2022年12月北京普通高中学业水平合格性考试英语仿真模拟试卷C含详解

2022年12月北京普通高中学业水平合格性考试英语仿真模拟试卷C

考生须知

1.考生要认真填写考场号和座位序号。

2.本试卷共10页，四道大题（共100分）。

3.试题所有答案必须填涂或书写在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效。选择题必须用2B铅笔作答；非选择

题必须用黑色字迹的签字笔作答。

4.考试结束后，考生应将试卷和答题卡按要求放在桌面上，待监考员收回。

一、听力理解（共25小题；每小题1分，共25分）

略。

二、完形填空（共15小题；每小题1分，共15分）

阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上

将该项涂黑。

IwasfrustratedatnotbeingenteredintothenationalITcompetitionI'dappliedfor.Isatinthecar,lostin

despair,chewingmylipandstaringoutside.

Iwentupstairs,____26____anddesperate.Grandpa'sdoorwasopenformeasusual.There,hewaswaiting

formy27withgreatexcitement.Istoodsilently,forcinga___28tocovermysadness.Heseemedto

29____meimmediately,givingmea30.1wasastonishedthatsuchathinbodywasfullofsomuch

energy.

Onlythendidmyemotionsstart31____out.Itoldhimthatallmy32werefornothing,and

thatIwasfeelingdiscouraged.Grandpasmiledatme33andsaid,"Don'tworry.You'refarstrongerthan

youthink.wThenhe34「Lifecanbefullofupsanddownssowhatweneeddoistostillhaveourhopes

anddesires,ignoringtheanxietythatmakesiteasytogiveup.”

Hepattedmeontheshoulder,withadeterminedlook,beforesaying,uCheerup.Tmfirmly35

thatyouhavetheabilitytosucceed."Grandpa'sencouragementsoonmademysadness36.

Thenextday,Ithoughtaboutallmyproblemsand37aplan.Now,Ibelievethatwithapositive

attitudetowardsfailure,r1138reachmygoals.

Lookingback,Irealizethatweshouldshareoursetbacksandprogressinlifewithour39ones.As

mygrandpashowed,the40ofourfamilymemberswillbenefitusforever.

26.A.weakB.strongC.sweetD.simple

27.A.suggestionB.commentC.discoveryD.arrival

28.A.tearB.sighC.signalD.smile

29.A.ignoreB.inspectC.readD.order

30.A.hugB.prideC.challengeD.wish

31.A.dyingB.turningC.checkingD.pouring

32.A.offersB.effortsC.promisesD.profits

33.A.generallyB.gentlyC.suddenlyD.freshly

34.A.addedB.sharedC.helpedD.served

35.A.convincedB.believedC.expectedD.changed

36.A.ariseB.preventC.continueD.disappear

37.A.turnedintoB.cameacrossC.caredaboutD.workedout

38.A.merelyB.actuallyC.eventuallyD.instantly

39.A.deservedB.belovedC.determinedD.excited

40.A.companyB.gratitudeC.supportD.blame

三、阅读理解（共两节，40分）

第一节（共16小题；每小题2分，共32分）

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

A

Nostalgia（怀I日）hasbecomeincreasinglycommoninourcurrentclimateofunexpected,fast-pacedchange.

Moreandmorepeopleareturningbackwithlongingforwhatfeelslikesimpler,sweetertimes.Theycollect

cassettetapes,manualtypewritersevendecades-oldvideogames.

Isitamistaketogettooobsessedwiththepast?Somepsychologistswarnthattoomuchdevotiontothe

so-calledgoodolddaysisanescapefromreality;itcanindicatelonelinessorthatapersonishavingadifficulttime

copinginthepresent.PsychologistStephanieCoontzarguesthatnostalgiadistractsusfromaddressingthe

problemsofmodernlifeandcontributestoanxiety,depression,insomniaetc.

Butnewstudiessuggestthatamodestdoseofnostalgiaisnotonlyharmless,butactuallybeneficial.They

suggestithelpsstrengthenoursenseofidentityandmakesusfeelmoreoptimisticandinspired.Itisalsoatoolfor

self-discoveryandmemoriesareapsychologicalimmuneresponsethatistriggeredwhenyouwanttotakeabreak

fromnegativity.Interestingly,thosehappymemoriescanbeparticularlybeneficialbothtokidsintheirteensandto

societyJselders.Recallingourchildhoodremindsusof"thetimeswhenwewereaccentedandloved

unconditionally,,,saysKrystineBatcho,apsychologist."Thatissuchapowerfullycomfortingphenomenon,

knowingthattherewasatimeinlifewhenwedidn'thavetoearnourlove.Nostalgiacantransformeventhe

mostordinarypastintolegendswhichwarmstheheartandthebody.Let'snotforgetthatnostalgiahasbeena

sourceofinspirationtoinnumerableAmericanwriters.MarkTwainrecalledhisboyhood,writing,“afterallthese

years,Icanpicturethatoldtimetomyselfnow,justasitwasthen:Thewhitetowndrowsinginthesunshineofa

summer'smorning.n

Sogoahead,daydreamalittleaboutyourbestchildhoodfriend,yourfirstcar,along-gonefamilypet.AsDr.

Sedikidessays,“Nostalgiaisabsolutelycentraltohumanexperience.Butatthesametime,keepthesewordsof

wisdomfromthegreatinventorCharlesKetteringinmindaswell:"Youcan'thaveabettertomorrowifyouare

thinkingaboutyesterdayallthetime."41.Whatdidsomepsychologistsinparagraph2probablyagree?

A.Nostalgiacancausesomementalproblems.

B.Nostalgiamakesusdevotedtothepresentlife.

C.Nostalgiashowsyouaretryingtogetridofloneliness.

D.Nostalgiahelpsuscopewiththedifficulttimewearegoingthrough.

42.Therearemanybenefitsofnostalgiaexcept.

A.Itcanenableustoknowourselvesbetter

B.Itcanbringussomecomfortwhenwerecall

C.Wearelikelytogainattentionifwerecallthehappychildhood

D.Wecansometimesbreakawayfromnegativitywithhappymemories

43.Whatwillbetalkedaboutinthefollowingparagraph?

A.Thereasonswhyweshouldavoidnostalgia.

B.Thegreatchangesnostalgiawillbringtoyou.

C.Thebadmemoriesthatalwaysstickaroundyou.

D.Thebadinfluenceoftoomuchdevotiontonostalgia.

44.Whatdoestheauthorintendtotellus?

A.Peopletendtobelostinnostalgia.

B.Peopleactuallybenefitfromnostalgia.

C.Childhoodmemoriesinfluencepresentlife.

D.Therearesomeperiodswhenpeoplelookback.

B

Formany,LaborDayweekendsignalstheendofsummerandanopportunitytohostasocially-distanced

barbecue（anoutdoormeal）,Butthisnationalholiday—celebratedeveryyearintheUnitedStatesandCanadaon

thefirstMondayinSeptember—hasrevolutionary（革命性的）origins.

Bythelate19thcentury,theIndustrialRevolutionhadmadeworkinglifemiserableforpeoplearoundthe

world.Inmanyplaces,workerstoiledforatleast12hoursadaysixdaysaweekinmines,factories,railroads,and

mills.ThisholidayactuallyoriginatedintheUSonMay1,1866,inwhatcametobeknownastheHaymarketRiot,

workersfloodedChicagostreetstodemandaneight-hourworkday.

ItwouldtakeanotherconflictintheAmericanMidwesttomakeLaborDayanationalholiday.OnMay11,

1894,workersatthePullmanPalaceCarCompany,arailroadcarmanufacturernearChicago,wentonstriketo

protesttheirlowwagesand16-hourworkdays.InAugust1893,JamesKyleintroducedfederallegislation（立法）to

makeLaborDayapublicholiday,butfbrtenmonthsthelegislationwasputonhold.Toquietthestrikersandtheir

supporters,theSenatequicklypassedthebillonJune22.ThebillpassedtheHousefourdayslaterandPresident

GroverClevelandsigneditintolawonJune28,1894.

TheholidayismoreinformationMayDaylaborcelebrations.Manyobserversrelaxathomeorheadto

outdoorrecreationalactivities,suchasboating,barbecues,andcamping.Itmayalsobemarkedwithfireworks

showsandotherevents.LaborDayhasalsobecomeassociatedwithretailsales,asmanyshopownerstrytotake

advantageofthecustomers'dayoff.Itisoneofthelargestsaleseventsoftheyear,meaningretailemployees

actuallyhavetoworkmoreonthisday.Paradesarethemostcommonmodelofcelebration,whichoftenfeature

processionsoflaborgroups.

45.Whatdoweknowabouttheworkersinthelate19thcentury?

A.Theywerepaidwell.B.Theyhadlongworkdays.

C.Theyoftenhadabarbecue.D.Theircontributionswererecognized.

46.Whichcanreplacetheunderlinedwords“putonhold“inparagraph3?

A.Putoff.B.Introduced.C.Gotthrough.D.Protected.

47.WhendidLaborDaybecomeanofficialholidaythroughoutAmerica?

A.OnMay1,1886.B.OnAugust22,1893.C.OnMay11,1894.D.OnJune28,1894.

48.What'sthelastparagraphmainlyabout?

A.TheoriginsofLaborDay.B,Thelaborgroupsachievements.

C.ThewaystocelebrateLaborDay.D.TheofficialactivitiesonLaborDay.

C

Itmightseemlikesomethingfromasciencefictionmovie,butscientiststodayareworkingonwaysto

combinecertainkindsofbacteriawithtinyrobots.Scientistswanttousethesecreationstoimprovethewaywe

givemedicaltreatment.Theyclaimthatdrugtherapy（疗法），diseasediagnosis,andevensurgerycouldbegreatly

aidedbytheuseofnanobiotechnology.Nano-means“tiny"，andbio-means“life”.Thistinytechnologywilluse

livingorganismsincombinationwithelectronics.

Electronicsmakersalreadyusetinyrobotstobuildcomplexbutverytinycircuits.Medicalscientistswantto

usetheserobotstorepairpatients*damagedorgansortodirectmedicinestoaffectspecificcells.Forexample,tiny

robotscouldbeengineeredtodeliverchemotherapy（化疗）directlytocancerinsteadoftotheentirebody.

Existingelectronicsaretherightsize,buttheylackpracticaluse.Robotsthatcanbebuiltsmallenoughto

enteraperson'scellswouldbetootinytomoveontheirown.Therefore,scientistswanttousetinyorganismssuch

asbacteriatoactasvehiclesfortherobots.Thebacteriawillbe“driven”throughthebloodstreambymagnetic

pulses（磁脉冲）.Oncethebacteriaareinthecorrectlocations,therobotswillbeabletodotheirjobs.Intheory,

theserobotswillcauselessdamagetothebodythantraditionalmethodsofdeliveringmedicinesorperforming

surgeries.

Nanobiotechnologyhasyettobeputintopractice,butmanypeoplealreadyhaveconcernsaboutitsuse.

Somepeopleworryabouttheethic（道德标准）involvedwithcontrollingliveorganisms一andthepossibleside

effectsfortheirhumanhosts.

49.Whatdoesthesecondparagraphmainlytalkabout?

A.Theapplicationoftinyrobots.B•Theinfluenceoftinyrobots.

C.Theoperationoftinyrobots,D.Theoriginoftinyrobots.50.Whichofthefollowingcouldbe

afuturebenefitofnanobiotechnology?

A.Cheapermedicine.B.Lessharmtothebody.

C.Longerlifeexpectancy.D.Fasterperformanceofsurgeries.

51.Accordingtothemedicalscientists,robots.

A.canlocatehebacteria.B.aredrivenbymedicine.

C.canactasvehicles.D.arecarriedbybacteria.

52.Wheredoesthetextprobablycomefrom?

A.AcomputertextbokB.Alifemagazine

C.AsciencemagazineD.Abiologytextbook

D

Mailcarrierswillbedeliveringsomegoodnewsandsomebadnewsthisweek.

Thebadnews:Stamppricesareexpectedtorise2centsinMayto41cents,thePostalRegulatory

Commissionannouncedyesterday.Thegoodnews:Withtheintroductionofauforeverstamp”,itmaybethelast

timeAmericanshavetouseannoying2-or3-centstampstomakeuppostagedifferences.

BeginninginMay,peoplewouldbeabletopurchasethestampsinbookletsof20attheregularrateofa

first-classstamp.Asthenameimplies,uforeverstamps”willkeeptheirfirst-classmailingvalueforever,even

whenthepostagerategoesup.

ThenewforeverstampvistheUnitedStatesPostalServiceJs(USPS)answertothecomplaintsabout

frequentrateincreases.TheMayincreasewillbethefifthinadecade.Postalrateshaverisenbecauseof

inflation(通货膨月长)，competitionfromonlinebillpaying,andtherisingcostsofemployeebenefits,including

healthcare,saysMarkSaunders,aspokesmanforUSPS.

TheUSPSexpectssomefinancialgainfromsalesoftheuforeverstamp”andthesavingsfromnotprinting

asmany2-or3-centstamps."It'snotyourgrandfatherJsstamp,“saysMrSaunders."Itcouldbeyour

great-grandchildren'sstamp.”

Othercountries,includingCanada,England,andFinlandusesimilarstamps.

DonSchilling,whohascollectedstampsfor50years,he'sinterestedinthepublic'sreaction."Thisisan

entirelynewclassofstamps,vMrSchillingsays.Headdsthathe,IIbuythestampsbecausehewillbeabletouse

themforalongperiodoftime,notbecausetheycouldmakehimrich-thevolumeprintedwillbetoolargefor

collectors."Wewon'tbeabletosendourkidstocollegeonthese,“hesays,laughing.

TheUSPSboardofgovernorshasyettoacceptthePostalRegulatoryCommission'sdecision,buttendsto

followitsrecommendations.Noplanshavebeenannouncedyetforthedesignofthestamps.

53.Themainpurposeofintroducingauforeverstamp"is.

A.toreducethecostofprinting2-or3-centstamps

B.tohelpsavetheconsumersJcostonfirst-classmailing

C.torespondtothecomplaintsaboutrisingpostalratesD.tocompetewithonlinebillpaying

54.Bysaying“Itcouldbeyourgreat-grandchildren'sstamp"，MrSaundersmeansthat“foreverstamps”

A.couldbecollectedbyone'sgreat-grandchildren

B.mightbeverypreciousingreat-grandchildren'shands

C.mighthavebeeninheritedfromone'sgreat-grandfathers

D.couldbeusedbyone*sgreat-grandchildrenevendecadeslater

55.Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtothepassage?

A.Theinvestmentin“foreverstamps”willbringadequatereward.

B.Americawillbethefirstcountrytoissueforeverstamps.

C.Thedesignofthe“foreverstamp“remainstoberevealed.

D.2-or3-centstampswillnolongerbeprintedinthefuture.

56.Whatcanbeconcludedfromthepassage?

A.With“foreverstamps”,therewillbenoneedtoworryaboutratechanges.

B.Postalworkerswillbenefitmostfromthesalesofuforeverstamps”.

C.Theinflationhasbecomeathreattothesalesoffirst-classstamps.

D.Newinterestwillbearousedincollectinguforeverstamps”.

第二节（共4小题；每小题2分，共8分）

阅读下面短文和问题，根据短文内容和每小题后的具体要求，写下相关信息，完成对该问题的回答。

Homealone:Areyouready?

DoyouknowthatintheUSalmosthalfofallkidsaged6to13arehomealoneforpartoftheday?Theboys

intheHomeAlonemoviescertainlyhavefun,butthewholeexperiencecanbefreakysometimes.Thesedays,even

alotofadultsarescaredtobealoneinthehouse!It'stotallyunderstandableifyouorsomeoneyouknoware

nervousaboutbeinghomealone.

TakeJessiandherbrotherJoeyasanexample.Foroverfiveyearsnow,theyJvebeentakingcareof

themselvesuntiltheirmumcomeshomefromwork.Jessisaysthattheworstthingaboutitiswhensheorher

brotherislockedout.Thentheyhavetowaitontheporchuntiltheothergetshome!Sometimes,bothofthemget

lockedout!Fortunately,theyeachhaveacellphonesotheycancalltheirmumwhenthathappens.

Yourparentsthinkyou,reready,butdoyou?

Atfirstitsoundscooltobehomealone,right?Thinkofthefreedomyou'dhavearoundthehouse!There's

nobodytostopyoufromplayingvideogamesorwatchingyourfavouriteTVshow!

JoeyadmitsthathelikesbeingabletowatchTVshowsorlistentomusichelikes."It'smorefreedom,“

hesays,“butit,salsomoreresponsibility.”

SothereyouarelisteningtothatCDyourparentshate.Thenwhat'sthat?Youhearanoiseoutside.Itsounds

likeitcouldbeapersononthefrontdoorstep,andthere'sbeenastringofrobberiesinthearealately.Suddenly,

yourunsupervised（没人监管的）freedomdoesn'tfeelsosafeanymore.

It'sanormalfeelinganditdoesn'tmeanyourea“baby”.There'salwaysstuffgoingonintheworld

toshakeourfeelingsofsecurity.Youmightfeeltotallyfineaboutbeingalonewhenyou're10.Then,twoyears

later,somethinghappensthatmakesyoufeeldifferentaboutit.Everypersonandeveryhomeenvironmentis

unique.

Ifyouhavewoniesaboutbeinghomealone,it'sreallyimportanttospeakoutaboutthem,eventhoughit

maycostmoneytogetasitteroryourparenthastorearrangehisorherschedule.

57.WhatwillJessiandJoeydoifbothofthemgetlockedout?(nomorethan6words)

58.What,sthemainideaofParagraph4?(nomorethan6words)

59.Pleasedecidewhichpartisfalseinthefollowingstatement,thenunderlineitandexplainwhy.

Itisalwayscooltobehomealone—freedomyou'dhavearoundthehouse!There'snobodytostopyou

fromplayinggamesorwatchingyourfavouriteTVshow.

60.Whatwillyoudowhenyouarealoneathome?(About40words.)

四、书面表达(共1小题，20分)

61.你是校学生会主席，你校将为高中生举办一个国际文化交流展览，活动将持续一周，并有海外学

生和教师来校参加。本次活动开幕式将以展示中国文化开始，请你在开幕式上发言，致欢迎辞并介绍开幕

式活动和意义。

内容包括：1.致欢迎辞；2.介绍开幕式活动。

注意：1.词数80左右；2.适当增加细节，以使行文连贯.

Dearteachersandstudents,

2022年12月北京普通高中学业水平合格性考试英语仿真模拟试卷C

（参考答案）

一、听力理解（共25小题；每小题1分，共25分）

略。

二、完形填空（共15小题；每小题1分，共15分）

【答案】

26.A27.D28.D29.C30.A

31.D32.B33.B34.A35.A

36.D37.D38.C39.B40.C

【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。作者因为没有参加申请的全国IT竞赛而感到沮丧。爷爷鼓励作者，以积

极的态度对待失败，最终会达到自己的目标。作者意识到我们应该与我们所爱的人分享我们生活中的挫折

和进步，这会受益终生。

26.考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我虚弱而绝望地上了楼。A.weak弱的；B.strong强壮的；C.sweet

甜的；D.simple简单的。根据上句"IwasfrustratedatnotbeingenteredintothenationalITcompetitionI'd

appliedfor.（我申请参加的全国IT大赛没有被选中，这让我很沮丧）”因为没能参加比赛心情沮丧，所以是虚

弱而绝望地上楼。故选A。

27.考查名词词义辨析。句意：他非常激动地等着我的到来。A.suggestion建议；B.comment评论；

C.discovery发现；D.arrival到达。根据上句“Grandpa'sdoorwasopenformeasusual.（爷爷的门像往常一

样为我开着）”可知，指爷爷在那里，非常激动地等待着我的到来。故选D。

28.考查动词词义辨析。句意：我静静地站着，强颜欢笑来掩饰我的悲伤。A.tear撕开；B.sigh叹息；

C.signal发信号；D.smile微笑。根据后句“covermysadness（掩盖我的悲伤）”可知，我强颜欢笑来掩饰我

的悲伤。故选D。

29.考查动词词义辨析。句意：他似乎立刻读懂了我，给了我一个拥抱。A.ignore忽视；B.inspect检

查；C.read阅读，读懂；D.order命令。根据后句“givingmea（给了我一个拥抱）”可知，

指爷爷似乎马上就看穿了我，给了我一个拥抱。故选C。

30.考查名词词义辨析。句意见上题解析。A.hug拥抱；B.pride臼豪；C.challenge挑战；D.wish愿

望。根据上句“Heseemedtomeimmediately（他似乎立刻看穿了我）”爷爷看穿了我之后，给了我

一个拥抱，以此来安慰我。故选A。

31.考查动词词义辨析。句意：直到那时，我的情绪才开始流露出来。A.dying死；B.turning旋转；

C.checking核对；D.pouring倾泻。根据上文“Istoodsilently,forcingatocovermysadness.（我静静地

站着，强颜欢笑来掩饰我的悲伤）”可知，直到那时我的情绪才开始流露出来。故选D。

32.考查名词词义辨析。句意：我告诉他我所有的努力都白费了，我感到灰心丧气。A.offers提议；

B.efforts努力；C.promises许诺；D.profits利润。根据上文“Iwasfrustratedatnotbeingenteredintothenational

ITcompetitionIJdappliedfor.（我申请参加的全国IT大赛没有被选中，这让我很沮丧）”此处指我告诉爷爷，

参加比赛所有的努力都白费了，因此我感到灰心丧气。故选B。

33.考查副词词义辨析。句意：爷爷温柔地对我笑着说：别担心。你比你想象的要强大得多。A.generally

普遍地；B.gently温柔地：C.suddenly突然地：D.freshly精神饱满地。根据"Don'tworry.You（refarstronger

thanyouthink.（别担心。你比你想象的要强大得多）”可知，爷爷温柔地笑着对我说这些话来鼓励我。故选

Bo

34.考查动词词义辨析。句意：然后他补充道：生活充满了起起落落，所以我们需要做的是仍然有我

们的希望和欲望，忽略容易让我们放弃的焦虑。A.added增加；B.shared分享；C.helped帮助；D.served

服务。根据后文“"Lifecanbefullofupsanddownssowhatweneeddoistostillhaveourhopesanddesires,

ignoringtheanxietythatmakesiteasytogiveup.（生活充满了起起落落，所以我们需要做的是仍然有我们的希

望和期望，忽略容易让我们放弃的焦虑）”可知，这些话是爷爷补充说的内容，故选A。

35.考查动词词义辨析。句意：我坚信你有能力取得成功。A.convinced使确信；B.believed相信；C.

expected期吩；D.changed改变。根据后文"thatyouhavetheabilitytosucceed（你有能力取得成功）"可知，

爷爷坚信我有能力成功。故选A。

36.考查动词词义辨析。句意:爷爷的鼓励很快使我的悲伤消失了。A.arise出现，上升；B.prevent阻

止；C.continue继续；D.disappear消失。根据"Grandpa'sencouragement（爷爷的鼓励）”可知，爷爷的鼓

励很快使我伤心消失了，我有了信心。故选D。

37.考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：第二天，我考虑了我所有的问题并制定了一个计划。A.turnedinto

使变成；B.cameacross碰巧；C.caredabout关心；D.workedout制定出，锻炼。根据上句"Ithoughtaboutall

myproblems（我思考了所有的问题）”可知，我思考了所有的问题并制定了一个计划。故选D。

38.考查副词词义辨析。句意：我最终会达到我的目标。A.merely仅仅；B.actually事实上：C.eventually

最后；D.instantly立亥！|。根据"Now,Ibelievethatwithapositiveattitudetowardsfailure（现在，我相信用积极

的态度对待失败）”可知，现在我相信，以积极的态度对待失败，我最终会达到我的目标。故选C。

39.考查形容词词义辨析。句意：回顾过去，我意识到我们应该与我们所爱的人分享我们在生活中的

挫折和进步。A.deserved值得的；B.beloved心爱的；C.determined坚决的；D.excited兴奋的。根据上文

uGrandpasmiledatmeandsaid,"Don'tworry.You,refarstrongerthanyouthink."Thenhe

,“Lifecanbefullofupsanddownssowhatweneeddoistostillhaveourhopesanddesires,ignoring

theanxietythatmakesiteasytogiveup（爷爷温柔地对我笑着说：别担心。你比你想象的要强大得多。然后他

补充道：生活充满了起起落落，所以我们需要做的是仍然有我们的希望和欲望，忽略容易让我们放弃的焦

虑）”从和爷爷分享自己的挫折可知，我意识到我们应该与我们所爱的人分享我们生活中的挫折和进步。故

选B»

40.考查名词词义辨析。句意：家庭成员的支持将使我们永远受益。A.company公司；B.gratitude感

激；C.support支持；D.blame责备。根据后句"ofourfamilymembers（我们的家庭成员）”可知，家人的支

持使我们永远受益。故选C。三、阅读理解（共两节，40分）

【答案】41.A42.C43.D44.B

【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要讲述了怀旧的好处。

41.细节理解题。根据第二段"Somepsychologistswamthattoomuchdevotiontotheso-calledgoodold

daysisanescapefromreality;itcanindicatelonelinessorthatapersonishavingadifficulttimecopinginthe

present.PsychologistStephanieCoontzarguesthatnostalgiadistractsusfromaddressingtheproblemsofmodern

lifeandcontributestoanxiety,depression,insomniaetc.”（一些心理学家警告说，过于沉迷于所谓的美好过去

是对现实的逃避；它可以表示孤独，或者一个人现在很难应对现状。心理学家StephanieCoontz认为，怀旧

会分散我们对现代生活问题的关注，并导致焦虑、抑郁、失眠等。）可知，一些心理学家认为怀旧会产生一

些心理问题。故选A项。

42.细节理解题。根据第三段“Recallingourchildhoodremindsusof"thetimeswhenwewereaccented

andlovedunconditionally,"saysKrystineBatcho,apsychologist."（心理学家KrystineBatcho说，回忆我们的

童年会让我们想起“我们被无条件地爱的时候”。）可知，回忆童年并不会让我们获得关注。所以C项不是

怀旧的好处，其余三项在第三段中都有提及。故选C项。

43.推理判断题。根据最后一段"Butatthesametime,keepthesewordsofwisdomfromthegreatinventor

CharlesKetteringinmindaswell,“Youcan'thaveabettertomorrowifyouarethinkingaboutyesterdayallthe

time.""（但与此同时，也要记住伟大发明家查尔斯•凯特林的这句至理名言：“如果你一直想着昨天，就不

会有更好的明天。”）可知，下文应该会讲述过度怀旧的不利方面。故选D项。

44.推理判断题。根据第三段"Butnewstudiessuggestthatamodestdoseofnostalgiaisnotonlyharmless,

butactuallybeneficial."（但新的研究表明，适度的怀旧不仅是无害的，而且实际上是有益的。）以及全文从

几个方面阐述了怀旧的好处，所以作者意在向大家说明怀旧的好处。故选B项。

【答案】45.B46.A47.D48.C

【分析】本文是说明文。主要介绍了美国劳动节的历史。

45.细节理解题。根据第2段第2句"Inmanyplaces,workerstoiledforatleast12hoursadaysixdaysa

weekinmines,factories,railroads,andmills.w（在许多地方，工人们在矿山、工厂、铁路和磨坊里每周工作

六天，每天至少工作12个小时。）可知，工人们每天至少工作12个小时，每周工作六天。他们的工作日很

长。故选B项。

46.词义猜测题。根据第3段的“InAugust1893,JamesKyleintroducedfederallegislation（立法）tomake

LaborDayapublicholiday”（在1893年8月，詹姆斯•凯尔提出联邦立法，将劳动节定为公共假日）和下文

"Toquietthestrikersandtheirsupporters,theSenatequicklypassedthebillonJune22.（为了平息罢工者和他们

的支持者，参议院在6月22日迅速通过了该法案）”可知，前文说8月份提出联邦立法，后文为了平息罢工，

迅速通过了法案，but转折，由此可推知，这项立法议案被搁置了10个月，划线部分与A项“推迟”意思

相近。故选A项。47.细节理解题。根据第3段最后一句"ThebillpassedtheHousefourdayslaterandPresident

GroverClevelandsigneditintolawonJune28,1894.（该法案于四天后在众议院通过，并于1894年6月28日

由格罗弗•克利夫兰总统签署成为法律。）”可知，美国总统GroverCleveland在1894年6月28日签署了美

国的劳动节法案。自此，LaborDay成为一个官方节日。故选D项。

48.主旨大意题。根据最后一段"Manyobserversrelaxathomeorheadtooutdoorrecreationalactivities,

suchasboating,barbecues,andcamping"（许多观察者在家里放松或前往户外娱乐活动，如划船、烧烤和露营。）

以及uParadesarethemostcommonmodelofcelebration,whichoftenfeatureprocessionsoflaborgroups.”（游

行是最常见的庆祝方式，通常是劳工组织的游行。）可知，该段主要介绍了人们庆祝劳动节的各种方式。故

选C项。

【答案】49.A50.D51.D52.C

【导语】本文是说明文。文章主要讲述科学家们正在研究将一些细菌和微型机器人结合起来的方法。

49.主旨大意题。根据第二段“Electronicsmakersalreadyusetinyrobotstobuildcomplexbutverytiny

circuits.Medicalscientistswanttousetheserobotstorepairpatients'damagedorgansortodirectmedicinesto

affectspecificcells."（电子产品制造商已经使用微型机器人来制造复杂但非常微小的电路。医疗科学家们想

用这些机器人来修理病人们受损的器官或者直接药物影响特定细胞。）可知，这一段主要讲述了微型机器人

在电子产品和医学方面的应用。故选A。

50.推理判断题。根据第一段uScientistswanttousethesecreationstoimprove