山东省潍坊市五县市2022-2023学年高三10月统考英语试题（含听力）

20222023学年度上学期质量监测高三英语注意事项：1.答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。2.回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上，写在本试卷上无效。3.考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。第一部分听力(共两节，满分30分)做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。第一节(共5小题;每小题分，满分分)听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。1.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】Whowillprobablygettheoldchair?A.Theladyinblack. B.Themaninred. C.Themaninblue.【答案】C【解析】【原文】W:Whatisthebidforthisbeautifuloldchair?Ah,Isee100yuanfromthemaninred.Now200yuanfromtheladyinblack.Andsir,themaninblue,whatisyourbid?M:Iwillbid300yuanforit.2.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】Whatdoweknowabouttheshirt?A.Itneedstobeironed B.Itisbeingwashednow. C.Itisstillinthelaundrybasket.【答案】A【解析】【原文】M:Ismybestshirtclean,honey?IthoughtIthrewitinthelaundrybasketyesterday.Ineeditforworktoday.W:It’swashed,butithasatonofwrinkles.Icanhaveitreadyinabout10minutes.3.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】Whoisthemanspeakingto?A.Anoldlady. B.Asmallchild. C.Adisabledwoman【答案】A【解析】【原文】M:Wouldyoulikemetohelpyoudownthestairs?Theycanbealittledifficultforsomepeople.W:No,Icanmanagemyself.Istillhaveafewgoodyearsleftinme.4.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】Whatdidthemandolastyear?A.Hewonapetition.B.Heworkedasavolunteer.C.Heenjoyedsomeexhibitions.【答案】C【解析】【原文】M:Iwanttovolunteeratthesciencefairthisyear.Ishouldhavedoneitlastyear,butIwantedtolookaroundattheotherexhibitions.W:Well,they’lldefinitelyacceptyou,sinceyouwonthepetitiontwoyearsago.5.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】Howmanytimeshasthemanseenthesinger?A.Once. B.Twice. C.Threetimes.【答案】C【解析】【原文】W:ThatsingeryoulikeisperformingatthestadiuminJanuary.Areyougoing?M:I’dliketo,buttheticketsaresoexpensiveandIdidseehiminLondonandBirmingham.W:YoualsosawhiminManchester.Wewentwithyou.第二节(共15小题;每小题分，满分分)听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟;听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】6.Whydidthewomandecidetotakethedancelessonfinally?A.Herfriendpersuadedher.B.Sheovercameherfearonherown.C.Shesaweveryonehavingagoodtime.7.Howmanykindsofdancedoesthewomanmention?A.Two. B.Three. C.Four.【答案】6.A7.B【解析】【原文】M:Didyougotoyourdancelessonthisevening?W:Yes,butIalmostdidn’t.M:Why?W:Iwasafraidthateveryonewouldlaughatme.Butthosedancersareverygood.M:Yes.Butdidyoufinallyovereyourfear?W:Iwouldn’thavebeenabletoonmyown,butjustasIwasturningtoleave,anoldfriendcameovertome.Hemademepromisetostay.M:So,didyoulearnanything?W:Yeah,Ilearnedhowtodoeverythingfromthetangotothepolka.M:Whatwasyourfavorite?W:Thewaltz!听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】8.WhichclassdidTomattendtoday?A.Physics. B.Geometry. C.Chemistry.9.WhatdoweknowaboutTom?A.Heknowslittleaboutthemoon.B.Heisafreshmaninhighschool.C.Heshowslittleinterestintheclass.10.Whoisthewomanintheconversation?A.Ascientist. B.Tom’steacher. C.Tom’smother.【答案】8.A9.B10.C【解析】【原文】W:Whatdidyoulearninclasstoday,Tom?M:Welearnedabouthowthingsmoveandthevariationsthatmakethemmovedifferently.W:IthoughtyouhadgeometryonWednesdays.Thissoundsplicatedforthefirstyearhighschoolstudents.M:Weusuallydohavegeometry,butaspecialspeakercameintoday.Besides,itisn’tnearlyashardasthechemistryclassonThursday.W:Sowhatdidyoulearn?M:Well,thescientistthatcameintoldusallabouthowspeedandweightchangethewaythatthingsinteractwithourworld.ButhewassurprisedwhenIaskedmyquestionaboutsomethingelse.W:Whatdidyouaskabout?M:IrememberedalongtimeagowhenyouandDadtoldmeaboutgravity.Weweretalkingaboutthemoonandhowpeoplecanjumpreallyhighthere.SoIaskedhimwhatthedifferencewouldbebetweenoneobjecthereandonthemoon.听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】11.Whywillthemangototheparkinglot?A.Tofetchhiswallet. B.Toappreciatepaintings. C.Tofindthemainentrance.12.Wheredoesthewomanusuallyeat?A.Inacafe. B.Inagrocerystore. C.Inarestaurant.13.Whatistheprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Strangers. B.Colleague. C.Classmate.【答案】11.A12.C13.A【解析】【原文】M:Hello,canyoushowmethewaytothemainentrance?IthinkIdroppedmywalletintheparkinglot.W:Yes,gopasttheRenaissancepaintingsandturnintotheroomwiththe20thcenturyart.You’llseealonghallway.Walkdownthathallwaytothestairsattheend.Godowntwoflightsofstairstothefirstfloor.Turnright,andtheentranceisjustpasttheelevators.M:Thankyou.WillthesecurityguardletmeinagainafterIleavethebuilding?W:Sinceyou’vealreadyboughtaticketjustgetyourhandstampedatthefrontdesk.Thatway,youcangoinandoutasmanytimesasyouwantbeforeclosing.M:Great!Oh,onemorething…Doyouknowofagoodplacetoeataroundhere?W:There’sacaféinthelowerlevelofthemuseum.M:Iknow,butit’stooexpensive.Anythingoutsideofthemuseum?W:Well,IusuallygototheVietnameserestaurantacrossthestreet.Butthegrocerystorearoundthecornerisevencheaper.听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】14.Whatdoesthemanwantthegirltoeat?A.Steaks. B.Chicken. C.Hamburgers.15.Whatisthemainreasonforthegirlgivingupmeat?A.Tosaveanimals. B.Toimproveherhealth. C.Toprotecttheenvironment.16.Howmanyclassmateofthegirl’sgaveupmeat?A.Three. B.Four. C.Six.17.Wherearethespeakers?A.Athome. B.Inacanteen. C.Inasupermarket.【答案】14.B15.A16.B17.A【解析】【原文】M:Eatyourmeat.Chickenisgoodforyou.W:IhavedecidedIamgoingtostopeatingmeat.M:What,inthemiddleofdinner?Whyareyoudoingthat?W:MainlybecauseIdonotthinkthatanimalsshouldsuffertoprovideuswithfood.M:Butwhataboutyourhealth?W:Ihavereadthatitishealthiernottoeatmeat.Also,keepingfarmanimalsisbadfortheenvironment.M:Butwon’tyoumisseatinganicesteakorahamburger?W:Idon’tthinkso.Myfriendshaven’t.M:Soitisn’tjustyou?Howmanyofyouaredoingthis?W:Itstartedwithonegirlinmyclass.Thenanotherthreejoinedher.NowI’vedecidedIwillgiveupmeataswell.M:Whataboutmilk,eggsandbutter?Theyallefromanimals.W:Idon’tmindhavingmilkorbutter.Theydon’tdoanyharm.M:Well,wecan’tmakeseparatemealsforyou.Youwilljusthavetoeatthevegetablesandnotthemeat.W:That’sOK.Imightevenmakemyownmealssometimes.M:Doyouthinkyouwillstickwithit?W:Idon’tthinkIwillevereatmeatagain—andIthinkIwillbealothealthierforit.听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】18.WhichisDirectorJonFavreau’searliestfilm?A.TheLionKing. B.TheJungleBook. C.IronMan.19.WhatisuniqueaboutTheJungleBook?A.Itintroducerealanimals. B.Itfeaturednewmusic. C.Itisallfilmedindoors.20.WhatdosomeearlyreviewssayaboutthenewversionofTheLionKing?A.Itisverysimilartotheoriginal.B.Itisnotthesamestoryastheoriginal.C.Thevoiceactorsarebetterintheoriginal.【答案】18.C19.C20.A【解析】【原文】Accordingtopeopleinsidethemovieindustry,thisyear’sremakeofTheLionKingbees“thebiggestmovieeventofthedecade”.Mostofus—nomatterhowoldweare—haveseenorheardofthe1994originalcartoonmovie.Audiencesfellinlovewiththeadorablecharacters,memorablemusic,andmovingstory.Justthreeyearslater,itbecameanawardwinningmusicalplay.ThenthebrilliantJonFavreaucameintothepicture.First,hehadamazingsuccesswithhisreimaginingofthecartoonbookIronMan.Later,hewasaskedtodothesamewithTheJungleBook,anotherfamousDisneycartoon.Inthismovie,heworkedwiththeMovingPicturepanytocreatesomethingthathadn’tbeendonebefore.Theycreatedmovingandtalkinganimalsinsidearealisticanddetailedenvironmentwithoutleavingthestudio.ThefinalproductwassowellreceivedthatDisneyimmediatelyaskedhimtoremakeTheLionKing.Thenewversion,whichcameoutinJuly2019,usesallofthesametechnologytocreatearealisticAfricanenvironment.Butmostimportantly,earlyreviewssayitremainstruetotheoriginal.Itfeaturesallthesamemusic,followsthesamestory,andevenstarsoneoftheoriginalvoiceactors.However,noteveryonegavepositivereviews.Somereviewerssaidtheyexpectedalittlemorecreativityinsteadofanexactcopyofthe1994version.Well,Iguessyoucan’tpleaseeveryone.Butyoucanbetthatwhateverhappens,it’sgoingtomakealotofmoney.第二部分阅读(共两节，满分50分)第一节(共15小题;每小题分，满分分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。AOurEasiestJitterbugPhoneEverTheJitterbug*flipfromthemakesoftheoriginaleasytousecellphone,hasbigbuttonsandanuniqueUrgentResponsebuttononthekeypad.EasytoUseToday,cellphonedarehardtohear,difficulttodialandoverloadedwithfeatureyoumayneveruse.That’snotthecasewiththeJitterbug*Flip2.Alargescreen,bigbuttonsandonetouchspeeddialingmakeiteasytocallfamilyandfriendsandthepowerfulspeakerensureeveryconversationwillbeloudandclear.EasytoEnjoyWhereveryougo,abuiltincameramakesiteasyandfunforyoutocaptureandshareyourfavoritememories.Plus,theflashlightandbuiltinmagnified(放大镜)helpyouseeindarkareasEasytoBePreparedLifehasawayofbeingunpredictable,butyoucanbepreparedinanuncertainorunsafesituationwithUrgentResponseService.SimplypresstheUrgentResponsebuttontospeakwithahighlytrainedagentwhocanconfirmyourlocation,evaluateyoursituationandgetyouthehelpyouneed.FlexibleandAffordablePlansTheJitterbug*Flip2isoneofthemostaffordablecellphoneonthemarketandeswithreliablenationwidecoverage.Withnolongtermcontractsorcancellationfeds,youcanswitchplansanytime.100minutes10¢pertext300minutes7¢pertext500minutes4¢pertextUnlimitedminutesUnlimitedtextsThephoneisavailableinstoreoronlineatlively./flip.Ifyouwanttolearnmore,call1.866.490.3411.21.WhatmakestheJitterbug*Flip2helpyououtofdanger?A.Alargescreen. B.Thepowerfulspeaker.C.Abuildincamera. D.TheUrgentResponsebutton.22.Whichplansuitsyoubestifyouneedtosendshortmessagesfrequently?A. B.C. D.23.Wherecanthetextprobablybefound?A.Inamagazine. B.anatextbook.C.Inanacademicpaper. D.Inanewsreport.【答案】21.D22.D23.A【解析】【导语】本文是应用文。文章主要介绍一款——theJitterbug*Flip2。【21题详解】细节理解题。根据EasytoBePrepared部分“Lifehasawayofbeingunpredictable,butyoucanbepreparedinanuncertainorunsafesituationwithUrgentResponseService.SimplypresstheUrgentResponsebuttontospeakwithahighlytrainedagentwhocanconfirmyourlocation,evaluateyoursituationandgetyouthehelpyouneed.(生活总是不可预测的，但是你可以通过紧急回应服务在不确定或不安全的情况下做好准备。只要按下紧急回应按钮，就可以与一位训练有素的特工通话，他可以确认你的位置，评估你的情况，并为你提供所需的帮助。)”可知，当你处于危险中时，可以使用上的紧急回应按钮，及时联系到一位训练有素的特工通话，他可以确认你的位置，评估你的情况，并为你提供所需的帮助。故选D。【22题详解】细节理解题。根据表格最右边一列“$19.99/mo.Unlimitedminutes,Unlimitedtexts(每月美元，无限时，无限短信)”可知，如果经常发短信，可以使用每月美元的套餐。故选D。【23题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段“Thephoneisavailableinstoreoronlineatlively./flip.Ifyouwanttolearnmore,call1.866.490.3411.(这款可以在店内或在lively./flip网上购买。如果你想了解更多，请拨打。)”可知，这篇文章是为了推销这款，所以不会出现在课本、学术论文和新闻报道上，可能会出现在杂志上。故选A。BSãoPauloisplayinghosttoanunsustainablemountainofwasteduetoagenerallackofparticipationinrecyclingproperly.MarionBernardi,astudentfromFrance,hasproposedaneatwayofgettingkidsinontheactofsortingdomesticwaste.Marionregisteredforanartclassinhighschoolwhensherealisedherloveforcreatingobjects.EnteringfordesignstudiesatL’EcoledeDesignNantesAtlantiquewasalogicalnextstepforher.Shetookadvantageofachancetostudyabroadbriefly,movingforatimetopursueaMaster’sdegreeinTransculturalDesigninsadpolo.“Formyendofstudiesproject”shesays,“IdecidedtoworkonthewastesortingissueinsadPaulo,andfinallyIcreatedtheReciclaDiaaDiaproject.”ReciclaDiaaDia,isanambitiousideawhereby(凭此)kidsareinvolvedintorecyclingthroughaspecialclassroombasedcontest.Withthehelpofsmartphones,participantscantakepatthroughanape,alongwithasupplyofcustommadetokens(代币)andanumberofengagingactivitiestogetthemontherightpath.Theapekeepsthetopicexciting,usingcolourfulcartooncharactersintheformofdrinkcans,plasticbottlesandbananapeelswithfacestogiveitadistinctivechildledlook.TheReciclaDiaaDiaappisspeciallydesignedtoeducatetheusersotheyknowhowtodealwithmostformsofrecyclableplastic,glass,paperandmetalitems.Itesthroughtheuseofa“separator”aninteractiveguideontheape,whichinformsthechildaboutwhetherwasteisdryrecyclableornot,viaasetofclearquestions.Toprogressinthecontestandgetrewards,thechildmustlevelupbygainingexperience.Experiencecanbegainedbybringinginbagsofdryrecyclablescountedbytheteacherandbypletingweekly‘ZeroWaste’challenge.Beyondeducationthroughplay,Marionmanagestocreatealinkbetweenhomeandschoolandprovideaglobalsolutiontoamajorissue.24.Whatdoesparagraph2mainlytellusaboutMarion?A.Herpursueofstudyingabroad. B.Herfuturecareerplans.C.Herexperienceoflearningdesign. D.Heuniversityresearchtopic.25.WhatdoweknowaboutReciclaDiaaDia?A.Itusesrealimages. B.Itrequireschildrentobuytokens.C.It’saputergamingape. D.It’sdonethroughapetition.26.Howcanachildidentifydryrecyclablewaste?A.Byansweringquestions. B.Byaskingtheteacher.C.Byusingasortingmachine D.Byjudgingtheshapes.27.Whichofthefollowingbestdescribetheproject?A.Costlyandeffective. B.Interestingandchallenging.C.Simpleandpractical D.Amazingandtimeconsuming.【答案】24.C25.D26.A27.B【解析】【导语】本文是说明文。文章主要讲述来自法国的学生马里昂·贝尔纳迪提出的一个让孩子们参与家庭垃圾分类的简单方法——ReciclaDiaaDia项目。【24题详解】主旨大意题。根据第二段“Marionregisteredforanartclassinhighschoolwhensherealisedherloveforcreatingobjects.EnteringfordesignstudiesatL’EcoledeDesignNantesAtlantiquewasalogicalnextstepforher.Shetookadvantageofachancetostudyabroadbriefly,movingforatimetopursueaMaster’sdegreeinTransculturalDesigninsadpolo.“Formyendofstudiesproject”shesays,“IdecidedtoworkonthewastesortingissueinsadPaulo,andfinallyIcreatedtheReciclaDiaaDiaproject.””(马里昂在高中注册了一门艺术课程，当时她意识到自己对创造物体的热爱。对她来说，进入南特大西洋设计学院学习设计是顺理成章的下一步。她利用这个机会在国外短暂地学习了一段时间，然后穿着悲伤的马球衣去攻读跨文化设计硕士学位。“为了完成我的研究项目,”她说，“我决定在圣保罗研究垃圾分类问题，最后我创建了ReciclaDiaaDia项目。”)可知，第二段主要讲述马里昂学习设计的经历。故选C。【25题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段“ReciclaDiaaDia,isanambitiousideawhereby(凭此)kidsareinvolvedintorecyclingthroughaspecialclassroombasedcontest.”(ReciclaDiaaDia是一个雄心勃勃的想法，通过一个特殊的教室为基础的比赛，让孩子们参与回收利用。)可知，ReciclaDiaaDia是通过比赛的方式让孩子们参与的。故选D。【26题详解】细节理解题。根据第四段“Itesthroughtheuseofa“separator”aninteractiveguideontheape,whichinformsthechildaboutwhetherwasteisdryrecyclableornot,viaasetofclearquestions.”(它通过使用一个“分离器”，一个关于猩猩的互动指南，通过一系列清晰的问题告诉孩子废物是否可以干燥回收。)可知，孩子们可以通过提问问题的方式得知废物是否可以干燥回收。故选A。【27题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段“ReciclaDiaaDia,isanambitiousideawhereby(凭此)kidsareinvolvedintorecyclingthroughaspecialclassroombasedcontest.Withthehelpofsmartphones,participantscantakepatthroughanape,alongwithasupplyofcustommadetokens(代币)andanumberofengagingactivitiestogetthemontherightpath.Theapekeepsthetopicexciting,usingcolourfulcartooncharactersintheformofdrinkcans,plasticbottlesandbananapeelswithfacestogiveitadistinctivechildledlook.”(ReciclaDiaaDia是一个雄心勃勃的想法，通过一个特殊的教室为基础的比赛，让孩子们参与回收利用。在智能的帮助下，参与者可以轻轻拍打一只猿猴，同时提供定制的代币和一系列有趣的活动，让他们走上正确的道路。这只大猩猩让这个话题保持兴奋，它使用了五颜六色的卡通人物，比如饮料罐、塑料瓶和带有人脸的香蕉皮，给人一种与众不同的儿童主导的感觉。)和最后一段“Toprogressinthecontestandgetrewards,thechildmustlevelupbygainingexperience.Experiencecanbegainedbybringinginbagsofdryrecyclablescountedbytheteacherandbypletingweekly‘ZeroWaste’challenge.”(为了在比赛中取得进步并获得奖励，孩子必须通过积累经验来提高水平。经验可以通过带来一袋袋干的可回收利用的数量由老师和完成每周的“零废物”挑战。)可知，ReciclaDiaaDia是一个有趣并且有挑战性的项目。故选B。CAsanyoneinmainlandBritainwhohaseverattemptedtogrowberriesornutsorindeedfeedthebirds–willknow,doingsoisequaltoanopeningmoveinagameofchesswithlocalgreysquirrels,agamethesquirrelstendtowin.Greysquirrelsarealsofondoftheoccasionalbird’seggortheyoungbird,andenjoytearingandeatingthebarkofyoungbroadleaftrees,whichcaneitherkillthetreesorleavethemopentoinfection.This,apartfromaffectingbiodiversityandlandscape,harmsthewoodindustry.Thelossisnotinsignificant:£37ayearinEnglandandwalks.Greysquirrels,introducedfromNorthAmericain1876,havealmostreplacednativeredsquirrelsbypetingthemforfoodandhabitat.Theyarelargerandstronger,andresistanttosquirrelpoxvirus,whileredsarenot.About3milliongreysquirrelsnowliveintheUK;theInternationalUnionforConservationofNatureliststhegreysquirrelamongthetop100mostharmfulinvasive(入侵的)speciesintheworld.InBritain,mucheffortandinventivenesshasbeenmadeinstoppinggreysquirrelprogress,fromtrappingandshootingthem,toreleasingpinemartensintotheirhabitats.Thelatestmove,aworkablesystemforwhichwasthoughttobeadecadeaway,isforbiddingthebreeding(繁殖)ofgreysquirrels.However,legalchallengebroughtsomanydelaysthattheinvasivegreysquirrelpopulationexpandedtoanunmanageablelevelandwipingoutwereabandoned.ThemainissueinBritainwasthoughttobemoretechnologicalthanlegaldesigningadrugthattargetsonlygreysquirrelstopreventtheirbreeding.AnotherpossibilityintheyearsaheadistouseDNAeditingtoensuregreyfemalearebornunabletogivebirth.Greysquirrelshavenowbeenherefornearly150years.TheydoactivelythreatenanotherspeciesinBritain.Thereisastrongargumentthatecosystemschange.Infact,thatistheiressentialnature,anditisunrealistictostopit.Theattractionofcontrollingthebreedingmethodsofgreysquirrelsisthattheyarelessinhumane,andaimforbalanceratherthanuprooting.28.Whatdoestheauthorfocusoninparagraph1?A.Theharmfromgreysquirrels.B.Theeatinghabitsofgreysquirrels.C.Theeffectofgreysquirrelsonindustry.DThegamebetweentheBritishandgreysquirrels.29.Whatledtothevictoryofgreysquirrelsoverreds?A.Theirhugenumber. B.Theiruniqueorigins.C.Theirbreedingability. D.Theirphysicalqualities.30.WhatisthemaindifficultyinremovinggreysquirrelsinBritain?A.Lesslabour. B.Shortageofmoney.C.Imperfectlaw. D.Lackoftechnology.31.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetoforbiddingthebreedingofgreysquirrels?A.Unclear. B.Objective.C.Favorable. D.Doubtful.【答案】28.A29.D30.D31.C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文。主要讲述了灰松鼠的危害，和英国本土的红松鼠相比，它们更大更强壮，能抵抗松鼠痘病毒;清除灰松鼠面临的主要困难是缺乏技术。【28题详解】主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“Greysquirrelsarealsofondoftheoccasionalbird’seggortheyoungbird,andenjoytearingandeatingthebarkofyoungbroadleaftrees,whichcaneitherkillthetreesorleavethemopentoinfection.This,apartfromaffectingbiodiversityandlandscape,harmsthewoodindustry.(灰松鼠也喜欢偶尔的鸟蛋或雏鸟，喜欢撕扯和吃年轻的阔叶树的树皮，这可能会杀死树或使它们容易感染。这除了影响生物多样性和景观外，还损害了木材工业)”可知文章第一段主要讲解了灰松鼠的危害。故选A。【29题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Theyarelargerandstronger,andresistanttosquirrelpoxvirus,whileredsarenot.(它们更大更强壮，能抵抗松鼠痘病毒，而红色则不行)”可知它们的身体素质使灰松鼠战胜了红松鼠。故选D。【30题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第三段“ThemainissueinBritainwasthoughttobemoretechnologicalthanlegaldesigningadrugthattargetsonlygreysquirrelstopreventtheirbreeding.(在英国，主要的问题被认为是技术而不是法律，设计一种只针对灰松鼠的药物来阻止它们繁殖)”可知在英国清除灰松鼠的主要困难是缺乏技术。故选D。【31题详解】推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Greysquirrelshavenowbeenherefornearly150years.TheydoactivelythreatenanotherspeciesinBritain.Thereisastrongargumentthatecosystemschange.(灰松鼠已经在这里生活了近150年。它们确实在积极威胁着英国的另一种物种。生态系统会发生变化，这是一个强有力的论点)”可知作者对禁止饲养灰松鼠的态度是赞成的。故选C。DTotheSweden,therearefewsmellsmoreattractivethansurströmming(臭鲱鱼).TomostnonSwedenthereareprobablyfewsmellsmorerepulsive—thefishhasbeendescribedvariouslyassmellinglikesourcatlitter,orevendroppingslike.Indeterminingwhichsmellspeoplefindpleasantornot,surströmmingsuggestsculturemustplayasizeablepart.Newresearch,however,suggeststhatmightnotbethecase.ArtinArshamian,aneuroscientistattheKarolinskaInstituteinSweden,andAsifaMajid,apsychologistattheUniversityofOxford,beganwiththeexpectationthatculturewouldplayanimportantroleindeterminingpleasantsmells.Thiswasnotjustbecauseofexampleslikethatofsurströmming.Theyknewfrompastexperimentsbyotherresearchersthatculturewasimportantindeterminingwhichsortsoffacespeoplefoundbeautiful.Tostudyhowsmellandculturerelate,theresearcherspresentedtensmells.Thesesmellsvariedfromherbtoisovalericacid,thechemicalresponsibleforsmellysocks.Moreinbetweensmells,whichtheteamthoughtmightsplitopinions,includedoctanoicacid;andoctenol,ancarthysmellfoundinmanymushrooms.Theculturesdoingthesmellingvariedwidelytoo,includinghunters,farmersandcityfolk.All235participantswereaskedtoranksmellsaccordingtopleasantness.Theresearchersfoundthatpleasantnessrankingswereremarkableconsistentregardlessofwherepeoplecamefrom.Isovalericacidwashatedbythevastmajority,onlyeightgivingitascoreoflto3(Iwasverypleasantand10wasveryunpleasant).Ontheotherhand,morethan190peoplegaveherbascoreoflto3.Overall,thechemicalpositionofthesmellsexplained41%ofthereactionsthatparticipantshad.Incontrast,culturalupbringingaccountedforjust6%Evenso,whileculturedidn'tshapeperceptions(感知)ofsmellsinthewaythatitshapesperceptionsoffaces,theresearchersdidfindan“eyeofthebeholder”effect.Randomness,whichtheresearcherssuggesthastoefrompersonalpreferencelearnedfromoutsideindividualculture,accountedfor54%ofthedifferenceinwhichsmellspeopleliked.32.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“repulsive”meaninthefirstparagraph?A.Enjoyable. B.AwfulC.Special. D.Unusual.33.Whichsmellrankedfirstintermsofpleasantness?A.Octenol. B.Herb.C.Octanoicacid. D.Isovalericacid.34.Whatplaysamajorroleintheappreciationofsmells?A.Personaltaste. B.Culturalbackground.C.Lifeexperience. D.Chemicalposition.35.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.YouAreWhatYouSmell B.CulturedetermineSmellsC.PeopleLiketheSameSmells D.SmellsAretheSameasBeauty【答案】32.B33.B34.A35.C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文。个人品味在对气味的鉴赏中起着重要作用，它来自于从外部个体文化中习得的个人偏好。【32题详解】推理判断题。根据文章第一段“thefishhasbeendescribedvariouslyassmellinglikesourcatlitter,orevendroppingslike.（人们形容这种鱼闻起来像酸猫砂，甚至像粪便）”可知这种气味是让人生厌的。故划线处和B项：Awful（让人讨厌的、不舒服的）含义相近。故选B。【33题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第四段“Ontheotherhand,morethan190peoplegaveherbascoreoflto3.（另一方面，超过190人给herb打了1到3分的分数）”可知在愉悦感方面，草本气味排在第一位。故选B。【34题详解】细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“Randomness,whichtheresearcherssuggesthastoefrompersonalpreferencelearnedfromoutsideindividualculture,accountedfor54%ofthedifferenceinwhichsmellspeopleliked.（研究人员认为，随机性来自于从外部个体文化中习得的个人偏好，这种随机性在人们喜欢的气味差异中占54%）”可知个人品味在对气味的鉴赏中起着重要作用。故选A。【35题详解】主旨大意题。根据文章第二段“culturewouldplayanimportantroleindeterminingpleasantsmells.Thiswasnotjustbecauseofexampleslikethatofsurströmming.Theyknewfrompastexperimentsbyotherresearchersthatculturewasimportantindeterminingwhichsortsoffacespeoplefoundbeautiful.（文化在决定令人愉悦的气味方面起着重要作用。这不仅仅是因为像surströmming这样的例子。他们从其他研究人员过去的实验中知道，文化在决定人们认为哪种面孔美丽方面很重要）”以及文章的最后一段“Randomness,whichtheresearcherssuggesthastoefrompersonalpreferencelearnedfromoutsideindividualculture,accountedfor54%ofthedifferenceinwhichsmellspeopleliked.（研究人员认为，随机性来自于从外部个体文化中习得的个人偏好，这种随机性在人们喜欢的气味差异中占54%）可知个人品味在对气味的鉴赏中起着重要作用，它来自于从外部个体文化中习得的个人偏好；即由于个体文化，人们喜欢相同的气味，合乎题意。故选C。第二节(共5小题;每小题分，满分分)根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，选项中有两项为多余选项。Gratitudeismorethanjustsaying“thankyou”tosomeonewhohashelpedusorgivenusagift.___36___Andthispositiveemotioncanbegoodforouremotionalandphysicalhealth,aswellasthehealthofourrelationships.Onereasonforthisisthatgratitudestopsusfromthinkingaboutnegativeemotions.Writinga“thankyou”letter,forexample,shiftsourattentionsothatwefocusonpositiveemotions.Evenifwedon’tshareourwritingwithanyone,theactofpletingtheexercisealonemakesushappierandmoresatisfiedwithlife.Andthisgetsbetterwithtime.Asweareessentiallytrainingourbraintobemoreintunewithnoticingthepositive,afterseveralweeksormonths,thisbeesmoreintuitive(直觉的).___37______38___Studiesprovegratitudecanimprovesleepquality,bettereatinghabits,andreducedinflammation(炎症)inpeoplewhohavehadheartproblems.Gratitudeisclearlygoodforus,butisitalsogoodforthepeopleinourlives?___39___Whenshared,spokenorwrittengratitudeisaboutfeelingvaluedandhelpingothersfeelvaluedtoo.Feelingvaluedcanhelpbuildstrongerrelationshipswithfamily,partners,friendsorevencolleague.Andthat’sontopofalltheotherwaysgratitudeisclearlygoodforus.Manystudiesshowexpressinggratitudebenefitspeoplealotincludingtheemotional,mentalandphysicalhealthetc.___40___Let’sstopcountingsheeporcalorieandstartcountingourblessingsinstead.A.Sowhynotdoso?B.Thesimpleansweris“yes”C.Weshouldformgoodhabitsinourdailywork.D.Gratitudecanalsomakeusfeelgoodinourbodies.E.Themoreweexpressgratitude,themorepositivewefeel.F.Howtodescribetherelationshipbetweengratitudeandplaint?G.It’sadeeperappreciationforsomeoneorsomethingmakingusfeelpositive.【答案】36.G37.E38.D39.B40.A【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了感恩的好处。有研究显示，懂得感恩对我们的身体和精神健康都有积极的影响，对我们的人际关系也有好处。【36题详解】上文“Gratitudeismorethanjustsaying“thankyou”tosomeonewhohashelpedusorgivenusagift.(感恩不仅仅是对帮助过我们或送过我们礼物的人说声“谢谢”)”说明对于“感谢”作者认为还别有深意。下文“Andthispositiveemotioncanbegoodforouremotionalandphysicalhealth,aswellasthehealtho