15.考古发现(解析版)

15.考古发现一、阅读理解1NewdiscoveriesattheSanxingduiRuinssiteinGuanghan,SichuanProvincedrewtheworld’sattention.OnMarch20,Chinesearchaeologists（考古学家）announcedthattheyhadfoundmorethan500culturalrelics（文物）insixnewpitsatthesite,datingbackabout3,000years.Sofar,archaeologistshaveuneartheddifferentimportantculturalrelicsfromfourofthepits,includingpiecesofgoldmasks,goldfoil（箔）,bronzemasks,bronzetreesandlargenumbersofivories.In1986,alargenumberofculturalrelicswerediscoveredinNo.1andNo.2pits.TheSanxingduiRuins,whichwerefirstdiscoveredin1929,arebelievedtobetheremainsoftheancientShuKingdom.Thekingdomwasacenterofcivilization（文明）alongtheupperreachesofYangtzeRiver.ThediscoveryofSanxingduiraisedanimportantquestionabouttheoriginsofChinesecivilization.TheancientShucivilizationthatbuiltSanxingduiisbelievedtobeoneoftheearliestexamplesofChinesecivilization.Thesite,alongwiththeLiangzhuandShijiahesitesalongtheYangtzeRiver,showsthatthebirthplaceofChinesecivilizationmightnothavebeenonlyalongtheYellowRiverBasininnorthChina.Thenewly—discoveredculturalrelicsaresimilartothosefoundin1986,astheyalsoincludebronzetreesandbronzemasks.Theyfurthersupporttheideathatthepitswereusedforsacrificialpurposes.Newkindsofculturalrelicshavealsobeendugup.Forexample,expertsfoundtwosquarezun（尊）,akindofancientbronzejarthatwasusedforholdingwaterorwine.Theyalsofoundcong（琮）—ajadeitemcommonlyfoundatthe5,000—year—oldLiangzhuArchaeologicalRuinsinZhejiangProvince.“TheseartifactsshowthattheSanxingduiRuinssitehadacloseconnectionwithCentralChina,butitalsomarksanoriginalancientcivilizationinSichuanwithstrongcreativity,”saidChenXiandan,amemberoftheprojectwhoalsotookpartinthe1986excavation（发掘）.1.WhatdoweknowabouttheculturalrelicsfoundattheSanxingduiRuinssiterecently?A.Mostoftheculturalrelicsweremadeofgold. B.Theywerefoundinthesamepit.C.Theywerecreatedabout3,000yearsago. D.Theywereusedforcelebrationceremonies.2.ThenewdiscoveryofSanxingduishowsthatChinesecivilization________.A.startedearlierthanwasbelievedbefore. B.mighthaveseveraldifferentorigins.C.wascenteredalongtheYangtzeRiver. D.developedfromtheancientShucivilization.3.Theunderlineword“connection”inthelastparagraphprobablymeans________.A.relation B.similarity C.influence D.usage4.What’sthepassagemainlyabout?A.AncientcivilizationinSichuan. B.AncientculturalrelicsatSanxingdui.C.NewdiscoveriesatSanxingdui. D.IntroductiontoSanxingduiRuinssite.【答案】1.C2.B3.A4.C【解析】本文是一篇新闻报道。中国考古学家宣布，在中国西南部的三星堆遗址有一些新的重大发现，有助于发现中国文明的另一个起点。1.细节理解题。根据第一段“OnMarch20,Chinesearchaeologistsannouncedthattheyhadfoundmorethan500culturalrelicsinsixnewpitsatthesite,datingbackabout3,000years.”可知，文物可以追溯到大约3000年前。故选C。2.推理判断题。根据第四段“Thesite,alongwiththeLiangzhuandShijiahesitesalongtheYangtzeRiver,showsthatthebirthplaceofChinesecivilizationmightnothavebeenonlyalongtheYellowRiverBasininnorthChina.”可知，该遗址与长江沿岸的良渚和石家河遗址一起表明，中华文明的发源地可能不仅仅是中国北部的黄河流域。据此可推断，中国文明可能有几个不同的起源。故选B。3.词句猜测题。根据“TheseartifactsshowthattheSanxingduiRuinssitehadacloseconnectionwithCentralChina,butitalsomarksanoriginalancientcivilizationinSichuanwithstrongcreativity”可知，这些文物表明，三星堆遗址与中原地区有着密切的联系，但也标志着四川具有强大创造力的原始古文明。relation联系；similarity相似点；influence影响；usage用法。因此“connection”与“relation”同义。故选A。4.主旨大意题。根据文中第一段“NewdiscoveriesattheSanxingduiRuinssiteinGuanghan,SichuanProvincedrewtheworld’sattention.”可知，本文主要讲述了三星堆的新发现。故选C。2Whatdoyouwanttobewhenyougrowup?ZhongFangrongcouldhavechosenanycollegemajorshewanted.ThisgirlfromHunangotoneofthehighestgaokaoscoresinthecountrythisyear.Butshechosearchaeology,oneoftheleastpopularmajorsinChina.Herchoicehasledtoheateddiscussiononline.SomepeoplethinkZhongmadeapoorchoice.Theysayshe’llhaveahardtimefindingajob.Butothershavesupportedher,sayingthatpeopleshouldnotchoosetheirmajorsbasedonlyonpracticalreasons.Themostpopularmajorsnowadaysseemtobepracticalones–thatis,majorsthatwillleadtolotsofhigh-payingjobs.Majoringinartsorhumanitiesseemstobediscouraged.IntheUS,therearestereotypesaboutAsianandJewishparentspressuringtheirkidstobecomedoctorsandlawyers,astheseprofessionsearnalotofmoney.However,everyonehasadifferentreasonforpickingamajor.I,forinstance,chosetostudyatthesameuniversitythatmyfavoriteEnglishteacherstudiedat.Itistruethatsomemajors,suchasphilosophyandpoetry,areseenasunpracticalintheUS.Butsomestudentspickthemanyway.Infact,somestudentstrytwooreventhreedifferentmajorsuntiltheyfindtherightfit.Journalismwasmychoiceintheend.SometimesIwonderhowmylifemighthaveturnedoutifI’dchosendifferently.Butsofar,itseemslikeitwastherightchoice.5.ZhongFangrongchose________ashermajor.A.archaeology B.education C.law D.arts6.Somepeopledidn’tsupportZhongbecause________.A.hermajorwasdifficulttolearnB.findingajobwasdifficultforherC.shedidn’thavehigh-payingjobsD.shedidn’tlikehermajor7.Accordingtotheauthor,________canbeapopularmajor.A.archaeology B.artsC.humanities D.law8.WhydoparentspressuretheirkidstobecomedoctorsandlawyersintheUS?A.Becausetheyarepopular.B.Becausetheycanearnalotofmoney.C.Becausetheirkidscanhavelow-payingjobs.D.Becausetheyareeasytolearn.9.Theauthor’smajoris________.A.archaeology B.artsC.medicalscience D.journalism【答案】5.A6.B7.D8.B9.D【解析】本篇是一篇议论文。文章通过作者在内的一些学生选择大学专业的例子探讨了大学专业的选择，有些人可能因为喜欢的老师而选择同样的专业，有些人可能因为就业前景好而选择某个专业，有些人仅仅因为自己喜欢而选择看起来并不适合就业的专业。5.细节理解题。根据“Butshechosearchaeology,oneoftheleastpopularmajorsinChina.”可知，ZhongFangrong选择考古学作为她的专业。故选A。6.推理判断题。根据第一、二段的描述可知，考古学在中国是不受欢迎的专业，就业很困难，由此可推断有些人不支持她的决定是因为考古学很难就业。故选B。7.细节理解题。根据“Majoringinartsorhumanitiesseemstobediscouraged.”和“IntheUS,therearestereotypesaboutAsianandJewishparentspressuringtheirkidstobecomedoctorsandlawyers,astheseprofessionsearnalotofmoney.”可知，律师工资高，是热门专业。故选D。8.细节理解题。根据“IntheUS,therearestereotypesaboutAsianandJewishparentspressuringtheirkidstobecomedoctorsandlawyers,astheseprofessionsearnalotofmoney.”可知，父母迫使他们的孩子成为医生和律师是因为这些职业可以挣很多钱。故选B。9.细节理解题。根据“Journalismwasmychoiceintheend.”可知，作者的专业是新闻学。故选D。3OnApril18th—theInternationalDayforMonumentsandSites,ChinaDaily’sdigitalemployeeYuanxiandDunhuangMogaoGrottoes’officialvirtual（虚拟的)cartoonfigureJiayaotogetherintroducedaninteractivedigitalplatform(数字化互动平台)thathostsavirtualcopyoftheMogaoGrottoes’LibraryCavetotheworld.TheplatformwasdevelopedjointlybytheDunhuangAcademyandtheChinesetechfirmTencent.ItusesgamingtechnologiestoshowthehistoricalscenesoftheLibraryCaveinthedigitalworld.TheLibraryCaveinMogaoGrottoeswasdiscoveredin1900,withmorethan60,000culturalrelicsdatingfromthe4thcenturytothe11thcenturyunearthed.Itwasoneofthemostimportantarchaeologicaldiscoveriesinthe20thcentury.Ontheplatform,visitorscanrole-playand“timetravel”toancientdynastiesandtalkwitheighthistoricalfigures.ThepubliccanentertheplatformthroughtheDigitalDunhuangwebsiteanditsWeChatminiprogram.Inthedigitalage,themodelof“culture+technology”hasbeenadoptedtopromote(促进)thedevelopmentofChineseculture.ThedigitalizationrateofChina’spreciousculturalrelicshasbeenmorethan70percent,accordingtothe2022ChinaDigitalCollectionIndustryResearchReportreleasedbyiResearch.Institutions(机构)suchasthePalaceMuseumhavealsolaunchedonlinedigitalservicesoftheirown.Artificialintelligence(AI)technologyallowsthepublictoviewtheinteriorofthebuildingsthroughthePalaceMuseum’sWeChatminiprogram.TheMinistryofCultureandTourismhasalsoencouragedthedevelopmentandtransformation(转型)ofculturalintellectualpropertybydigitalmeans.ChinaCentralTelevisionhascreatedaseriesofdigitalcollectionswithdifferentDunhuangthemes,suchastheDunhuangdivinedeerYouyou.Itwascreatedbasedontheimageofthenine-coloreddeerfromDunhuangmurals.ThepubliccanseethedivinedeeronCCTV’sowndigitalplatform.Digitalcollectionscaterto(迎合)theconsumptionhabitsofyoungpeople.TheynotonlyprotecttheintellectualpropertyofthecollectionsbutalsobringthepublicclosertoChina’s“excellenttraditionalculture”,notedDunhuangArtInstitute.SuBomin,directoroftheDunhuangAcademy,toldXinhuathatmoreeffortswillbemadetoexplorenewformsforshowingculturalrelicsandofferthepublicmoreimmersiveculturalexperiencestodevelopDunhuangculture.10.OntheinteractivedigitalplatformfortheMogaoGrottoes’LibraryCave,visitorscan________.A.playrole-playinggamessetinancienttimesB.playvideogamesnamedhistoricalcharactersC.designdigitalcavesshowinghistoricalcultureD.talktothedesignerofthedigitalLibraryCave11.Whatisthepurposeofdevelopingdigitalplatformsforculturalinstitutions?A.Toshowthelatestgamingtechnologies.B.Tohelpculturalinstitutionsmakemoney.C.TopromotethedevelopmentofChineseculture.D.Toencouragepeopletoexplorenewformsofdigitalcollections.12.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.PresentingDigitalCollections B.ExperiencingHistoryOnlineC.CreatingMiniPrograms D.IntroducingGamingTechnologies【答案】10.A11.C12.B【解析】本文主要介绍了一个互动数字平台，它向世界展示了莫高窟图书馆洞穴的虚拟副本。介绍了人们可以在平台上做的事情，以及传统文化数字化的重要性。10.细节理解题。根据“Ontheplatform,visitorscanrole-playand‘timetravel’toancientdynastiesandtalkwitheighthistoricalfigures.”可知，游客可以角色扮演和“穿越”到古代朝代，并与八位历史人物交谈，故选A。11.细节理解题。根据“Inthedigitalage,themodelof“culture+technology”hasbeenadoptedtopromote(促进)thedevelopmentofChineseculture”可知，目的是为了促进中国文化发展，故选C。12.最佳标题题。通读全文可知，本文围绕“‘文化+科技’的模式推动中国文化的发展”来介绍，也就是让人们在线体验历史，所以B选项“在线体验历史”符合本文标题，故选B。4Likedetectives,archaeologistsuseevidencetosolvemysteries.Detectiveslookforcluestosolvecrimes.Archaeologistslookforcluestohelpthemunderstandhowpeoplelivedlongago.Infact,theword“archaeology”means“thestudyofancientthings”.Onetypeofevidenceusedtolearnaboutthepastispottery.Peoplehaveusedpotteryforthousandsofyearsallovertheworld.Oldpotteryisusuallyfoundinpiecescalled“potsherds”.Sometimespotsherdsfoundinthesameplacecanbeputbacktogethertorecreatetheoriginalpot.Eveninpieces,oldpotterycanteachusaboutthepast.Whenexaminingpottery,archaeologistsconsidernotonlyitsappearancebutwhatitwasmadeofandhowitwasmade.Withthisknowledge,theycangetinformationaboutpeople’slivesinancienttimes.①Potteryismadebyfirstaddingwatertoakindofsoilcalledclay.Whenwet,claycanbeformedintoshapes.Itisthenheated.Thishardens(使变硬)theclayandallowsittokeepitsshape.Tomakeclayeasiertoshapeandheat,potters(制陶工)usesomethingcalled“temper”.Differentmaterialscanbeusedastemper.Anarchaeologistcantellwhereapotcamefrombythetypesofclayandtemperthatwereused.Sometimesapotfoundinonelocationmighthavematerialsfromanotherplace.②Someoftheearliestpotsweremadequitesimply.Apieceofclaywashollowed(掏空)outandshapedintoabowl.Itwasthenheatedatalowtemperature.Thefinishedpotwasrough(粗糙),andoftenundecorated.Thistypeofpotmightbeusedforcooking.③Later,coiledpotsweremade.Theseweremadebyfirstrollingtheclayintoalongsnakeshape.Thecoilwasthenwound(绕)incirclestoformapot.Theywereoftendecoratedindifferentways.Thesepotswereheatedathightemperatures.Thehigherthetemperature,theharderandlonger-lastingthepot.Furtherimprovementsinpottery-makingdevelopedindifferenttimesandplaces.④Apot’sshapeanddecorationcanprovidecluesaboutthepast.Paintedpicturesmightshoweventsfromdailylifeorfromancientstories.Archaeologistsknowcertainshapesandstylesthatwerecommonindifferenttimesandplaces.Archaeologistsstudythedifferencesintypesofpotteryclosely.Becauseoftheirwork,thesedailyobjectscantellsomeofthemysteriesofthepast.13.Whenexaminingpottery,archaeologistsconsidernotonlyitsappearancebutwhatitwasmadeofandhowitwasmade.Theword“examining”means“________”inEnglish.A.studying B.displaying C.searching D.discovering14.Whyarethewords“potsherds”and“temper”writteninquotationmarks(引号)inParagraphs2and3?A.Toremindreadersthatbothwordsareveryuseful.B.Tomakesurereadersunderstandthewordscorrectly.C.Toshowthatthesewordscomefromotherlanguages.D.Tointroducethewordsthatmaybeunknowntoreaders.15.Whenistemperaddedtotheclay?A.Beforetheclayisshaped. B.Afterthepotisheated.C.Whilethepotisbeingdecorated. D.Whentheclayishollowed.16.Wecanputthesentence“Thiscanprovidecluesabouthowpeopletradedortravelled.”inBlank________.A.① B.② C.③ D.④17.Whatisthemainideaofthispassage?A.Peoplehaveusedpotteryforthousandsofyearsallovertheworld.B.Potsaredecoratedwithpicturesthatshoweventsfromancientstories.C.Ancientpotterycantellaboutthelivesofthepeoplewhomadeandusedit.D.Archaeologistslookforcluestosolvemysteriesindifferenttimesandplaces.【答案】13.A14.D15.A16.B17.C【解析】本文是说明文，文章介绍了考古学家们通过研究出土的陶器来研究过去人们的生活。13.词义猜测题。根据“archaeologistsconsidernotonlyitsappearancebutwhatitwasmadeofandhowitwasmade”可知考古学家不仅要考虑它的外观，还要考虑它的材料和制作方法，可推测此单词为“研究”，故选A。14.推理判断题。根据“Oldpotteryisusuallyfoundinpiecescalled‘potsherds’.”和“Tomakeclayeasiertoshapeandheat,potters(制陶工)usesomethingcalled‘temper’.”可知引号中的单词都是考古专有名词，对读者来说很陌生，故选D。15.细节理解题。根据“Tomakeclayeasiertoshapeandheat,potters(制陶工)usesomethingcalled‘temper’”可知是在成型前添加。故选A。16.推理判断题。根据“Anarchaeologistcantellwhereapotcamefrombythetypesofclayandtemperthatwereused.

Sometimesapotfoundinonelocationmighthavematerialsfromanotherplace.”可知考古学家可以通过所使用的粘土类型和回火来判断陶器的来源，有时在一个地方发现的罐子里可能有来自另一个地方的材料，与“这可以提供人们如何交易或旅行的线索。”形成逻辑连接关系。故选B。17.主旨大意题。通读全文可知主要介绍了考古学家们通过研究出土的陶器来研究过去人们的生活，故选C。5GreeceopensitsfirstunderwatermuseumGreecehasopeneditsveryfirstunderwatermuseum.Visitorswillbeabletoexploreanancientshipwreck(沉船)there.TheunusualattractionssitoffthecoastoftheislandofAlonissos,knownasthePeristerashipwreck,itactuallytakesitsnamefromanearbytinyislandwherenobodylives.Theshipwasfirstdiscoveredintheearly1990s.Itisfilledwitharchaeologicalgems(考古珍宝)fordiverstodiscover,includingthousandsofamphoras(古希腊的双耳细颈瓶).Theyprobablycontainedwinewhentheshipsankinthelate5thcenturyB.C.Theshiplays25metresbelowthewater’ssurface.Sinceitwasfirstdiscovered,onlyscientistsandresearchershavebeenallowedtoexploreit.TheunderwatermuseumofPeristeraopenedonAugust1.Atpresent,itisn’tplannedasapermanentexhibition(展览).DiverswillbeabletotourtheshipwreckuntilearlyOctober.Themuseumhasaninformationcentreforthosewhoaren’tdiversorwhoprefertostayonland.Itoffersvirtual(虚拟的)toursoftheunderwatersiteaswellasexhibitionaroundthehistoryoftheshipwreck.18.Infact,theshiptakesitsnamefrom_________.A.aunderwatermuseum B.archaoologicalgemsC.amphoras D.anearbytinyislandwherenobodylives19.Sinceitwasfirstdiscovered,only________havebeenallowedtoexploreit.A.visitors B.localpeopleC.scientistsandresearchers D.drivers20.What’sthemeaningoftheunderlinedword“permanent”?A.永久性的 B.著名的 C.暂时的 D.开放的21.Whichofthefollowingiscorrect?A.Visitorswillbeabletoexploreamodernshipwreckthere.B.Theshipwasfirstdiscoveredinthelate1990s.C.Theshiplays250metresbelowthewater’ssurface.D.Thereisaninformationcentreforthosewhoaren’tdiversorwhoprefertostayonlandinthemuseum.【答案】18.D19.C20.A21.D【解析】本文主要讲希腊建立水下博物馆让游客来探索那儿的一艘沉船。18.细节理解题。根据“itactuallytakesitsnamefromanearbytinyislandwherenobodylives.”可知船的名字来源于一个无人居住的小岛，故选D。19.细节理解题。根据“Sinceitwasfirstdiscovered,onlyscientistsandresearchershavebeenallowedtoexploreit.”可知发现时，只有科学家和研究者能去探索，故选C。20.词义猜测题。根据“DiverswillbeabletotourtheshipwreckuntilearlyOctober.”可知游客在10月初就不能去观看沉船了，说明此次展览并不是一直开放，故“permanent”表示“永久的”。故选A。21.细节理解题。根据“Themuseumhasaninformationcentreforthosewhoaren’tdiversorwhoprefertostayonland.Itoffersvirtual(虚拟的)toursoftheunderwatersiteaswellasexhibitionaroundthehistoryoftheshipwreck.”可知对于不想下水的游客，博物馆也有水上信息中心给游客们一个虚拟的水下体验，D项正确，故选D。6Imagineadogyoudon’tneedtotrain.Instead,youcanprogramittodowhateveryouwant.Now,youdon’tneedtoimagineitMeetSpot,adog-likerobotfromUScompanyBostonDynamics.InMarch,theArchaeologicalParkofPompeii(庞贝考古公园)inItalygaveSpotanewjob.Pompeiiisafamous“timecapsule(胶囊)”fromtheancientworld.Thousandsofyearsago,anearbyvolcano(火山)coveredthecityinash(灰).Maypeopledied,buttheashkeptbuildingssafeuntilsomeonefounditin1748.So,whatisSpotdoinginPompeii?Itwalksaroundthesitewitha3Dscanner(扫描仪).Therearemanynarrow,undergroundtunnels(隧道)inPompei.Thievesusedthetunnelstostealthings.Thetunnelsbringsafetyproblemstotheancientbuildings.Robotdogsaresmallenoughtogothroughthesetunnlesandfindanychangestothebuildings.AccordingtoGabrielZuchtriegel,thenewdirectorofthesite,thisisthefirsttimeanyonehasusedarobottohelpprotectanarchaeologicalsite.“It’sabreaktroughanditwouldallowustoprotecttheruins(遗迹)withgreaterseedandintotalsafety,”saidZuchtriegel.Spotwillalsoworkwitha3D-scanningdrone(无人机).Thetwotoolswillcheckthesiteregularly.Theywilllookforanydamagethatmayneedarepair.AsatmagazineARTnewssaid,Pompeiiisturningintoa“SmartArchaeologicalPark”.22.WhatcanwelearnabouttheArchaeologicalParkofPompeiifromParagrph2?A.Peoplefoundatimecapsuleatthepark.B.ManypeoplediedatheparkinMarch.C.Adog-likerobotworksatthepark.D.Avolcanocoveredtheparkinashin1748.23.WhatdoestheparkuseSpottodo?A.Lookforsafetyproblems. B.Cleanupvolcanicash.C.Catchthieves. D.Buildanarrowtunnel.24.WhatdoesSpotusetofindchangestothebuildings?A.Itsimagination. B.Its3Dscanner. C.Arobotdog. D.Adrone.25.WhatdoesZuchtriegelthinkofSpot?A.Itbreaksthingsoften. B.Itisagreathelptothepark.C.Itbringssafetyproblems. D.Itshouldmovefaster.26.What’sthemainideaofthepassage?A.Protectingtheparkfromdamageisdifficult.B.SpotwillrepairdamagetothebuildingsofPompeii.C.A3D-scanningdronewilltakeSpot’splace.D.Modeminventionsmakeiteasiertoprotectancientbuildings.【答案】22.C23.A24.B25.B26.D【解析】本文介绍了一款名叫Spot来自美国波士顿动力公司的狗形机器人及其在保护古建筑方面起到的作用。22.细节理解题。根据“InMarch,theArchaeologicalParkofPompeii(庞贝考古公园)inItalygaveSpotanewjob.”可知，该狗形机器人在公园工作。故选C。23.细节理解题。根据“Thetunnelsbringsafetyproblemstotheancientbuildings.Robotdogsaresmallenoughtogothroughthesetunnlesandfindanychangestothebuildings.”可知，Spot在公园中确保并寻找古建筑中的安全问题。故选A。24.细节理解题。根据“Itwalksaroundthesitewitha3Dscanner(扫描仪).”可知，它使用的是3D扫描仪。故选B。25.推理判断题。根据“AccordingtoGabrielZuchtriegel,thenewdirectorofthesite,thisisthefirsttimeanyonehasusedarobottohelpprotectanarchaeologicalsite.“It’sabreaktroughanditwouldallowustoprotecttheruins(遗迹)withgreaterseedandintotalsafety,”saidZuchtriegel.”可以推出，这对公园是一个很大的帮助。故选B。26.主旨大意题。根据“Spotwillalsoworkwitha3D-scanningdrone(无人机).Thetwotoolswillcheckthesiteregularly.Theywilllookforanydamagethatmayneedarepair.AsatmagazineARTnewssaid,Pompeiiisturningintoa“SmartArchaeologicalPark”.”可知，Spot作为现代发明的代表在人类保护古建筑方面发挥作用，同时使人类更容易保护古建筑。故选D。7In1974,whensomeChinesefarmersdugawellnearthecityofXi’an,Shanxiprovince,theydiscoveredsomethingamazing.Thefarmersdugintoanundergroundroom.Itwasapartofahugetomb.ItturnedoutthatthetombbelongedtothefirstemperorofChina,QinShiHuang.Itissaidthattheemperorwasafraidofdeathandspentmuchofhislaterlife,lookingforawaytoliveforever.Forthisreason,someexpertsbelievethathehadthetombbuilttoprotecthimafterdeath.QinShiHuang’stomblookslikehisreal-lifeempire(王国)did,exceptthatitisallunderground.Peoplefoundmanylife-sizedsoldiersinthetomb.Thesoldiersareterra-cottasoldiers.Terra-cottaisthekindofbakedclaythatthesoldiersweremadefrom.ThisexplainswhythefamousarchaeologicalsiteissometimescalledtheTerra-CottaSoldiers.Thesoldiersallweardifferentclothesandhavedifferentfaces.Thismakesthemlooklikefossilsofrealpeople.Someofthemrideonhorses,andsomeofthemareincartspulledbyhorses.Eventhekindsofthehorsesaredifferent.Asarchaeologists(考古学家)pointout,whatisreallyimportantisthatitsmorethansixthousandsoldiersareallfacingeastandareallreadyforbattle.Itisbecausesomeofthesoldiershavedrawncrossbowsandevendrawnswords,whichamazingly,arestillshinyandsharptoday.ExpertsbelievethatthereasonthesoldiersarefacingeastisbecauseQinShiHuang’senemiesinlifecamefromthatdirection.Theterra-cottasoldiers,then,werebuiltbytheemperortoprotecthiminhistombafterhewasdead.27.Accordingtothepassage,whatwastheemperor’spurposetobuildthetomb?A.Tobuildanundergroundcity B.ToshowhispowerandwealthC.Tokeephimsafeafterhewasdead D.Toprovehewasnotafraidofdeath28.Whyisthetombnotliketheemperor’sreal-lifeempire?A.Becausethereal-lifeempirelastedlonger.B.Becausethetombwastotallyunderground.C.Becausethetombismuchsmallerthanthereal-lifeempire.D.Becausethereal-lifeempirehadnoarmiestoprotecttheemperor.29.Accordingtothepassage,whatmakesthesoldierslooklikefossilsofrealpeople?A.Theyareridinghorses. B.Theyarereadyforbattle.C.Theyaremadefromterra-cotta. D.Theyhavedifferentclothesandfaces.30.Whatcanweknowaboutthesoldiersbeingreadyforbattle?A.NotallarmiesinAncientChinacarriedswordsandcrossbowsintobattle.B.Thedrawncrossbowsandswordsmakethesoldierslookreadyforbattle.C.Theyarereadyforbattlesagainsttheemperor’senemiesfromthewest.D.Thesesoldierswerejustrecentlyuncoveredinthetomb.31.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?A.ThefirstempireinChina B.ThedeathofanemperorC.ThetombofQinShiHuang D.ThearmiesofQinShiHuang【答案】27.C28.B29.D30.B31.C【解析】本文介绍了秦始皇陵的发现，也详细介绍了兵马俑的特点以及考古学的发现。27.细节理解题。根据第一段末尾的“Forthisreason,someexpertsbelievethathehadthetombbuilttoprotecthimafterdeath.”可知，秦始皇建立这个陵墓是为了能够在他死后给他庇护。故选C。28.细节理解题。根据第二段开头的“QinShiHuang’stomblookslikehisreal-lifeempire(王国)did,exceptthatitisallunderground.”可知，秦始皇陵和他真实的王国看起来相似，除了是全部建立在地底下。故选B。29.细节理解题。根据第二段的“Thesoldiersallweardifferentclothesandhavedifferentfaces.Thismakesthemlooklikefossilsofrealpeople.”可知，兵马俑的士兵都穿着不同的衣服也有不同的面孔，这就让他们看起来像真人化石。故选D。30.细节理解题。根据第三段的“…allfacingeastandareallreadyforbattle.Itisbecausesomeofthesoldiershavedrawncrossbowsandevendrawnswords,”可知，所有士兵面朝东边准备着迎战，这是因为一些士兵们拔弩甚至拔剑。故选B。31.主旨大意题。从文章的主要内容可知，开头介绍了秦始皇陵的发现，接着介绍其中的兵马俑以及考古学家对其的研究发现，因此主要是关于秦始皇陵的文章。故选C。8Didyouseeanydiscussionsaboutarchaeology（考古学）onsocialmediain2020?ThesubjectbecamepopularbecauseofZhongFangrong,agirlwhogotaveryhighscoreingaokao.Asaliberalarts（文科）studentinHunan,ZhongchosetomajorinarchaeologyatPekingUniversity.Asa“left-behindgirl”inasmallvillage.Zhongwasexpectedtoapplyfora“money-related”majorsothatshecouldmakemoremoneyforherfamily.Butshemadeherdecisionbyfollowingherheart.ManyInternetusersweresurprisedbyherdecisionandquestionedher,sayingthatshewouldbewastingherefforts.“Youwillregretyourchoiceonceyouenterthejobmarket,”oneofthemwrote.ButmuseumsandarchaeologyresearchersweresupportingZhong.Theyhavesentherarchaeologybooksandlettersofcongratulation.LinZhivan,anarchaeologistfromSichuan,saidInternetuserswhoquestionedZhong’schoicehadlittleunderstandingofthesubject.Aftergraduation,Zhongcanworkatpublicmuseumsorarchaeologyresearchinstitutes,whichofferstable（稳定的）jobsandgoodpay,orshecanchoosetoworkforprivatearchaeologicalcompaniesthatofferevenhigherpay.Thesearecommonchoicesforyoungpeoplewhomajorinarchaeology.Actually,archaeologymighthaveamorehopefulfuturethanyoumightthink.In2020,PresidentXiJinpingstressedseveraltimesthatarchaeologicalresearchshouldbegreatlyemphasized（重视）.Archacologicalfindingsdisclosetheorigin（起源）andevolution（演变）ofChineseculture,whichcanbuilduppeople’sconfidenceinChineseculture.GuYunong,aseniorarchaeologystudentatPekingUniversity,saidthemajorismeaningful.“Forthecountryandhumankind,archaeologybuildsupourculturalidentity.Forpeoplelikeme,itallowsustotravelbetweenthepastandthepresent.”Gusaid,“Archaeologyhasmademylifemoremeaningful.”32.WhatcanweknowaboutZhongFangrongaccordingtothepassage?A.Shebecamepopularonsocialmediain2020.B.ShewasaliberalartsstudentinHubeiProvince.C.ShechosetomajorinarchaeologyatPekingUniversity.D.Shedidn’tmakeaneffortintheNationalCollegeEntranceExamination.33.Matchthepersonswiththeinformationandchoosetherightanswer.①PresidentXiJinping②LiuZhiyan③GuYunong④oneInternetusea.Archaeologymakeshislifemoremeaningful.b.Zhongwillregretherchoicewhenshelooksforajob.c.Archaeologicalresearchshouldbegreatlyemphasized.d.Zhongcanworkatpublicmuseumsorarchaeologyresearchinstitutes.A.①-c②-d③-a④-b B.①-a②-c③-b④-d C.①-c②-a③-b④-d D.①-a②-b③-c④-d34.Whatcanweinferaccordingtothepassage?A.Before2020,archaeologywasap