了，只是偶尔扫落叶，从来不拔草，任它快快长。sometimes有时候；often经常；never从来不；always总是；根据ButIwassolazy,just2sweptthefallenleaves,thatIneverpluckgrass,allowingittogrowrapidly.可知，我偶尔扫扫落叶，从来不拔草。故答案为A。13．句意：在初春的三月里，它们长出了几串嫩芽，叶子又绿又软。spring春天；summer夏天；autumn秋天；winter冬天；根据inMarch,theysproutedseveralclustersofbuds（长出几簇嫩芽）并结合常识可知，三月是春天，植物冒嫩芽。故答案为A。14．句意：一个月后，当它们的叶子茂盛地展开时，我发现它们就像树林里的野兰花。fell掉落；rose上升；covered覆盖；spread扩散；根据Amonthlater,whentheirleave...richly...可知，一个月后，叶子长得茂盛，spread符合句意。故答案为D。15．句意：经过一个夏天，草真的开了花。grew生长；happened发生；flowered开花；returned返回。根据下文Ipickedoneflower可知，草开了花。故答案为C。16．句意：它们的形状像那些森林兰花，但它们是蜡黄色的，不像那些森林兰花，森林兰花是紫色或棕红色的。so所以；and并且，和；but但是；or或者，不然。根据Theyshapedlikethoseforestorchids...theywerewaxyellow,unlikethoseforestorchids，whoseflowerswerepurpleorbrownred.可知是表示意义的转折。but，单数，符合句意。故答案为C。17．句意：我摘了一朵花，然后去找一个研究植物的朋友。colors颜色；mountains山；seasons季节；plants植物；根据Ipickedoneflower,thenwenttofindafriendwhostudied7可知，去找研究植物的朋友，符合语境。故答案为D。18．句意：一看到它，我的朋友立刻问我从哪里摘的。how如何，怎样；where哪里；why为什么；when什么时候；根据Onseeingit，myfriendimmediatelyaskedme8Ipickedit.可知，朋友问我在哪里摘的花，符合语境。故答案为B。19．句意："你发财了!"他兴奋地解释道。"这是一种稀有的兰花，很难找到。现在这株兰花每株至少值1万美元。"proudly骄傲地；successfully成功地；carefully仔细地；excitedly激动地，兴奋地；根据"Yougetrich!"和Thisisastrainofrareorchidwhichishardtofind.Nowthisorchidisworthatleast10，000dollarseach."可知，这种兰花很值钱，所以这个朋友很兴奋地解释。故答案为D。20．句意：他很惊讶。worried担心的；surprised惊讶的；scared害怕的；relaxed放松的；根据Afterawhile,hesaidgently,theorchidbrokethroughtheea