高考英语外刊精读系列10+学案

一周(5.13-5.19)英语外刊精读MondayRecently,anonlinevideoshowingagirlwithcerebralpalsy(脑瘫)fromChongqingbreakingfreefromherassistivedeviceandmanagingtoreachthefinishlineinaschoolsportsmeetinghasmovedmanynetizens.LiWenya,10yearsold,hasbeensufferingfromcerebralpalsysinceshewassevenmonthsold.Hermother,ChengPing,gavebirthtoherandhertwinsisteratanadvancedage.Wenya,theolderoneofthetwins,wasfoundtohavethedisease.ChengandherhusbandthenstartedtotakeWenyatoseedoctorsandhelpherwithrehabilitationtraining.BeforeWenyaattendedtheschool,hermotherhadconsideredsendinghertospecialschoolsforthedisabled.Butsheknewthatherdaughterwantedtoliveanormallifelikeherpeers.Aftermuchthought,ChengdecidedtosendWenyatoaprimaryschoolinthecity.Insteadofacceptingtheschool'sofferthatteacherscouldvisitherfamilytwiceaweektoteachherdaughter,themotherdecidedtoaccompanyherdaughtertostudyatschool.ToprovideWenyawithmoreconveniences,theschoolspeciallyemptiedaroomforher,whichwasequippedwithatable,abenchandasimplebed."WhenIwenthomeforcookingatnoon,herteachersandclassmateswouldhelpmydaughterreachtheroomtohavearest.Manyproblemsintheschoolhavebeensolved,"Chengsaid.Lastyear,theschoolalsoarrangeda30-meter-raceespeciallyforWenya,afterlearningthatthegirlwaseagertoparticipateinschoolsports.Thisyear,theschoolincreasedtherunningdistanceto40meters,andencouragedthegirltogetridofherassistanceforthelast10meters.Wenya,livinguptoexpectations,finallymadeit."There'sashininglightinhereyes,whichisfullofconfidenceandanticipationforthefuture,"saidCheng.AccordingtoWenya'steacher,thegirlhasapassionforstudyingandoftenactivelytakespartinmanyhobbyclasses,suchassingingandpainting.What’sthebesttitleofthepassage?WhatdoestheunderlinedwordinPara3probablymean?TuesdayHumanscanbepoor

judges

oftheirownability.So,youmightnotbeasgood,orasbad,asyouthinkyouare.Psychologistshavefoundtheless

expertise

youhaveinsomething,themorelikelyyouareto

overestimate

your

competence

init.Andinadigitalerawhere

self-assured

socialmediainfluencersgiveyou'lifehacks',andface-to-faceconversationismorelimited,thispsychological

phenomenon

seemsimportanttoremember.

ThisconceptiscalledtheDunning-Krugereffect,namedafterthepsychologistsDavidDunningandJustinKruger.Backinthe90s,theyfoundacorrelationbetweenaperson's

lack

ofskillsandabilityandalackofawarenessoflackofability.Theyare

ignorant

totheirown

limitations.Thisplaysoutinvariousareasoflife,suchasinmedicaldiagnosis.Forexample,DunningtoldBBCRadio4that,onethirdofthetime,doctorsdisagreewithpatientswhoself-diagnoseusinginternetsourcesratherthanseeingamedicalprofessional.Whetherit'sjudgingjokes,logicalreasoning,orgrammar,thepatternisthesame:theless

skilled

youare,themore

over-confident

youare.

Ontheflipsideis

intellectualhumility.Thismeanshavinga

modest

orlowviewofyourimportanceorabilities.ElizabethJ.Krumrei-Mancuso,ProfessorofPsychologyatPepperdineUniversity,foundthatahigher

willingness

toacknowledgecognitivelimitations,andtheabilitytoembracediverse

perspectives,isconnectedwithamoreaccurateperceptionofintelligence.

Howcanweusethisknowledgetohelpusineverydaylife?TenellePorter,apsychologistatRowanUniversity,toldtheBBCthatknowingthis"opensusuptobeingintellectually

humble,toadmittingeverythingthatwedon'tyetknow".Andcurrentstudiessuggestthatthosewithhigherintellectualhumilityaremoreopentonegotiating,compromisingandexploringinformation.

So,embracetheunknownandremember,there'salwaysmoretolearn.

词汇表

expertise专业知识 overestimate高估 competence能力

self-assured自信的 phenomenon现象 ignorant无知的

limitation局限 skilled有技能的

over-confident 过度自信的，自负的intellectualhumility智性谦逊，认识并承认自己能力的局限性

modest谦逊的 willingness意愿

perspective观点，看待问题的角度humble谦虚的

测验与练习

阅读课文并回答问题。What’sthebesttitleofthepassage?2.Whoismostlikelytooverestimatetheircompetenceinsomething?

3.WhatcorrelationdidDunningandKrugerfind?

4.Whododoctorsdisagreewithonethirdofthetime,andwhatdotheydisagreeabout?

5.Whatisintellectualhumility?

6.Trueorfalse?

Peoplewithhighintellectualhumilityaremoreopentonegotiating.

选择意思恰当的单词或词组来完成下列句子。

1.Her_______toacceptfeedbackmakesherabettercandidate.

expertise awareness willingness ignorance

2.Thevisaisforprofessionalsonly.That'swhyit'scalleda_______workervisa.

humble overconfident modest skilled

3.Watchingthenewscanreallyputyourownsufferinginto_______.

humility limitation perspective competence

4.Thisdishdoesn'thavemuchflavour.It's_______salt,Ithink.

lacking judging correlating admitting

5.Paulaisn'tshy.Infact,she'stheopposite–_______!

intellectual able accurate confidentWednesdayMeat,milk,cheese-justsomeofthethingsprovidedbygoats.Butnowwecanalsoadd

firesafety

tothislist.As

wildfires

damageincreasinglylargeareasoftheplaneteachyear,

goatherds

mayofferawayofreducingthe

risk.Wildfiresaremadepossiblebyhot,dry

weather

conditions

aswellasasupplyofdead

vegetation

thatservesas

fuel.Wemayhavelimitedcontroloverthefirstfactor,

but

we

can

control

the

second.

Reducing

the

fuel

load

lowers

theprobabilityofwildfiresoccurring,aswellastheamountofdamagecaused.Thisiswherewecanturntogoatstoprovideasolution.Goatsarebeingusedfor

landscapemanagement

in

a

number

of

places

aroundtheworld,

includingGreece,Spain,Portugal,ChileandvariouspartsoftheUnitedStates.Goatshaveaverytough

digestivesystem.

Manykindsofvegetationthatare

toxic

tootheranimalscanbeeasilyeatenbygoats.

It'snotjustfully-grownplantsthatgoatsareabletodealwith:anyseedsthatpassthroughagoatbecome

non-viable

andwillnotgrow.Human

clearance

teamshavetoworryaboutgettingtohard-to-reach

vegetation

patches-goatsdon't.Theyareskilledmountainclimbersandwhenstandingontheir

hind

legs,canreachuptotwometresto

devour

shrubs

and

grass

that

humanswould

struggle

to

reach.Because

of

this,

using

goats

can

reduce

both

the

possibility

of

workplaceaccidentsandtheamountofmoneyspenton

fire

protection

measures.Goatherdshavebeenfoundtoclearsomepatchesoflandforathirdofthepriceofhumanvegetationcontrolteams.Costandsafetyaren'ttheonlybenefits.Goatsarequieterthan

lawnmowers

andpeopleusuallyprefertoseegoats

grazing

ratherthanlitresof

herbicide

being

sprayed

ontheland.Childrenareoftenfascinatedtoseethegoatsatworkandthisprovidesanopportunitytoeducatepeopleaboutpreventingwildfires.词汇表firesafety消防安全 wildfire

野火 goatherd

山羊群risk

风险，隐患 weatherconditions

天气状况 vegetation

植被，植物fuel

燃料，易燃物 fuelload

（一定空间内的）易燃物总量landscapemanagement

景观生态管理 digestivesystem

消化系统toxic

有毒的 non-viable

无法生存的clearance

清理，清除（杂草等植物）vegetationpatch

植被斑块 hindleg

后腿 devour

吞食shrub

灌木 fireprotectionmeasure防火措施lawnmower

割草机 graze

吃草 herbicide

除草剂spray

喷洒测验与练习阅读课文并回答问题。What’sthebesttitleofthispassage?Whattwothingsdoesthearticlesaymakewildfirespossible?Whyaregoatsmoresuitabletothistaskthanotheranimals?Whathappenstoseedsthatareeatenbygoats?5.Whattwopossibleadvantagesofgoatherdsoverhumanvegetationclearanceteamsarementioned?选择意思恰当的单词或词组来完成下列句子。1.Thiscarisveryefficientsoitdoesn'tusemuch________.

fuel

fireprotection

fuelload

safety

2.Loweringthe________offiredamageisimportant.

vegetation

toxic

fuel

risk

3.________goatsonlandimprovesitscondition.

Planting

Grazing

Clearing

Devouring

4.Manysnakesquickly________theirprey.

devour

shrub

herd

graze

5.Leftalone, a________canbecomeafirerisk.

goatherd

landscape

vegetationpatch

herbicideThursdayThehumpback'ssongsoundedsostrangeand

haunting

tosailors,theyusedtothinkitbelongedtoghostsormythicalseacreatures.Now,astudyhasrevealedhowtheanimalsproducetheircomplexsongs.Researchersexaminedthe

voiceboxes

ofthreedeadwhales:

larynxes

thatweretakenfroma

stranded

minke,humpbackandaseiwhale.PumpingairintothegiantU-shapedstructuresfromthewhales'throatsshowedhowthey

vibrate

tomakeasoundwhenairmovesacrossthem.That'ssimilartohowour

vocalfolds

work,but

baleen

whalescanrecycletheairaroundthisspecialisedvocal

anatomy,meaningtheycansingwhileholdingtheirbreathwithout

inhaling

water.Moreanalysisshowedthatthefrequencyofthewhalesongoverlapswiththenoiseshipsproduce,sothesoundofhumanactivityintheoceancaninterruptcommunicationthat'sessentialtotheseanimals'lives.座头鲸的鲸歌听起来很奇怪，让水手们难以忘记，他们曾认为这种“歌声”来自鬼魂或神话中的海洋生物。现在，一项研究揭示了这些动物唱出复杂“歌声”的原理。研究人员检查了三头死鲸体内的“音箱”，也就是它们的“喉部”，三头死鲸分别是一头因被搁浅而死亡的小鳁鲸、一头座头鲸和一头塞鲸。研究人员向巨大U型结构的鲸鱼喉咙中注入空气，结果发现当空气流过时，这个U型结构通过振动发声。这些鲸鱼的发声方式与我们声带的发声方式相似，但须鲸可以回收循环利用其体内这种特殊的发声结构周围的空气，这意味着它们可以不吸水而屏住呼吸“唱歌”。进一步的分析表明，鲸歌的频率与船只行驶时产生的噪音重叠，因此海洋中人类活动的声音会干扰这些鲸鱼生活中至关重要的沟通和交流过程。词汇表haunting令人难忘的 voiceboxes音箱 larynxes喉头，喉咙

stranded搁浅的 vibrate振动 vocalfolds声带

baleen鲸须，有鲸须的 anatomy（动植物的）结构 inhaling吸气阅读理解：请在读完上文后，回答下列问题。Whatdidsailorsusetothinkwhalesongwas?Whichwhalebodypartdidtheresearchersuseforthisstudy?Whatisdifferentabouthowwhalessingcomparedtohumans?Whycanhumanactivityinterruptwhalecommunication?What’sthebesttitleofthispassage?FridayThephysicalandmental

dexterity

neededto

master

amusicalinstrumenthaslongbeenassociatedwithimproved

cognitiveperformance.Butnow,researchersattheUniversityofEdinburghhavedemonstrateditcanalsodelaythe

mentaldecline

associatedwithageing.