霍金与牛顿英文介绍

WHOISGREAT2021/5/91CONCENTPartone2ParttwoStephenWilliamHawkingSirIsaacNewton2021/5/9201StephenWilliamHawking2021/5/93WhoWasStephenHawking?EarlylifeStephenWilliamHawking’sfather,awell-knownresearcherintropicalmedicine.Hismother,Isabel,graduatedfromOxfordin1930tostudyphilosophy,politicsandeconomics.InJanuary1942,theNaziGermantroopsbombed(轰炸）Londonalmostnightandnight.ThisforcedtheHawkingfamilytomovetoOxfordforrefuge(避难).TheyreturnedtoLondonafterthebirthofHawking.Whenhewasachild,Hawking'sacademicperformancewasnotoutstanding,buthelikedtodesignverycomplextoys.Itissaidthatheusedsomewastetomakeasimplecomputer.2021/5/94WhoWasStephenHawking?1.TurningPoint——graduateeducationatCambridge2.In1963,hewasunfortunatetobediagnosedwithALSwhenhewas21.Atthattime,thedoctortoldhimtoliveforonlytwoyears,buthesurvived.3.In1965,hemarried.Marriagegavehimthedeterminationtoliveandmakeprofessionalprogressintheworldofscience.2021/5/95WhoWasStephenHawking?StephenHawking(1942.1.8-2018.3.14)wasaBritishscientist,professorandauthorwhoperformedgroundbreaking（开创性的）workinphysicsandcosmology,andwhosebookshelpedtomakescienceaccessibletoeveryone.Atage21,whilestudyingcosmologyattheUniversityofCambridge,hewasdiagnosedwithamyotrophiclateralsclerosis(ALS).BritishCosmologistALSprofessorauthorphysicist2021/5/96OnereasonforHawking'ssuccess:“TheStrong"familycharacter.Hawking'sgrandfatherwasoriginallyafarmer,oncequiterich.Inthefirstworldwar,theranchcloseddown.Atthispoint,Hawking'sgrandmotherstoodout,providingasourceoffamilyincomewhilekeepingfivechildreninthefamilytoreceiveeducation.Theschoolwassuccessfulandthefamilybusinessbegantodevelop.Hawking'sfather,frank,wasadmittedtothedepartmentofbiologyatOxfordUniversityandbecameanexpertontropicaldiseases.ThestrongandfearlessnatureofgrandmainfluencedbothHawking'sfatherandHawkinghimself.Beingstrongisthemostimportantcharacterintheirfamily.Italsoallowedmetoseehowhawkingcouldbearthepainandcontinuetodoscientificresearchinhiswheelchair.2021/5/97OnereasonforHawking'ssuccess:"Weirdfamilies"lovetotravelandreadHawking‘smother,Isabel,wasalsoanexcellentstudent,notonlyfromOxford,butalsointhreemajorprofessions:philosophy,politicsandeconomics.Thecouple,wholiveontheoutskirtsofLondonaftertheirmarriage,arethemostintelligentandeccentricfamilyintown.Intheagewhenonlythearistocracycouldaffordacar,thefamilywasnotrichenoughtobuyasecond-handtaxi.Accordingtohawking,hisparentstookthemtotheseasideeverysummervacationandspentawholeholidaythere.Infact,theircarisonlyconvenientforthemtotravelandexplorenature.Onthecontrary,thematerialrequirementsoftheirfamilyarebasicallyzero.Thefamilywassilent,andatthedinnertablewasoftenabookforeveryonetoreadandeat.Occasionallymeetwonderfulcontent,theyexchangeafewwordsofexperience.Thehawkingfamilyhasfewfurnitureanddecorations,butthebooksarestacked.2021/5/98OnereasonforHawking'ssuccess:Hasagroupoffriendswhoareinpursuitofadvancement.HighschoollifewasthegoldenageofHawking'slife,andalthoughhedideverythingslowerthanotherstudents,hisgradesweremediocre,buttheteachersthoughthewasclever.Theoptimisticandbrightstudentsintheclassaregoodfriendswithhim.Theylearntoplaytogether.Studentsrecallthathawkingwasthefavoritetodesignmanufacturinggames,withfactories,tracksandstockmarkets.ThemazewasalsoHawking'slove,andhislabyrinthgamesometimestookonenighttogetresults.Hawkingandhiscircleoffriendslovedtolistentoclassicalmusicandjazz,andworshippedthephilosopherRussell,whotalkedaboutphilosophy,theuniverseandreligion.Inhiscircle,hawkingiscalledEinstein.Sureenough,hawkingwaslaterhailedasthemostbrillianttheoreticalphysicistsinceEinstein.2021/5/99OnereasonforHawking'ssuccess:Meetagoodteacher.YoungHawkingisemergingandhassomethingtodowithagoodteacher.Themathteacher,DickTahta,wasayoungmasterofmathematics.Inhiscontactwithhawking,histeacherwasveryappreciativeofhimanddecidedthathewasagenius.Theteacher'sevaluationgavehawkingastrongsenseofconfidence.Underhisguidance,heandhisfriendsbuiltacomputer--onlythedepartmentofdefenseandseveraluniversitieshadcomputersatthetime.Severalstudentsdesignedtheirown,dismantledpartsfromthetelephoneswitchboardandweldedthemthemselves,andsucceededinmakingacomputer.Theeventmadehawkingfamousforthefirsttime.Fromthenon,hegraduallyrevealedhimselfinthefieldofmathematicsandphysics.2021/5/910WhoWasStephenHawking?Godcreatedbothagenius,butalsotocreateafool,whichdoesnotdependonnatural,individualeffortiscompletelydifferentresult.(上帝创造了一个天才，但也创造了一个傻瓜，这并不依赖于自然，个人的努力是完全不同的结果。)2021/5/911Actingasifnothingborneinmindisthebestrevenge.It'sallformyselftolivebetterlife.Alwayslistentoyourheartbecauseeventhoughit'sonyourleftside,it'salwaysright.Blessednessisofcomparativedegree,youwillfeelitwithmoreeasewhenthereissomethingunderyou.LittletitlehereLittletitlehereLittletitlehere2021/5/91202

IsaacNewton2021/5/913SirIsaacNewton（25December1642

–20March1726/27）wasanEnglishmathematician(数学家),astronomer(天文学家),theologian(神学家),authorandphysicist(describedinhisowndayasa“naturalphilosopher(自然哲学家)”whoiswidelyrecognisedasoneofthemostinfluentialscientistsofalltimeandakeyfigureinthescientificrevolution.HisbookPhilosophiæNaturalisPrincipiaMathematica("MathematicalPrinciplesofNaturalPhilosophy(自然哲学的自然原理)"),firstpublishedin1687,laidthefoundationsofclassicalmechanics.Newtonalsomadepathbreakingcontributionstooptics,andhesharescreditwithGottfriedWilhelmLeibnizfordevelopingtheinfinitesimalcalculus(微积分).2021/5/914WhenitcomestoNewton,peoplemightthinkhemustbea"childprodigy"asachild,"genius",hasaspecialintelligence.Actuallyotherwise,Newton'schildhoodthinbody,themindisnotwise.Whenathomereading,isnotveryhard,isinferioringradesintheclass.Buthisinterestisextensive,thegameofskillisalsohigherthannormalchildren.OnereasonforNewton'ssuccess:stronghands-onskill：2021/5/915Newton'shobbyistoproducemechanicalmodelofthekindofpride,suchaswindmills,waterwheel,sundial,etc.,hecraftedawaterclocktimingaccurately,gottheapprovalofthepeople.Sometimes,heplaymethodisalsoverystrange.Oneday,hemadealanternonthekitetail.Whennightfalls,lightedlanternsborrowrisingforcerisesintothesky.Kiteglowinglanternsintheairflow,peoplearefrightenedandthoughtthatwasacomet.However,becauseofhisbadgrades,areoftendiscriminatedagainst.2021/5/916OnereasonforNewton'ssuccess:HardworkingNewton'smathematicalknowledgeisveryshallow,16ofadvancedmathematicsknowledgeevendon'tknow."knowledgeisgainedbyaccumulation,smartfromlearning".Newtondecidedtothepeakofclimbingthemathematics.Throughtheirowneffortsintheweakfoundationofadverseconditions,Newtoncancorrectviewofoneselfandsoundbites.Hetolearnfromthebasicknowledge,basicformulas,thesolidwork,theadvancingstepbystep.AfterhefinishedtheEuclideangeometry,andstudythecartesiangeometry,contrastthinkEuclideangeometry,shallowandcarefullystudyflute'sgeometry,untilmasteressentialsanddigest.Hencetheinventedthealgebraofthebinomialtheorem.2021/5/917ThelegendaryNewtoncalculatewind"inthe"bigstormmadecanbeusedasevidenceofNewton'smechanicsbody.Oneday,thedayblowingbigstorms.Runtocryofthewind,thedustsettles,fanlong,makeitdifficulttoopen.Newtonthoughtitisagoodchancetostudyandcalculationofwindaccurately.Then,andhetooktheappliance,beatupanddowninthestormalone.Hestumbled,painfullymeasurement.Severaldustlosthiseyes,thewindblowawaythepaper,severaltimesafewtimesthewindmadehimhadtosuspendwork,butdidnotshakehisseekingknowledgedesire.Heagainandagain,finallygetthecorrectdata.Heissohappy,hurriedtogohome,tocontinuetheirstudies.2021/5/918Legend

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