水质工程学智慧树知到期末考试答案章节答案2024年哈尔滨工业大学

水质工程学智慧树知到期末考试答案+章节答案2024年哈尔滨工业大学Whenhigh-strengthretentionofNaClwithahigherconcentrationisrequired,areverseosmosismembraneisthebestchoice.Whenlowconcentration,divalentions,andsoluteswithamolecularweightof500toseveralthousandarerequiredforrejection,nanofiltrationmembranesarethebestchoice.()

答案:对Thecolloidalparticlesarechargedbyadsorbingions,sotheyareoftenunstableinwater.()

答案:错Accordingtothealleviationofmembranefoulingbyhydraulicallycleaning,membranefoulingisdividedintotwocategories:reversiblefoulingandirreversiblefouling.Irreversiblemembranefoulingcanbeeliminatedbyphysicalcleaning.()

答案:错Ionscandissolveinliquidwaterbecauseofion-dipolebondsbetweenionsandwater.()

答案:对Besidesdrinkingwaterdisinfection,chlorinedioxidecanalsobeappliedforsewagetreatment.()

答案:对Onlystableandnontoxicmaterialscanbeusedasadsorbentsindrinkingwatertreatment.（）

答案:对Inverticallyrotationalflowofsludgeseparationofinclinedplatesedimentationtank,sludgeseparationzoneissetattheboundaryofthesedimentationzone,wheresludgeisseparatedbyrotationalside-flow.Thesettlingofsludgeinseparationzoneisnotaffectedbythewaterflow,sothesettledsludgewillnotbedisturbed.()

答案:对TheadsorptionkineticsofPACismuchfasterthanthoseofGAC,however,PACmaypenetratethefilter.（）

答案:对FreechlorineincludesCl2,HOCl,

andOCI-,andtheeffectoffreechlorinedisinfectionismuchhigherthanthatofcompoundchlorine,butlesssustainable.()

答案:对Foractivatedcarbon,theprocessofadsorptioncanbedividedintofoursteps:solutiontransport,filmdiffusion,porediffusion,andadsorption.Inwatertreatment,filmdiffusiontransportorporetransportisusuallytheratelimitingstep.()

答案:对Whentheincludedanglebetweeninclinedtube/plateandhorizontalplaneincreases,theareaofthehorizontalprojectionplaneandthesettlingefficiencywillincrease.()

答案:错Nitrobenzeneandalcoholcaninteractwithwatermolecularthroughhydrogenbond,whichincreasestheirsolubility.()

答案:对Streamingcurrentdetector(SCD)monitorstheperformanceofcoagulationprocessbymeasuringthezetapotentialdirectly.()

答案:错Adsorbentisthesubstanceontowhichtheadsorbateisaccumulated,anditcanbesolid,liquidorgas.（）

答案:对Dilutionmostlyprovidescompleterecoveryoftheoriginalwaterquality.()

答案:错Hydrophobicparticlescanattachtotheairbubblemoretightly.Therefore,airflotationissuitablefortheremovalofhydrophobicparticles.()

答案:对ActivatedcarboncanbesortedintoGACandPACaccordingtotheirparticlesizes.()

答案:对Inmechanicallyacceleratedclarifier,theflowofrecycledsludgeisfourtofivetimesthevalueoftheinfluent.()

答案:对Nanofiltrationcanbeusedtosoftenandpurifywater,aswellastheseparationandpurificationoftherawwaterwithsubstancessuchasdyes,antibiotics,peptides,andpolysaccharides.()

答案:对Wetoxidationregenerationneedshightemperatureandpressure.（）

答案:对AllDBPscanberemovedbyboilingwater.()

答案:错Thedosageofchlorineisdeterminedaccordingtotherequirementthat0.05mg/Lresidualchlorineshouldberemainedattheendofthewaterplant(GB5749-2006).()

答案:错H2O

molecularhasasymmetricstructureanddipolarcharacter.()

答案:对TheappliedtransversesurfacecleaninginV-shapedfiltermayincreasetheamountofbackwashingwater.()

答案:错Theheadlossoftubular-mixingislow.()

答案:对Theefficiencyofcoagulationprocessisnotgoodduringtheconditionoflowtemperature,because().

答案:theviscosityofwaterishigh,sotheBrownianmotionisweak,makingitdifficultforcolloidstoaggregate###thehydrationofcolloidalparticlesisenhanced,whichhindersthecoagulationprocess###coagulantswillnothydrolyzecompletelyGenerally,thecleaningofmembranecanbedividedintotwocategories:().

答案:Physicalcleaning###ChemicalcleaningTheadvantagesofpolyaluminumchlorideare().

答案:largeandheavyparticles;highsettlingvelocity###lessalkalinityconsumption###lowdosage(about1/2-1/3ofthealuminumsulfatedosage)###strongadaptabilitytovariouswaterbodiesandawideoptimalpHrangeTheapplicationofairflotationinwatertreatmentmainlyincludes（）.

答案:sludgethickening###algaeladenwatertreatment###oilwastewatertreatmentVelocitygradientcanbegeneratedby().

答案:Mechanicalmixing###Consumptionofthepotentialenergyofwater(i.e.waterhead)Themainreasonsforthedecreaseofmembranefluxare().

答案:Concentrationpolarization###MembranefoulingNegativewaterheadwillnotoccurinthefollowingrapidfilterlistedbelow().

答案:Valvelessfilter###SiphonfilterWhichofthefollowingstatementsaretrueaboutthemethodofactivatedcarbonapplication：（）

答案:Membranefiltrationtechnologiessuchasultrafiltrationcanbeusedafterozone-activatedcarbonprocesstoensurethebiosecurityofdrinkingwater.###Granularactivatedcarboncanbeusedindividuallyafterfiltration.###Activatedcarboncanbeusedtoalleviatemembranefouling.###Granularactivatedcarboncanbecombinedwithozoneorpermanganate.Thefunctionsofpre-oxidationinclude：()

答案:Destroytheprecursorsofdisinfectionby-products.###Removeodorcompounds,plankton,color,etc.###Enhancecoagulation.###Alleviateorganism.Coagulationoperationalindexesinclude().

答案:GTvalue###GTCVvalue###GvalueThepollutantsduringwatersocialcirculationusuallycontain:()

答案:Gaspollutantssuchasnitrogenoxides.###Radioactivesubstancesandpathogenicmicroorganisms.###Organicmattersandnutrients.###Heavymetalions.Theconsequencesofunevenwaterdistributioninclude（）.

答案:Theparticlesofthelocalsupportlayerwillmoveandmixwiththefiltermedia,andthefiltermediawillrunoffunderthissituationifalargeamountofunevenbackwashwatercomesthrough###"mudball"or"mudcake"willform,whichcancauseashort-circuitingphenomenonduringfiltrationWhichofthefollowingtechnologiescanbeusedindrinkingwaterdisinfection：()

答案:Hydrogenperoxide###Permanganate###Ozone###ChlorineWhichofthefollowingstatementsaretrueaboutozonation：()

答案:Ozonecanalsohavenegativeeffectoncoagulationinsomesituations.###Ozonecandecomposeintohydroxylradicalswhichindirectlyinteractwithorganicpollutantsinwater.###Ozonecaneffectivelyconvertsolublesubstancesintoinsolubleoxidesandprecipitateoutofthewater.Thetwooperationmodelsofthemicrofiltrationprocessare().

答案:Cross-FlowFiltration###Dead-EndFiltrationThesaltcontentinseawaterismainly:(

)

答案:NaClPolyaluminumispreparedbyaddingalkaliintothealuminumsalts,andthenspecieswith()arepreformed,whichhavegreatabilitytocompressdoublelayer.

答案:highchargeandlowdegreeofpolymerizationWhichofthefollowingstatementsisfalseaboutthewaterqualityindicators:()

答案:Chemicalindicatorsareunrelatedtothesensorypropertiesofwater.Theadsorptionkineticsofpowderedactivatedcarbon(PAC)is(),anditis()toregenerate.Theadsorptionkineticsofgranularactivatedcarbon(GAC)is(),anditis()toregenerate.（）

答案:fast;moredifficult;slow;easierWhichofthefollowingstatementisfalseaboutzeolite,diatomaceousearthandflyash：（）

答案:Zeoliteisanonpolaradsorbentlikeactivatedcarbon.Inrecentyears,()hasplayedanimportantroleinseawaterdesalination.

答案:ReverseosmosismembraneThecommonadsorbentsusedindrinkingwatertreatmentexceptactivatedcarboninclude：（

）①kaolin;②bentonite;③activatedalumina;④zeolite;⑤resin

答案:①②③④⑤Whichofthefollowingstatementisfalseaboutthepreparationofactivatedcarbon：（）

答案:Theprocessofpreparingactivatedcarbonmainlycontainstwosteps:carbonizationandactivation.Whichofthefollowingitemisnottheusualfeatureofriverwater:()

答案:StablewaterqualityWhichofthefollowingstatementsisfalse:()

答案:Colloidsareallinorganicmatters.Whichofthefollowingisnotaneffectivemeasuretoreducetheresistanceofconcentrationpolarization?()

答案:ToreducethetemperatureoffeedwaterWhichofthefollowingisnotafeatureofmembraneseparationtechnology?()

答案:LonglifespanMicrofiltration(MF),ultrafiltration(UF)andreverseosmosis(RO)areallseparationprocessesthatutilizepressuredifferenceasthedrivingforcetomakesolvent(water)passthroughthemembrane.Ingeneral,whatistheorderofthemolecularsizesretainedbyMF,UFandRO?()

答案:MF＞UF＞ROIngeneralfiltrationoperations,thecakelayerisactuallythemainfiltermediainsteadofthemembraneitself.()

答案:对Thefiltrationrateisconstantunderconstant-pressurefiltrationmode.()

答案:错Thechemicalsandmaterialsusedinwatertreatmentcanbetheprecursorsofdisinfectionby-products.()

答案:对80℃watersprayisusuallyemployedtopromotetheevaporationofchlorine.()

答案:错Usually,ozoneandchlorinedioxidearemuchmoreeffectivethanchlorine,whilechloramineisaweakerdisinfectantcomparedwithchlorine.()

答案:对Securityprotectionsforchlorineleakageincludepositive-pressurechlorineabsorptionequipmentandnegative-pressurechlorineabsorptionequipment.Limeorreductantscanalsobeusedtoadsorbchlorine.()

答案:对Ozonepre-oxidationcanenhancecoagulationthroughdestroyingtheorganiccoatingonthesurfaceofinorganicmatters.()

答案:对Insorptionprocess,filmdiffusiontransportorporetransportisusuallytheratelimitingstep.()

答案:对Activatedcarboncanreactwithwatertreatmentagentssuchascoagulantsanddisinfectants.()

答案:对Langmuirisothermassumesthatallsurfacesiteshaveequalactivity,whichmeansadsorptionenergyisindependentoftheextentofsurfacecoverageθ.()

答案:对Indrinkingwatertreatment,activatedcarboncanberegeneratedbyorganicsolventextraction,suchasmethanol,ethanol,benzene,acetone,andether.()

答案:错Addinggranularactivatedcarboninintakestructurecanextendcontactingtime.()

答案:错Supportinglayerinthefiltercanalsocontributetotheuniformdistributionofwatertosomeextent.()

答案:对Thebiofilminslowsandfiltrationhasnegativeeffectonwaterqualitybecauseitmayincreasetheloadofdisinfection.（）

答案:错Thenegativewaterheadwillnotappearin()process(es)?

答案:Valvelessfilter###SiphonfilterTheeffectiveparticlesizeoffiltermediareferstotheparticlesizeoffiltermedialessthan()percentofthetotalweightafterscreening.

答案:10Theexpansionrateofsingle-layerquartzsandisusuallyabout40%-45%.()

答案:对θpresentsthecontactangleofwateronthesolidsurface.Whichofthepollutant(s)withthefollowingvalueofthecontactanglecannotberemovedbyairflotationprocess.()

答案:θ=85°###θ=1°Thefeedwaterwillgointotheupperpartofthesedimentationtankunderthecaseofdensitycurrentofhighturbidwater,leadingtothedeteriorationoftheeffluentquality.（）

答案:错Whichofthefollowingmeasurecouldnotimprovethesettlingefficiencyinsedimentationtank?()

答案:ToincreasetheflowrateWhichofthefollowingmethodscanrecovertheadsorptioncapacityofsludgeinclarifierprocess?()

答案:Tocirculatethesludgebyawaterjet###Tocirculatethesludgemechanically###TogenerateapulsetobreakthelargeflocsThereisanineffectivezoneexistsintheinclinedtube/platesedimentationtank.Theineffectivezonewouldincreaseifthesettlingzoneissmallinthetank.()

答案:对Increasingionicstrengthwouldcompresstheelectricdoublelayerandincreasethestabilityofthecolloid.()

答案:错GvalueandGTvalueareemployedtodesigncoagulationtanks,becausetheycandescribethecoagulationprocesscomprehensively.()

答案:错Therearemanywaysfor