福建省福州八校联考2023-2024学年高二上学期期末考试英语试题（原卷版）

福州市八校联考高二上学期期末考试第二部分阅读(共两节，满分50分)第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)ATheThaicapitalBangkokisn'tjustabigcityfullofskyscrapers,shoppingmalls,andtraffic.Therearemanybeautifulspacesprovidingresidentswithfreshairandlotsofhealthyoutdooractivitiesinlandscapedareas.BenjakittiParkTheparkhasdedicated'bicycleandjoggingtracksaroundtheLakeRatchada.Thewater'sedgeisnicelyframedbysomeprettyplantlife,withcolourfulflowersaddingtothequietness.You'llalsofindskatetracks,acentralpavilionwithfountains,andanimpressivehalfcirclecourtyardthat'spopularforpicnics.OpeningTime:Dailyfrom5a.m.to9p.m.BenjasiriParkBenjasiriParkistheplacetobeforsculpturelovers,withsomeofthebestexamplesofThaisculpturesaroundtheparkreflectinghistoricalfeatures.Thecentrepiecefountainhostsmultimediawaterdanceshows3timesdaily.TheparkoffersoutdoorsportsfacilitiesrarelyfoundatotherpublicparksinBangkok,includingabasketballcourt,rollerskating/skateboardingrink,tenniscourt,andoutdoorswimmingpool.OpeningTime:Dailyfrom5a.m.to9p.m.ChatuchakParkChatuchakParkofferssomethingforeveryoneatthispark.Somemaywalkorjogalongthegreentracksline,whileotherscanappreciatenatureintheThaiLiteratureandHerbGarden.Thepark'snorthernendhasmanytenniscourtsandsoccerfields.Whileyou'rethere,makesurenottomisstheTrainMuseumandYouthTrafficGarden.OpeningTime:Dailyfrom4:30a.m.to9p.m.SanamLuangParkSanamLuangParkhasbeenaroundsincethefoundingofBangkokin1782.TakepartinthekiteflyingfestivalinMarchindifferentshapesandsizesfloatinginthesky.Onmostdays;youcanenjoyafamilypicnicinthebreezylateafternoonwhilewatchinganexcitinggameofvolleyball.OpeningTime:Dailyfrom5a.m.to10p.m.1.Whichparkopensearliesteveryday?A.BenjakittiPark. B.BenjasiriPark.C.ChatuchakPark. D.SanamLuangPark.2.WhatisspecialinBenjasiriParkparedwiththeotherthreeparks?A.Colorfulflowers. B.TraditionalsculpturesC.Soccerfields. D.Walkingtracks.3.WhatdoBenjakittiParkandSanamLuangParkbothhave?A.Atenniscourt. B.Someskatetracks.C.Avolleyballcourt. D.Somepicnicspots.BJapanisanationthatappreciatesthevirtuesofsilenceandgoodmanners.Yet,whenitestoeatingnoodles,Japanesepeoplecanbetheloudestintheworld.AccordingtolifestylewebsiteGrapee.jp,slurping(发出啧啧声)wheneatingnoodlesisencouragedinJapaneseculture.It'sbelievedthattakingairintoyourmouthcanenhance(提高)theflavorofthenoodlesandhelpcooldownthefood.It'salsoconsideredtobeawaytoshowappreciationforthedish.Sometimes,justmakingthenoisealoneseemstomakethenoodlesmoreenjoyable.Itwasnotuntilanewexpression—“noodleharassment”—cameoutonsocialmediathatJapanesepeoplestartedtorealizetheproblem.Theyfoundthattheslurpingnoisewasmakingsomeforeignvisitorsunfortable.Asaresponse,JapaneseinstantnoodlemakerNissinintroducedasocallednoisecanceling(降噪的)forklastmonth.Theforklookslikeanelectrictoothbrush.Itisconnectedwirelesslytoasmartphone.Whenthepersonusingtheforkstartstoslurp,theforkwillsendasignaltotheperson'sphone.Thenthephonewillplayasoundtomasktheslurpingnoise.Butisitreallynecessary?Diningtraditionsandtablemannersdovary.InIndia,peopleeatwiththeirhands.Theythinktheybuildaconnectionwiththefoodinthisway.However,peoplewhoareusedtoeatingwithforksmightfinditunacceptabletogettheirhandscoveredinoilorsauce.ButthiseatingmethodispartofIndia'sculture,justlikeJapan'sslurpingispartofitsown.“So,ifyouareeatingnoodles,pleaseslurpasyoulike,"wroteaJapanesefoodblogger.“Ifanyonegetsannoyedwhileyouaredoingthat,ignorethem.They'remissingthepointentirely."4.WhichofthefollowingisNOTthereasonforslurpingwheneatingnoodles,accordingtothetext?A.Coolingthenoodlesdown. B.Makingthenoodlesmoretasty.C.Showinggreatrespectforthenoodles. D.Addingtothepleasureofeatingnoodles.5.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"harassment"meaninparagraph3mean?A.Anxiety. B.Annoyance.C.Politeness. D.Appreciation6.Howdoesthenoisecancelingforkwork?A.Theforkremovestheslurpingnoise.B.Theforkcanbeusedasanelectrictoothbrush.C.Asmartphoneremindstheusertostopslurpingifasignalissenttoit.D.Asmartphoneplaysasoundtohidethenoisewhenitreceivesasignal.7.WhydoestheauthormentionpeopleinIndiainthispassage?AToshowthatforksareunnecessaryinIndianculture.BTogiveanexampletoshowculturaldifferencearenormal.C.ToshowIndiahasspecialdinningtraditionandtablemanners.D.TotellusthedifferencesineatinghabitsbetweenIndiaandJapan.CBlindpeoplehavelongdesiredforbrightness,butscientistsdon’thavethetechnology.Tobringthatonestepclosertoreality,ZhiyongFan,amaterialsscientistoftheHongKongUniversityofScienceandTechnology,developedanewartificialeyerecently.Thedevice,whichisaboutassensitivetolightandhassharpervisionandafasterreactiontimethanarealeyeball,mayoutperformhumaneyes.Thehumaneyeowesitswidefieldofviewandcleareyesighttotheretina(视网膜)—anareaatthebackoftheeyeballcoveredinlightdetectingcells.Thedesignforanewartificialeyeisbasedonthestructureofthehumaneyeandusesafriendlylightsensitivematerial.Atthebackoftheeyeball,anartificialretinaislinedwithNanscalelightsensors(纳米级光感器).Thosesensorsmeasurelightthatpassesthroughthelens(晶状体)atthefrontoftheeye.Wiresattachedtothebackoftheretinasendsignalsfromthosesensorstotheprocessor,similartothewaynervenetworksconnecttheeyeballtothebrain.“Inthefuture,wecanusethistoreplacedamagedhumaneyes,”saystheleaddesigner.Intheory,thisartificialeyecouldseemoreclearlythanthehumaneye,becausetheartificialretinacontainsabout460millionlightsensorspersquarecentimeterwhilearealretinahasabout10millionlightdetectingcellspersquarecentimeter.Besides,theartificialeyeballrecordschangesinlightingfasterthanhumaneyescan—withinabout30to40milliseconds,ratherthan40to150milliseconds.Althoughits100degreefieldofviewisn’tasbroadasthe150degreesahumaneyecantakein,thedevicecanseeaswellasthehumaneyeinpoorlight.HongruiJiang,anelectricalengineerattheUniversityofWisconsin,though,thinksengineersneedamuchmorepracticalandefficientwaytoproducevastseriesoftinywiresonthebackoftheartificialeyeballtogiveitsuperhumansight,whichissuperhardtoachieve.8.WhydoesZhiyongFandeveloptheartificialeye?A.Toreplacepeople’srealeyeballs. B.Togainasharpervision.C.Tohelptheblindregaintheireyesight. D.Tohelpnormaleyesperformbetter.9.Whatisparagraph2mainlyabout?A.Thedesignoftheartificialeye.BThestructureofthehumaneye.C.Theadvantagesoftheartificialeye.D.Thematerialusedfortheartificialeye.10.Whatcanwelearnabouttheartificialeyeandthehumaneye?A.Theyhavethesamestructure.B.Theartificialeyemayseemoreclearly.C.Thehumaneyeseesbetterinweaklight.D.Theartificialeyetakesinabroaderview.11.WhichwordbestdescribesHongruiJiang’sattitudetotheartificialeye?A.Doubtful. B.Favorable. C.Tolerant. D.Ambiguous.DChina’syoungpeoplehavecreatedyetanotherwordtoreflecttheirgrowingdisappointmentwiththestressfulworkculture.Thenewlifestylehotword,tangping,isanactionratherthanafeeling—decidingtojustgoby,usingaminimumeffortatanunsatisfactoryjob.Wendysaidthatherlyingdownphilosophycouldbesummedupas“Puttingthepeacefulnessofthebodyandsoulfirst.”“Accordingtothemainstreamstandard,agoodlifestylemustincludeworkinghard,tryingtogetgoodresultsonworkevaluations,strugglingtobuyahouseandacar,andhavingbabies,”shesaid,“However,Iamlookingforwardto‘lyingdownentirely’—quittingmyjobandlivingoffmysavings.”TangpinghaseunderfirefromChinesestatemedia.“Nomatterwhat,youngpeoplemusthaveconfidenceinthefuture,”readanewspaper.“Chinaistheworld’smostpopulouscountry,withrichlaborresourcesandahugemarketadvantage.Theonlyhappylifeisahardworkinglife.“Thelyingdownmunityobviouslyisn’tgoodforthecountry’seconomicandsocialdevelopment,”saidGuangmingDaily.However,thenewspaperaddedthattangpingshouldn’tbeignoredwithoutreflection:ifChinawantstoencouragehardworkintheyounggeneration,itshouldfirsttrytoimprovetheirqualityoflife.“Thestateisworriedaboutwhatwouldhappenifeveryonestoppedworking,”saidHuangPing,aliteratureprofessor.“Buthumansaren’tmerelytoolsformakingthings,”hesaid.Toliedownisareasonablechoiceratherthananegativeattitude.Forsomeyoungpeople,it’sawayforthemtoreducepressure.“Whenyoucan’tcatchupwithsociety’sdevelopment—say,highhouseprices—tangpingisactuallythemostpracticalchoice.”hesaid.Lyingdowncanbeseenastheoppositeofinvolution(内卷),referringtosocietiesbeingtrappedincontinualcyclesofpetition.“Inarelativelygoodsocialenvironment,peoplemayfeelinvoluted,butatleastthey’retrying”hesaid.“Ifit’sworse,peoplewilltangping.”Alternatively,themoremotivatedamongtheyounggenerationhaveacceptedFIRE—“FinancialIndependence,RetireEarly”—inthehopeofsomedayescapingtheseverepetitiononceandforall.12.WhatisWendy’sgoalinlife?A.Tokeepupwithsociety’sdevelopment. B.Todependonhersavingstolive.C.Togetpromotedinherpany. D.Tobehighlyevaluatedatwork.13.Whatdostatemediathinktheyoungshoulddo?A.Improvetheirqualityoflife. B.ReflectonChina’sdevelopment.C.Basetheirfutureonhardwork. D.Liveahappylifebylyingdown.14.WhatdoesProfessorHuangthinkofthe“lyingdown”style?A.Itmeanslowqualityoflifefortheyoung.B.Itpreventsthedevelopmentofsociety.C.Itmotivatestheyoungtoweletheirfuture.D.Itremovestheheavylifepressurefromtheyoung.15.Whatcanbeinferredfromthelasttwoparagraphs?A.Ahealthysocietydoesn’tinvolvepetition.B.Youngpeoplepreferinvolutiontotangping.C.Severepetitionisthemaincauseoflyingdown.D.Moreactiveyoungpeoplefavourseverepetition.第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)根据短文内容，从文后选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Can'tResistJunkFood?StudySuggestsYouTryThisSimpleTrickYou'retiredandhungry.Thenyoucatchawhiffofsomethingdelicious,probablyfriedandalmostcertainlyfattening.Itisfriedchicken!____16____Anewresearchsaysthatexposingtothesmellofjunkfoodforatleasttwominutescanactuallyhelpyoumakehealthierfoodchoices.Let'stakeacloserlookatthisprocess.Haveyouevernoticedthatwhateverappetizingtreatcatchesyournose'sattentiontendstobemostappealingjustafteryoufirstsmellit?Whatwillhappenifyou'restandinginlineafteracoupleofminutes?____17____Andrecentsciencesaysthatthisisactuallytherightmomenttowalkaway.Theresultsofaseriesofexperiments,includingfieldstudiesatasupermarketandatamiddleschoolcafeteria,showthatextendedexposure(ofmorethantwominutes)tojunkfoodsmell(e.g,cookiesmell)leadstolowerpurchasesofunhealthyfoodsparedwithhealthysmell(e.g.strawberrysmell).____18____Thatiswhylongexposuretojunkfoodsmellcanbeassatisfactoryasactuallyhavingitinyourmouth,whichinturndecreasesthedesireforconsumptionofjunkfood.____19____Whentheexposuretosmellofhealthyfoodwereexamined,foodchoiceswerenotprofoundlyinfluenced.Thereasonforthisisthathealthyfoodarenotconnectedwithrewardinourbrainandthereforehavelittleinfluenceonwhatwedesire.Sonexttimeyou'refeelingyoudon'thavethewillpowertoresistthatFrenchfries,itmightbeassimpleassittingthereandsmellingallthatsweetnessforjustaminuteortwo.____20____A.Butwaitaminutebeforeyouorder.B.It'saresponsethathasbeenresearched.C.Getthesatisfactionwithnoneofthecalories.D.Itisn'tquiteasirresistibleasitwasjustmomentsago.E.However,it'snotthesamecasewithsmellofhealthyfood.F.It'sthesameasactuallyeatingitbecauseyourdesiretoeatitissatisfied.G.Thebraindoesn'tnecessarilydistinguishbetweenapleasurablesmellortaste.第三部分语言运用(共两节，满分30分)第一节(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)阅读短文，从文后各题所给A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。ForalittlegirlgrowingupinColombia,asciencecareerwithNASAmayseemimpossible.Trujillo,however,isanaerospace____21____wholeadsateamattheNASAlaboratory____22____fortheroboticarmofthelatestMarsrover(火星探测器).HowdidTrujillogofromsimplydreamingabouttheuniverseto____23____exploringit?That'sataleof____24____writteninthestars.Bornin1983,evenasayounggirlTrujillowas____25____ofherpassionforscience.Butshedoubtedhowfarshe'dbeableto____26____inamaledominatedfield.ThenherdadofferedtosendhertoMiami.Only17atthetime,she____27____theoffer.Trujillotookaseriesofhousekeeping____28____toputherselfthroughMiamiDadeCollege.Sometimesshewascleaningbathroomstohelppayherwaythroughher____29____.Butshedidn't______30______"Isaweverythingingmywayasanopportunity."Thencameanotherlifechangingmoment.ShebecamethefirstHispanic(西班牙语国家的)womantobe______31______totheNASAAcademy.Later,shebecameanengineeratNASA'sGoddardSpaceFlightCenter.ThisFebruary,whenthePerseverancerover______32______onthesurfaceofMars,itwas______33______bymentary(解说)fromTrujilloinNASA'sfirsteverSpanishlanguage______34______.Trujillo'sownstoryis______35______thatjustbeyondthebarrierliesanentireuniverseofopportunitieswaitingforanyonewillingtoworkhardenoughtoreachforthestars.21.A.astronaut B.pilot C.engineer D.guide22.A.eager B.responsible C.concerned D.grateful23.A.actually B.hardly C.accurately D.repeatedly24.A.innovation B.kindness C.passion D.sympathy25.A.certain B.approved C.afraid D.fond26.A.respond B.rise C.invest D.apply27.A.madeup B.turnedup C.pickedup D.tookup28.A.measures B.activities C.jobs D.courses29.A.studies B.purchases C.recreations D.trips30.A.clarify B.fear C.perceive D.plain31.A.applied B.admitted C.assigned D.introduced32A.originated B.generated C.landed D.waited33.A.acpanied B.distracted C.estimated D.occupied34A.theory B.broadcast C.ment D.performance35.A.career B.information C.petence D.proof第二节语法填空(共10小题;每小题1.5分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Theremainsofagoldmaskareamongthe3,000yearoldartifacts(历史文物)foundatSanxingdui,a4.6squaremileareaoutsideChengdu,capitalofSichuanprovince.___36___(weigh)about280gramsandestimatedtobemadefrom84%gold,themaskisoneofover500itemsunearthedfromsixnewlydiscovered“sacrificialpits(祭祀坑)”inSanxingdui.Morethan50,000ancientartifacts___37___(find)atSanxingduisincethe1920s,whenalocalfarmer___38___(accidental)cameuponanumberofrelicsatthesite.Amajorbreakthrough___39___(occur)in1986,withthediscoveryoftwoceremonialpitscontainingover1,000items.Discoveriesmadeatthesitedatebacktothe12thand11thcenturiesBC,andmanyoftheitemsarenow___40___displayatanonsitemuseum.Thesitehaspletelychangedexperts’understandingof___41___theancientcivilizationdevelopedinChina.Inparticular,___42___(evident)suggeststhattheuniqueancientShusocietydevelopedindependentlyofneighboringculturesintheYellowRiverValley,___43___wastraditionallyconsideredtobetheoriginofChinesecivilization.AlongwithotherShuarchaeological___44___(site),itiscreditedbytheUNas“___45___outstandingrepresentativeoftheBronzeAgeCivilizationofChina,EastAsiaandeventheworld.”第四部分课内知识(共两节，满分15分)第一节选词填空(共8小题：每小题1分，共8分。)根据语境选择方框内恰当的词并使用正确的形式填入空格处qualificationplexgraspmodestconsumeoverallsubscribecastorganicovere46.Childasheis,hehasagood________ofChinesecharacters47.Eventherelatively________sumof£50,000nowseemsbeyondhisreach.48.In________farming,theuseofpesticidesorchemicalfertilizersisprohibited.49.Nooneismore________thanyouaretodecidehowyoulive;nooneshouldbeabletovoteonwhatyoudowithyourtimeandyourpotentialunlessyouinvitethemto.50.Theelectricityindustry________largeamountsoffossilfuels.51.Boston'sLoganInternationalAirportspentmorethan30years________munityoppositiontoanewrunway.52.Iencountertremedouscultureshockwhen