版权说明:本文档由用户提供并上传,收益归属内容提供方,若内容存在侵权,请进行举报或认领
文档简介
UE-friendly6GTechnologies
1
TableofContents
1.Introduction 2
2.UE-friendlyScenariosandRequirements 2
3.KeyUE-friendlyTechnologies 4
3.1Satellite-terrestrialintegrationandmulti-bandconvergencetosupportwide-area
ubiquitousconnectivityforUEs
4
3.1.1Satellite-terrestrialintegrationtosupportwide-areaconnectivityforUEs 4
3.1.2Multi-bandconvergencetosupportubiquitousconnectivityforUEs 11
3.2UEnativenetworkingtosupportflexibleconnectivityforUEs 20
3.3Integratedcommunication,sensingandcomputingtoextendUEservicesand
capabilities
2
1
3.3.1Capabilityofsensingservicesandusers 23
3.3.2CapabilityofsensingnetworkandUEs 24
3.3.3Capabilityofsensingcomputingpower 27
3.4Cellfreetechnologytosupport'0'perceivedmobilityexperienceofUEs 31
3.4.1Cellfreetechniques 32
3.4.2Uplinkassistedmobilityenhancement 35
3.5Backscatterandalmost-zeropowerreceivertosupport'0'powercommunicationof
UEs
3
6
3.5.1Backscattercommunicationtechnology 37
3.5.2Almost-zeropowerreceiver 45
3.5.3PA-lesstechniques 49
3.6Novelmultipleaccesstosupportgrant-freetransmissionanduplinkasynchronous
transmissionofUEs
5
1
3.6.1NOMA 52
3.6.2Uncoordinatedmultipleaccesstechnology 53
3.7CombinationofAIandcommunicationtoimproveuserexperience 56
3.7.1UE-friendlyAI-basedcommunicationtechnology 57
3.7.2UE-friendlyAItechnology 60
3.7.3ProspectsforwirelessAI-basedUEs 63
4.Summary 65
5.References 66
6.Abbreviations 68
7.Contributors 71
2
UE-friendly6GTechnologies
1.Introduction
Thefirst6GconferenceheldbytheUniversityofOuluin2019kickedofftheglobalresearchon6G.Fromthe6Gwhitepapersreleasedbyvariousorganizationssofar,thevastmajorityconsiderthatthe6Gvisionistoenabledigitaltwin[1]ordeepintegrationofthedigitalandphysicalworlds.TheEU'sHexa-Xprojectproposesavisiontoconnecthuman,physical,anddigitalworldswith6Gkeyenablersandrevolvearoundinteractionsbetweenthesethreeworlds[2].IMT-2030(6G)PromotionGrouppublishedWhitePaperon6GVisionandCandidateTechnologiesin2021,
proposes“intelligentconnectionofeverything,digitaltwin”society[3]as6Gvision.
Inthe6G-orientedphysical-digitalintegratedworld,UEswillplayanimportantrolebecausetheyarethenerveendingsthatbuildthedigitalworld,themediumthroughwhichthephysicalworldinteractswiththedigitalworld,andtheonesprovidingservicesofthephysicalanddigitalintegratedworld[4].ThecapabilityandperformanceofUEsaffectthedepthandbreadthoftheirreachinthephysicalworld,directlydeterminingthelevelandoperationalefficiencyofthedigitalworldand
affectingtheuserexperience.
ThiswhitepaperwillintroduceUE-friendly6Gkeytechnologiesfromthe
aspectsof6G-orientedUEapplicationscenariosandrequirements.
2.UE-friendlyScenariosandRequirements
Towardsyear2030andbeyond,itisexpectedthathundredsofbillionsofdeviceswillbeconnectedtomeetthediversifiedneedsofdifferentscenarios.Thesedevicesincludesensors(forenvironmentalmonitoring,industrialmanufacturing,bodyareanetwork,etc.),waterandpowermeters,smarthomedevices,wearabledevices(watches,XRglasses,etc.),mobilephones,etc.Facingnewscenariosand
enhancedcapabilitiesof6G,UEchallengessuchaspowerconsumption,complexity,
coverage,cost,andsizewillfurtheraggravate,andmayhavetofacenewchallengesneverseenbefore,becomingbottleneckstothedevelopmentof6G.Thesechallenges
are:
3
Contradictionbetweenthefuturedemandforwide-areaaccessandthe
limitedcoverageandperformanceofcurrentUEs
Challengesincludingcost,size,andpowerconsumptionofUEsfor
full-bandmulti-standardubiquitousaccess
Lackofflexibilityanduniversalityofcurrentnetworkingandaccess
LimitedsensingandcomputingcapabilitiesofcurrentUEs
UEservicediscontinuityandexperiencedegradationcausedbycell
reselectionorhandoverfailure
Contradictionbetweenrestrictionsofbatteryandpowersupplytechnologies
andthe'0'-powerconsumptionrequirementsofUEs
Contradictionbetweenmassivesmallpackettransmissionandhigh
schedulingoverhead
LimitedAIcapabilityofminiaturizedUEsandpossibilityoffurther
improvingtheUEperformancewithAItechnology
Theabove-mentionedchallengesleadtoUEsnotbeing“friendly”enoughtofunctioninthefutureworldofphysical-digitalconvergence;therefore,studiesonUE-friendly6GtechnologiesareurgentlyneededtoalleviateburdensonUEs,“leavingcomplextaskstonetworksandmakingoperationseasyforusers”.IntermsofUEs,the“UE-friendly”conceptistoimprovetheuserexperiencebyreducingthepowerconsumption,costs,andcomplexityofUEs,supportingtheUEdiversity,expandingaccessscenarios,increasingtheuplinkefficiency(e.g.,energyefficiencyandspectrumefficiency),andimprovingtheuserexperience,ortosacrificetheexperienceatonepointforabetterexperienceatmostpoints.Intermsofnetworks,the“UE-friendly”conceptistosimplifyrelevantprocessesandtechnicalcomplexity
ofUEsbyimprovingnetworkcapabilities.
ThespecificareasofUE-friendlytechnologiescoveredinthiswhitepaper
include:
Satellite-terrestrialintegrationandmulti-bandconvergencetosupport
wide-areaubiquitousconnectivityforUEs
UEnativenetworkingtosupportflexibleconnectivityforUEs
Integratedcommunication,sensingandcomputingtoextendUEservices
andcapabilities
Cellfreetechnologytosupport'0'perceivedmobilityexperienceofUEs
4
Backscatterandalmost-zeropowerreceivertosupport'0'power
communicationofUEs
Novelmultipleaccesstosupportgrant-freetransmissionanduplink
asynchronoustransmissionofUEs
CombinationofAIandcommunicationtoimproveuserexperience.
3.KeyUE-friendlyTechnologies
3.1Satellite-terrestrialintegrationandmulti-bandconvergenceto
supportwide-areaubiquitousconnectivityforUEs
3.1.1Satellite-terrestrialintegrationtosupportwide-areaconnectivityforUEs
Awide-areaaccesstechnologycanprovidewirelessaccessforUEsandusersinawideareaanytimeanywhere.Currently,theterrestrialcellularmobilecommunicationsystemcoversmorethan70%oftheglobalpopulation,butduetotechnicalandeconomicconstraints,itonlycovers20%ofthelandareaand6%oftheearth'ssurfacearea,whichisnotnearlyenoughforseamlesswide-areaaccess.Satellitecommunication,withaseriesofoutstandingadvantages,suchaswidecoverageandlowrelianceoninfrastructure,offersalow-costsolutionforterrestrialcellularsystemstosolvethenetworkcoverageovertheremaining94%oftheearth.Theintegrateddevelopmentoftheterrestrialcellularandhigh,medium,andlowearthorbitsatellitecommunicationsystemscreatingaspace-groundintegratedcommunicationsystemwillgreatlyexpandtheaccessareaofUEsandrealizeseamlessaccessandubiquitousconnectionwithanyoneoranythinganywhereanytimeallovertheworld.In6Gspace-groundintegratedsystems,theorganicintegrationofsatellitecommunicationUEsandterrestrialcellularcommunicationUEsisthekeytoachieveseamlesswide-areaaccessandubiquitousconnectionof
UEs.
ComparedwithterrestrialcellularcommunicationUEs,currentsatellitecommunicationUEsarenotfriendlyintermsofformfactor,powerconsumption,communicationrate,integration,networkconnectivity,andsoon.Thisisbecause,ontheonehand,thelongtransmissiondistanceofsatellitecommunicationleadsto
seriouslarge-scalefading:acommunicationsatellitewillsufferextremelargepath
5
lossifitisaGEOsynchronoussatelliteusingmmWaveandevenhigherfrequencybands;andontheotherhand,thelowdegreeofstandardizationinthefieldofsatellite
communicationresultsinalackofstandardizedinterfacesbetweensystems.
Table1comparestypicalterrestrialcellularcommunicationUEsandsatellitecommunicationUEs,including5GmobilephoneUEs,Tiantong-1satelliteUEsandAPStar-6DsatelliteUEs.Amongthem,Tiantong-1satelliteisthefirstmobilecommunicationsatelliteinChina,andAPStar-6DsatelliteisthemostadvancedKu
bandhigh-throughputsatelliteinChina.
Table1.DifferenceBetweenSatelliteUEsandTerrestrialMobileUEs
Item
SatelliteCommunicationUE
TerrestrialMobileUE
Tiantong
satelliteUEs
(GEO,Sband)
APStarsatelliteUEs(GEO,Ku/Kaband)
Sub6G
UEs
mmWave
UEs
Form
Handheld
VSATstations
(Antenna
diameter
0.6m~1.2m)
Portable
UE
(Antennadiameter:0.1m)
Handheld
CPE
Max
transmitting
power
33dBm
8W~16W
(39dBm~42dBm)
1W
(30dBm)
23dBm
23dBm
Datarate
1.2Kbps~
9.6Kbps
Downlink:
80Mbps
@50MHz
Uplink:
10Mbps@8MHz
Downlink:
37.5Kbps
@500KHz
Uplink:
7Kbps@
200KHz
Downlink:
Assuming4MIMO
layers,
256QAM,100MHz
bandwidth,and
sub-carrierspacingof30kHz,
thepeak
downlinkdatarateis1.745Gbpsfor5ms
single
cycle
frame
structures
Downlink:>4Gbps;
Uplink:
>340Mbps
6
Uplink:
Assuming1layer,
100MHz
bandwidth,and30kHzsub-carrierspacing,
theuplinkpeakdatarateis
95Mbps
(64QAM)
or
127Mbps(256QAM)for5ms
single
cycle
frame
structures
Standardization
Tiantong-1
standard
Downlink:DVB-S2
Uplink:DVB-RCS
3GPP5GNR(FR1)
3GPP5G
NR(FR2)
Lithography
process
40nmbasebandchip
28nmor40nmbasebandchip
5nm
baseband
chip
5nm
baseband
chip
Communicationmode
Dualmode
(LTE+Tiantong)/Singlemode
Singlemode
Multi-mode
Multi-mode
Numberof
users
Hundredsof
thousands
Tensofthousands
Ericssonestimates5Gmobilesubscriptionswillexceed580millionbytheendof2021
Note:5GmobilephoneUEindicatorsaresourcedfromtheCCSA5GUEindustrystandard“2018-2364T-YDT3627-2019_5Gdigitalcellularmobiletelecommunicationnetwork-technicalrequirementsofeMBBuserequipment(Phase1)”.The5GmmWaveCPEUEdataissourcedfromthemillimeterwavetestconductedintheMTNetlaboratoryorganizedbytheChinaAcademyofInformationandCommunicationsTechnology.
InTable1,Tiantong-1handheldphonessupportboththesatellitecommunicationsystemand4GLTEstandard,howeverbysimplyintegratingtwochips,withoutanyoptimizationinsystemhandoverandresourceconservation.Atpresent,themainreasonwhyitisdifficulttodeeplyintegratesatellitecommunicationUEsand
terrestrialcellularcommunicationUEsisthevastdifferencebetweenthesetwo
7
communicationsystems,andthelackofunifiedmanagementoversatellite
communicationnetworksandterrestrialcellularnetworks.
Ontheonehand,thechoiceofairinterfacetransmissiontechnologydirectlydeterminestheimplementationplanofcommunicationUEchipset.Therefore,tointegratetwoairinterfacesinharmonyandsharingresourcesbetweenthem,thefirstthingistodesignanintegratedairinterfacetransmissiontechnologyaccordingtodifferentcommunicationchannelcharacteristics,differentcommunicationscenarios,andresourceconstraints.Ontheotherhand,theorganicintegrationofsatellitecommunicationUEsandgroundcommunicationUEsmeanstheUEs’freeaccesstonetworksthroughsatellitenodesorgroundbasestationsanytimeanywherewithseamlesshandover.Tothisend,itisnecessarytodesignasatellite-terrestrialintegratednetworkarchitecturethatcoverssatelliteaccessnetworksandgroundaccessnetworks,subjecttoaunifiedaccessmanagementmechanism.Besides,efficientandreal-timemobilitymanagementtechnologiesarealsoneededtoenablebetteruserexperience.Comparedwithterrestrialcellularcommunicationsystems,satellitecommunicationhaslongertransmissiondistanceandthusseriouslarge-scalefading.ThepathlossisespeciallylargewhentheuserlinksareinKu/KAandotherHFbands.Withagivenloadcapacityofsatellitecommunication,increasingthesizeofUEantennaandtheG/TvalueofUEsiseffectiveforhigh-speeddatatransmission.Loweringthecostoflarge-scalephasedarrayofUEsisanessentialapproachtothe
large-scaleapplicationofsatellite-groundintegratedHFUEs.
However,thegreatdifferencesbetweensatellitecommunicationandterrestrialcellularcommunication,includingdifferentchannelmodelsanddifferenttransmissionenvironments,aswellasthecharacteristicsofsatellitecommunication,suchaslimitedon-boardresources,longtransmissiondistance,andhigh-speedmovementofLEOsatellitenodes,bringchallengestotheintegrationofairinterfacetransmissiontechnologies,integrationofnetworkarchitectures,andintegrationofmobilitymanagement.The3GPP’snon-terrestrialnetworks(NTN)projectiscommittedtointegratingsatellitecommunicationwith5GandsolvingtheproblemoftheNewRadio(NR)supportingNTN.3GPPNTNstandardizationwilllayafoundationfor6Gsatellite-terrestrialintegrationresearch.FromtheperspectiveofUEfriendliness,the
keytechnologiesof6Gsatellite-terrestrialintegrationincludethespace-ground
8
integratedflexiblenetworkarchitecture,6Gsatellite-terrestrialintegratedtransmission
technology,low-costUEphasedarrayantennatechnology,etc.
1.Space-groundintegratedflexiblenetworkarchitecture
Atpresent,thearchitectureofsatellitenetworksdifferslargelyfromthatofterrestrialcellularnetworks.Facingthefuturespace-groundintegrationscenario,integratinghigh,medium,andlowearthorbitsatellitenetworksandterrestrialcellularnetworks,adoptingaunifiedflexiblenetworkarchitecture,andbuildinganend-to-endservicenetwork,toenabletheglobalunifiedaccessserviceandmobilitymanagementservice,willbeconducivetosimplifyingtheUEprocessesandreducingthehandover
latency.
Thespace-groundintegratedaccessnetworkbasedonmicro-serviceisthekeylinkofbuildingaflexiblenetwork.Throughcloudnativetechnologiessuchascontainer,thewirelessprotocolfunctionisreconstructedusingtheconceptofmicro-service,andsimilarfunctionsbetweendifferentlayersarere-encapsulatedasmicro-servicestoremoveredundancyandrealizetheservice-orienteddesignof
wirelessaccessnetworks.Eachmicro-serviceoftheaccessnetworkcanevolve
independentlyandexpandflexibly.Micro-service-basedaccessnetworksincludesservicessuchasresourceallocation,retransmissioncontrol,encryption&decryption,mobilitymanagement,signalprocessing,networkaccess,etc.Inaspace-groundintegratedaccessnetwork,theunifiedaccessserviceimplementedthroughsatellite-groundcollaborationallowsUEstointelligentlyselectthesatelliteaccessnodeorgroundaccessnodeforaccess,soastoensuretheoptimalaccess.ForUEs,usingaunifiednetworkaccessmechanismmeansthattheaccessnetworkis
transparentandinvisibletoUEs,whichgreatlysimplifiestheUEimplementation.
2.6Gsatellite-terrestrialintegratedtransmissiontechnology
Theunifiedairinterfacetransmissiontechnologyofsatellite-terrestrialintegrationcaneffectivelysimplifytheproductdesignofUEsandexpandtheindustrialecologicalchain.Onthebasisofmaintainingaconsistenttechnicalsystem,differentapplicationrequirementscanbefulfilledbychangingthesoftwareconfigurableandadaptivenatureofairinterfaceparametersandprotocol
mechanisms.
9
Comparedwithtraditionalterrestrialcellularcommunicationsystemsandsatellitecommunicationsystems,transmissionchannelenvironmentsaremorecomplexinspace-groundintegratedsystems,andlargelyvaryingcharacteristicssuchastransmissionlatency,large-scalefading,Dopplerfrequencyoffset,andscattering.Theurgentproblemstobesolvedby6Gtechnologyistomakeefficientuseofmulti-dimensionalresourcessuchastime,space,frequency,codeandpowerandtodesignaunifiedairinterfacetransmissiontechnologyforsatellite-terrestrial
integration.
Thelargepropagationlossofsatellite-terrestrialtransmissionpath,limitedon-boardresources,extendedlinktime,andhigh-speedmotionofLEOsatellitesposegreatchallengestothesynchronizationandaccesstechnologydesign.Toeffectivelyreduceprocessinglatencyandimproveuserexperience,robusttimingsynchronizationandextremelysimplerandomaccessschemesneedtobestudied.EspeciallyforUEswithoutGNSSpositioningandtime-frequencypre-compensationcapabilities,morerobustuplinkphysicalrandomaccesschannelhavetobedesignedtocorrecttiming
offsetsandfrequencydeviations.
Carriermodulationisavitaltransmissiontechnology,whichessentiallydeterminesthemodeofdatatransmission,spectrumutilization,andtime-frequencysynchronizationscheme.Featuringitsflexibilityandexcellentperformance,multi-carriermodulationisthemaindirectionofcommunicationdevelopmentinthefuture.6Gmulti-carriermodulationtechnologyneedstofullyconsiderthedifferencesbetweensatellitecommunicationandterrestrialcellularcommunicationintransmissionchannelmodel,linkmargin,Dopplerfrequencyoffset,noderesources,
andothercharacteristics,whilebringingsatellite-terrestrialtransmission,broadband,
narrowband,highandlowfrequenciesintoaunifiedframework,andbalancingspectrumefficiency,carrierwaveflexibility,peak-to-averageratio(PAR),andother
indicators.
The6Gerawillwitnessagradualshiftfromtheterrestrialnetworkpeople-centeredurbancoveragenetworkingmodetotheobject-basedglobalcoveragenetworkingmode.TheInternetofThings(IoTs),especiallythesatelliteIoT,willbeanimportantapplicationscenarioof6G.Asspectrumresourcesgetincreasinglyscarce,
withtherapidgrowthofconnectiondensity,thefirststepfortheIoTistoprovide
10
moreaccessresources.Inaddition,thesatelliteIoTalsoneedstofocusonsolvingthesignalingstormandenergyconsumptioncausedbytherapidmovementofLEOsatellites.Non-orthogonalmultipleaccess(NOMA)hasgreatadvantagesinprovidingmoreconnectionsandunauthorizedtransmission.However,insatellitecommunication,thereareproblemsofinsignificantchannelgaindifferenceamongmultipleusersunderthesamebeamandinsufficienton-boardprocessingcapacity.Tosolvetheseproblems,newNOMAtechnologiesneedtobestudiedtooptimize
codebookdesignandreducereceiveralgorithms.
3.Low-costUEphasedarrayantennatechnology
ThecostofaUEphasedarrayantennaiscloselyrelatedtochipsettechnology.Atpresent,themainstreamRFchipsetsusedbyphasedarraytechnologyinmillimeterwavebandarebasedonGaAsandGaN.Withthesilicon-basedchipsetsgraduallyenteringmillimeterwaveband,phasedarrayRFchipsetsbasedonCMOS,SiGe,and
SOIhavebeenputintoapplicationsoneafteranother.
AlthoughGaAsandGaNRFchipsetshavebetteremissionefficiencyandlowernoisefigure,forsatellitecommunicationUEsincivilmarkets,siliconbasedchipsetwithgeneralelectricalperformanceindicatorshavemoreadvantagesbecauseoftheirlowcostandhighintegration.Amongthecurrentthreetechnologiesforsilicon-basedRFchipsets,CMOSchipsetisthecheapestwithpoorperformanceindex,whileCMOS-SOIchipsetischeaperwithbestemissionefficiency,andpoornoisecoefficient,andSiGechipsetiscostlierwithbetternoisecoefficient,andmoderateemissionefficiency.Withalargeaperture,antennasinsatellitecommunicationapplicationsmayhavetointegratethousandsofchannelswithphasedarraytechnology.Therefore,theCMOSbasedRFchipsetisgenerallyusedin
implementation.
Inaddition,withevolutionoftechnologies,silicon-basedCMOSchipsetcanbeproducedwithcurrent65nm,45nm,and28nmprocesslines,indicatingahighyieldandahugecapacity.Atthesametime,bymakingfulluseofmaturedigitalcircuittechnologies,inadditiontointegratingthereception,transmission,phase-shiftattenuationcontrolofmultiplechannelsandthepowerdivisionnetworkbetweenmultiplechannelsintoonechipset,theCMOStechnologycanalsointegratethe
digitalcontrolpartssuchasserial-to-parallelconversioncircuit,temperaturecontrol
11
circuit,powerdetectioncurrent,andself-testcircuittogether,realizinghighintegrationofphasedarrayantennasunderthehelpofRFSOCpackaging.Therefore,inordertolowerthecostforlarge-scalecommercialapplications,thesilicon-basedCMOStechnologyisthemainstreaminthefieldofphasedarrayantennasfor
internationalsatelliteUEs.
Forfuturemassiveproduction,thelow-costCMOS-basedUEphasedarrayantennatechnologystillhassomeproblemstoovercomesuchaslowefficiency,lowpower,andhighnoisefigure.ThelowelectronmobilityofsiliconmaterialsunderminestheproductionefficiencyofCMOSchipsets,withonly20%forproductionofsingle-diechipsetsinmillimeterwavebandwhichisintheinternationallyleadinglevel,farfromthatofGaAschips(usually40%).Asforoutputpower,atpresent,50mWssingle-diechipsetscanbeproduced,whichisfarbehindtheusual5WsoutputpowerofGaAschipsets.Fornoisefigure,thecurrently
achievable3dBatthisstageisstillfarfrom1.5dBofGaAs.
3.1.2Multi-bandconvergencetosupportubiquitousconnectivityforUEs
Inordertomeetdiversedevelopmentscenarios,thewirelesscommunicationtechnologyevolvescontinually,newtransmissionandaccesstechnologiesareemergingconstantly,andthecommunicationfrequencybandscontinuetoexpandintohigherfrequencybands.Thewirelesscommunicationsystemshowingtheubiquitousandcollaborativefeatureswillevolveintoaheterogeneous,interconnected,andintegratednetworkwherevarioussystemsandfrequencybandscoexist,formingmulti-dimensionalstereoscopiccoverage,formutualcomplementationand
collaboration.
AsfortheUEs,thismeansthattherewillbemultipleaccessnetworksatthesametime,providingdiversifiedaccessmeansofcommunication.However,inordertoavoidinterference,differentaccessnetworksareoftenconfiguredwithdifferentcommunicationfrequencybands.Inaddition,duetothehistoricalreasonsofspectrumresourcemanagement,oneaccessnetworkmaybeallocatedwithseveralfragmentedfrequencybands.Therefore,theUEshavetosupportavarietyofcommunicationsystemsandmultipleRFfrequencybandstoaccessdifferentnetworks.Inthefuture6Gera,servicedemandtypeswillbedividedintomanysubdivisions,andtheUEs
needmorediversifiedaccesscapabilities.Selectingtheoptimalaccesscapability,
12
effectivelyintegratingmultiplemodesandmultiplefrequencybands,andimproving
thespectrumefficiencyofUEswillbecomemorechallenging.
1.RFfront-endmoduletechnology
WhethertheUEssupportmulti-modeandmultiband(MMMB)mainlyliesonbasebandchipset,RFchipset,andRFfront-end.ComparedwithdigitalbasebandchipsetandRFchipsettechnologies,MMMBbringsgreaterchallengestoRFfront-end.TheRFfront-enddeterminesthecommunicationmode,receivedsignalstrength,connectionstability,transmissionpower,andotherimportantperformance
indicatorstheUEssupport,directlyaffectingtheuserexperience.
RFfront-endconsistsofaseriesofanalogdevices,includingswitches,poweramplifiers(PAs),lownoiseamplifiers(LNAs),filters,duplexers,etc.Eachcommunicationsystemandeachfrequencybandneedtobeequippedwithaspecialfilterorduplexer,whichisdifficulttoshare.Ontheonehand,withtheincreasingnumberoffrequencybandssupportedbyUEs,moreandmorecomponentsareinstalledinthedevice.Ontheotherhand,sizeoftheUEsisanimportantaspect,especiallythemostimportantconsumerdevicesintheworld,whichmustbelightandthin.Duetotherequirementsofstructuraldesign,itisimpossibletoincreasethePCBareafortheRFfrontend.Inaddition,astheRFsystemintheUEsbecomesmoreandmorecomplex,thetestefficiencyofdiscreteschemesdecreasesrapidly.Withbothdevicespaceandtesttimeconstraints,theRFfront-enddevicemodularizationhasbecomeamajortrend,whichnotonlyreducesthedevicesize,butalsoimproves
theperformance,increasesthedebuggingefficiency,andreducesthecost.
RFfront-endmodularizationistointegrateseveralhigh-performancedeviceswithdifferenttechnologiesintheformofSysteminPackage(SIP),includingRFswitches,low-noiseamplifiers,filters,duplexers,poweramplifiers,andotherdiscretedevices.OneofthechallengesofRFfront-endmodularizationmainlycomesfromhigh-performancefilters.1.5GHz~3.0GHzspectrum,knownasthegoldenbandofmobilecommunication,themostdistinctivefeaturesofthisfrequencybandrangeare"congestion"and"interference".FDDLTEBand1/2/3/4,TDDLTEB34/39/40/41,andallcommercialfrequencybandsofTDS-CDMAareinthisbandrange,andevenimportantnon-cellularcommunicationssuchasGPS,Wi-Fi2.4G,andBluetooth
operateinthisrange.Withtheadventof5G,theUERFfront-endmaybe
13
configuredwithmoreandmorefrequencybands,forexample,dozensorevenhundredsoffiltersmaybeimplemented,makingtheRFfront-enddesignextremely
complex.
Ontheotherhand,5GNRhastoextendtothemmWavespectrumtomeettheexplodingvolumeofdatatraffi
温馨提示
- 1. 本站所有资源如无特殊说明,都需要本地电脑安装OFFICE2007和PDF阅读器。图纸软件为CAD,CAXA,PROE,UG,SolidWorks等.压缩文件请下载最新的WinRAR软件解压。
- 2. 本站的文档不包含任何第三方提供的附件图纸等,如果需要附件,请联系上传者。文件的所有权益归上传用户所有。
- 3. 本站RAR压缩包中若带图纸,网页内容里面会有图纸预览,若没有图纸预览就没有图纸。
- 4. 未经权益所有人同意不得将文件中的内容挪作商业或盈利用途。
- 5. 人人文库网仅提供信息存储空间,仅对用户上传内容的表现方式做保护处理,对用户上传分享的文档内容本身不做任何修改或编辑,并不能对任何下载内容负责。
- 6. 下载文件中如有侵权或不适当内容,请与我们联系,我们立即纠正。
- 7. 本站不保证下载资源的准确性、安全性和完整性, 同时也不承担用户因使用这些下载资源对自己和他人造成任何形式的伤害或损失。
最新文档
- 符合加盟条件的合同
- 粉刷教室施工合同
- 浙教版九年级下册科学讲练课堂2.4生态系统的结构与功能(讲义)(原卷版+解析)
- 2021-2022学年吉林省辽源市物理高一下期末统考模拟试题含解析
- 2021-2022学年湖南省长沙市雅礼教育集团物理高一下期末统考模拟试题含解析
- 滨城高中联盟高二下学期期中考试语文试卷(含解析)
- 第一次月考 (1-2单元)(试题)- 2024-2025学年六年级上册数学人教版
- 吉林省吉林市亚桥桃源校区2024-2025学年度八年级上学期第一次月考物理试卷(无答案)
- 山西省部分学校2022-2023学年高一下学期4月期中考试 化学试题
- 云南省保山市腾冲市2022-2023学年一年级下学期期末英语试题
- 特种设备安全管理考核办法
- 公司2023年消防安全资金投入计划和预算方案
- 文创公司简介模板范本
- 低代码开发智慧树知到课后章节答案2023年下南华大学
- 集团公司人力资源管理办法
- 森林消防服务投标方案(完整技术标)
- 产品工艺规程编制及管理规程
- 家禽传染病-禽呼肠孤病毒感染(动物疫病防治课件)
- 单位(场所)消防安全自查表
- 四年级下册综合实践活动说课稿-环保袋 全国通用
- 机房和服务器管理制度
评论
0/150
提交评论