劳动力与就业问题(全解版)-2023年高考英语名校试题热点重点话题

2023年高考英语名校试题热点重点话题精选

精选04劳动力与就业问题

热点介绍

就业是最大的民生，关系到千家万户的生活。我国有14亿多的人口、9亿劳动力，解决好就业问题,

始终是经济社会发展的一项重大任务。党的十八大以来，按照党中央决策部署，各地区、各部门紧紧围绕

实现更加充分更高质量的就业目标，深入实施就业优先战略，丰富发展积极的就业政策，持续强化就业优

先导向，在我国经济下行、外部环境复杂严峻的情况下，就业局势保持总体稳定，在14亿多人口的大国实

现了比较充分的就业，成为民生改善、经济发展的重要支撑。

十年来，我国城镇新增就业年均超1300万人，十年累计实现城镇新增就业1.3亿人。数据显示，2014

年城镇就业人员比重首次超过乡村，我国城乡就业格局已经发生历史性改变，2021年城镇就业人员占比达

到62.7%,比2012年提高了13.8个百分点。与此同时，中西部地区劳动力就近就地就业和返乡创业趋势明

显，许多市县由劳务输出地变成了劳务输入地，“就业不再去远方，家乡就是好地方''成为务工新潮流，区域

就业结构更趋均衡。

十年来，高校毕业生、农民工、就业困难人员等重点群体就业平稳。重点群体稳，就业大局稳。在高

校毕业生人数连年增长的情况下，实现了8000多万高校毕业生总体就业水平保持稳定。农民工总量从2012

年的26261万人增至2021年的29251万人。累计促进失业人员再就业5501万人，帮扶困难人员就业1768万

人。

值得注意的是，党的十八大以来，就业扶贫发挥了巨大功效。在脱贫攻坚战略实施期间，90%以上建档

立卡贫困人口得到了产业扶贫和就业扶贫支持，三分之二以上主要靠外出务工和产业脱贫。我国累计建设

扶贫车间32688个，吸纳贫困人口家门口就业43.7万人，全国外出务工贫困劳动力将近3000万人。

每一份工作的背后，都连接着一个家庭的幸福。党的十八大以来，就业在推动经济社会稳定协调发展

方面发挥了积极作用，无论是城镇登记失业率，还是城镇调查失业率，都保持在较低水平。即使面临经济

下行压力加大、中美贸易摩擦和新冠肺炎疫情等各种内外部因素的冲击，我国的劳动力市场依然表现出较

强的韧性。（来源：光明网，2022年09月13日）

题型精选

序号题型主要内容

1阅读理解在家办公成为常态后的影响

2阅读理解美国零售行业员工辞职去寻求新工作的利弊

3阅读理解自动化在农业中的应用对农业及劳动力的影响

4阅读理解人的教育经历对工作及收入的影响

5阅读理解“懒惰”往往能驱动我们进行创新

6阅读理解市场调节劳动力短缺问题

7阅读理解NBA巨星KevinDurant的母亲的金钱观教育

8七选五直播销售的现状以及对农村产业的发展的优势

9完形填空一战后美国南方黑人涌入北方工业城市的原因及影响

一、阅读理解

1

（2022•湖南•高三阶段练习）Asmanyofficeworkersadapttoremotework,citiesmayundergofundamental

changeifofficesremainunder-utilized.Whowillbenefitifworkingfromhomebecomesthenorm?

Employersarguetheymakeconsiderablesavingsonrealestatewhenworkersshiftfromofficetohomework.

However,thesesavingsresultfrompassingcostsontoworkers.

Unlessemployeesarefullycompensated,thiscouldbecomeavariantofparasitic（变异的）capitalism,

wherebycorporateprofitsincreasinglyrelyonextractingvaluefromthepublic-andnowpersonal-realm,rather

thanongeneratingnewvalue.

Thoughemployersarebackedbyachorusofremoteworkadvocates,othersnotetheloneliness,reduced

productivityandinefficienciesofextendedremotework.

Ifworkingfromhomebecomespermanent,employeeswillhavetodedicatepartoftheirprivatespacetowork.

Thisrequirespurchasingdesks,chairsandofficeequipment.

Italsomeanshavingprivatespacededicatedtowork:thespacemustbeheated,cleaned,maintainedandpaid

for.Thatdependsonmanythings,butforpurposesofillustration,IhaverunsomeestimatesforMontreal.The

exerciseissimplebutimportant,sinceitbringsthesecostsoutoftherealmofspeculationintotherealmof

meaningfuldiscussion.

Roughcalculationsshowthatthesavingsmadebyemployerswhentheirstaffworksfromhomeareofsimilar

valuetothecompensationworkersshouldreceiveforsettingupofficesathome.

Whatdoesthismeanforofficesincities?Oneoftwothingsmayhappen:Employerspassthesecostsonto

employees.Thiswouldbeaformofexpropriation（侵占），withemployeesabsorbingproductioncoststhathave

traditionallybeenpaidbytheemployer.Thisrepresentsaconsiderabletransferofvaluefromemployeesto

employers.

Whenemployeesareproperlycompensated,employers'realestatesavingswillbemodest.Ifsavingsare

modest,thenthemanyadvantagesofworkinginoffices-suchaslivelyatmosphere,rapidityofcommunication,

team-buildingandacclimatization（适应环境）ofnewemployees-willencourageemployerstoshelvetheideaof

remoteworkand,likeYahooin2013,encourageemployeestoworkmostofthetimefromcorporateofficespace.

I.Whatdoestheauthorsayaboutworkingfromhome?

A.Itwillbecomethenormsoonerorlater.

B.Itrequiresemployeestoadaptpromptly.

C.Itbenefitsemployersattheexpenseofemployees.

D.Itwillforcecitiestotransformtheirinfrastructure.

2.Whydosomepeopleopposeworkingfromhome?

A.Itdiscouragesteamspirit.

B.Itunderminestraditionalvalues.

C.Itinvadesemployees9privacy.

D.Itnegativelyimpactsproductivity.

3.WhydidtheauthorruntheestimatesforMontreal?

A.Toprovideconvincingdataforseriousdiscussion.

B.Toillustratetheongoingchangeinworkingpatterns.

C.Toshowtheimpactofremoteworkingonproductivity.

D.Toexemplifyhowremoteworkingaffectstheeconomy.

4.Whatistheauthor'sopiniononworkingfromhome?

A.Itshouldbeavoidedifpossible.

B.Itisonlyatemporarymeasure.

C.Itcanreducecompanies'realestatecosts.

D.Itmayaffectemployees'corporateloyalty.

【答案】l.c2.D3.A4.A

【解析】本文是•篇议论文，主要论述的是如果在家办公成为常态，谁会受益。

1.细节理解题。根据第二段的“Employersarguetheymakeconsiderablesavingsonrealestatewhenworkersshift

fromofficetohomework.However,thesesavingsresultfrompassingcostsontoworkers.（雇主们辩称，当员工从

办公室转移到家庭工作时，他们可以在房地产方面节省相当多的资金。然而，这些节省来自于将成本转嫁

给工人户可知，在家工作以牺牲员工的利益为代价让雇主受益。故选C。

2.推理判断题。根据第四段的“Thoughemployersarebackedbyachorusofremoteworkadvocates,othersnote

theloneliness,reducedproductivityandinefficienciesofextendedremotework.（尽管雇主们得到了远程工作倡

导者的•致支持，但也有人指出了远程工作带来的孤独感、生产力下降和效率低下）''可知，有些人反对在家

工作是因为这会对生产力产生负面影响。故选D。

3.推理判断题。根据倒数第四段的“Italsomeanshavingprivatespacededicatedtowork:thespacemustbe

heated,cleaned,maintainedandpaidfor.Thatdependsonmanythings,butforpurposesofillustration,1haverun

someestimatesforMontreal.（这还意味着要有专门用于工作的私人空间：这些空间必须有暖气、清洁、维护

和费用。这取决于很多因素，但为了说明，我对蒙特利尔进行了一些估算）''可知，作者要对蒙特利尔进行估

算是为了为严肃的讨论提供有说服力的数据。故选A。

4.推理判断题。根据最后一段的“Ifsavingsaremodest,thenthemanyadvantagesofworkinginoffices-suchas

livelyatmosphere,rapidityofcommunication,team-buildingandacclimatizationofnewemployees-willencourage

employerstoshelvetheideaofremoteworkand,likeYahooin2013,encourageemployeestoworkmostofthe

timefromcorporateofficespace.（如果节省的成本不多，那么在办公室工作的许多优势---比如活跃的氛围、

快速的沟通、团队建设和新员工的适应能力——将鼓励雇主搁置远程工作的想法，并像2013年的雅虎一样，

鼓励员工大部分时间在公司办公空间工作）”可知I,作者对在家工作的看法是如果可能的话，应该避免这样做。

故选Ao

2

（2022•柳州高级中学模拟预测）Atfirstglance,itlookslikeasmallrevolutionishappeninginretail（零售）

inAmerica.Nearly650,000workersinthesectorquittheirjobsinApril,thebiggestnumberinover20years.

Drivenbyacombinationoflowwages,COVID-19risks,andharassment（烦扰）fromcustomers,manyareleaving

theirretailjobsbehindinsearchofsomethingdifferent.

Evenbeforethepandemic,alotofretailjobsweren'tgoodjobs.In2017,thetypicalpayforfull-timeworkers

inthesectorwaslessthan$33,000ayear,notenoughtoliveoninmanyplaces.Andunpredictableschedulesleft

manyworkersscramblingtoarrangechildcareortransportationatamoment'snotice,neversureifthey'dget

enoughhourseachweektopaytheirbills.Jobsintheindustrywerelargelyconsideredtemporaryjobswithlow

statusandlowpay.

Then,whenthepandemichit,thosejobsalsobecamedangerous,asemployeesatgrocerystoresandbig-box

retailerslikeTargetandWalmarthadtoworkinpersonwhileothersshelteredathome.Atleast158grocerystore

workershavediedofCOVID-19andatleast35,100havebeeninfectedorexposedandnumbersfortheindustryas

awholearelikelymuchhigher.Thentherearethecustomers.Harassmentandrudenessareafactoflifeinmany

retailjobs,evenundernormalconditions.Customerswouldoftenyellatgroomersoverthingslikenotbeingableto

provideacertaincutorserviceforadog.

Retailworkerswhohaveconcernsabouttheircurrentjobsmayalsohavemorechoicesthanbefore.Withthe

economyreopeningandmanybusinesseslookingtohire,there'sademandforlaboracrosssectors.Butthatdoesn't

necessarilymeantheyweremovingontobetterjobs-wagesacrossindustrieshaven'tmeaningfullyrisen,

meaningworkerswhoquitaren't,asawhole,makingmoremoney.Thefactthatworkersmayhavemorechoices,

fornow,isn'tyettranslatingintobetterchoices.Overall,it'snotclearthatthelargenumberofworkersquitting

reallymeanstheyhavemorepowerintheeconomy-powertodemandnotjustanewjobbutonewithhigherpay,

betterconditions,andfairertreatmentfromcustomersandmanagersalike.

5.WhatcanwelearnfromParagraph1?

A.Alotofretailworkersresigntheirjobs.

B.TheretailindustryinAmericaispromising.

C.Manyworkersquitjustbecauseoflowpay.

D.ThecustomersinAmericaarereallyannoying.

6.Whatmainlymadetheretailjobsmoredifficultduringthepandemic?

A.Workershadfewerjobopportunities.

B.Workers9lifesafetywasindanger.

C.Mostoftheretailjobsweretemporary.

D.Workersreceivedmoreharassmentfromcustomers.

7.Whatisauthor'sopinionaboutthephenomenoninretail?

A.Hethinksitrequirespublicattention.

B.Hearguesithasimproved.

C.Hebelievesitapositivedevelopment.

D.Hesupposesitmaynotbringgoodresults.

8.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthepassage?

A.Doyouwanttofindabetterjob?

B.Doesthepandemichittheretailjobs?

C.Doesanewjobmeanabetterjob?

D.Weretheretailjobsgoodornot?

【答案】5.A6.B7.D8.C

【解析】本文是说明文加议论文，文章描述了美国零售行业发生的一些变化，许多员工辞职去寻求新工作，

但作者认为新的工作并不意味着是一份更好的工作。

5.细节理解题。根据文章第一段的“Nearly650,000workersinthesectorquittheirjobsinApril,thebiggest

numberinover20years.”（今年4月，该行业有近65万名员工辞职，这是20多年来的最大数字。）可知，

零售行业的许多员工在4月辞职了。故选A。

6.细节理解题。根据文章第三段的"Then,whenthepandemichit,thosejobsalsobecamedangerous,as

employeesatgrocerystoresandbig-boxretailerslikeTargetandWalmarthadtoworkinpersonwhileothers

shelteredathome.Atleast158grocerystoreworkershavediedofCOVID-19andatleast35,100havebeen

infectedorexposedandnumbersfortheindustryasawholearelikelymuchhigher.（然后，当疫情袭来时，这

些工作也变得危险，因为杂货店和塔吉特（Target）和沃尔玛（Walmart）等大型零售商的员工不得不亲自工作，

而其他人则待在家里。少有158名杂货店工作人员死于COVID-19,至少有35,100人被感染或接触过，整

个行业的数字可能要高得多。）可知，员工要在新冠疫情期间外出工作，生命安全没有保障。故选B。

7.推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Butthatdoesn'tnecessarilymeantheyweremovingontobetterjobs—

wagesacrossindustrieshaven'tmeaningfullyrisen,meaningworkerswhoquitaren't,asawhole,makingmore

money.Thefactthatworkersmayhavemorechoices,fornow,isn'tyettranslatingintobetterchoices.（随着经，齐

重新开放，许多企业寻求招聘，各行各业都对劳动力有需求。但这并不一定意味着他们找到了更好的工作

—各行各业的工资并没有明显提高，这意味着辞职的工人总体上并没有赚到更多的钱。就目前而言，员

工可能有更多的选择，但这并没有转化为更好的选择。）可知，作者认为换一份新工作不一定会有好结果。

故选D。

8.主旨大意题。根据文章大意，美国的零售行业发生了一些改变，很多员工辞职去找寻新的工作，但作者

认为辞职的工人总体上并没有赚到更多的钱。就目前而言，员工可能有更多的选择，但这并没有转化为更

好的选择，所以这并不意味着是一份更好的工作。因此，选项C“一份新工作是否意味着一份更好的工作?”

为最佳标题。故选C。

3

（2022•安徽•高三开学考试）Whenpeoplethinkoffarmingtoday,theyusuallypictureatractor（拖拉机）

ratherthanhorsesinthefarmland.That'sbecausetractorsthatreliedonenginesrevolutionizedfarminginthelate

1800s.Nowanewtypeoftractorcandothesameinthe21stcentury.

Agriculturehasbeenchangingdramaticallyinthelastfewdecades.Thepushforinnovationisfedbytheneed

toproducelargeramountsoffoodforagrowingworldpopulation.Autonomoustractorsmaybethekeytosolving

thischallenge.Theycanbeusedtocarryoutlabor-intensivefarmingwhileallowingfarmerstodootherwork.A

bigplusisthatitcanincreasecropoutputwhilereducingcostsbecausetheautonomousmachinescanworkinall

weatherconditionswithoutanyrest.

Partofpushforautomationisashortageoffarmworkersduetopeople'sdesiretohavehigherpayingjobs

withbetterworkconditions.FarmownersarecompetingagainstcompanieslikeAmazonandrestaurantsthatare

raisingwagestoattractworkers.uWithlaborshortagesandtheincreaseinthehourlywagesthathavetobepaidin

ordertobecompetitive,allofasuddenautomationseemslikeamorereasonabledecision/'saidDavidSwartz,a

professoratPennStateUniversity.

Manybelievethetimeisripeforanautonomousrevolutionbecauseroboticsisalreadyinuseinagriculture.

OnecompanythatisworkingtobringautonomoustractorsintomainstreamfarmingisBlueandWhiteRobotics,

anIsraeliagriculturaltechnologycompany,whosemissionistomakeafullyautonomousfarm.Thecompany

releasedanautonomoustractorkitinFebruary2021thatcanbefixedonanyexistingtractor.Thekitincludes

cameradetection,speedcontrols,aswellasananti-crashsystem.BlueandWhite'skitisbeingusedbyWestCoast

growersintheUS.Itmaysooncometoafarmnearyou.

9.WhatcontributestotheagriculturalrevolutionaccordingtoParagraph2?

A.Theurgetofeedmorepeople.B.Theextremeweatherconditions.

C.Theneedtoreducefarmingcost.D.Thedesireforautomaticfarming.

10.WhatisSwartz'sattitudetoautomation?

A.Critical.B.Negative.C.Supportive.D.Indifferent.

11.WhatcanbeinferredaboutBlueandWhite'skit?

A.Ithasbeenwidelyused.B.Itcanbemadeinmanyfirms.

C.Itcanimprovesafetyoftractors.D.Itwilldetectthewayoffarming.

12.Whatmaybeasuitabletitleforthetext?

A.AutomationIsTransformingAgricultureB.BigCompaniesAreMakingADifference

C.DriverlessTractorsAreWorthInvestingD.TraditionalFarmingIsFallingoutofDate

【答案】9.A10.C11.C12.A

【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述自动化在农业中的应用，并改变了农业。

9.推理判断题。根据文章第二段“Agriculturehasbeenchangingdramaticallyinthelastfewdecades.Thepush

forinnovationisfedbytheneedtoproducelargeramountsoffoodforagrowingworldpopulalion.（在过去的几十

年中，农业发生了巨大的变化。为不断增长的世界人口生产更多粮食的需求推动了创新。）''可推断，因为世

界人口的增长，需要生产更多的粮食来养活更多的人，这促成了农业革命。故选A。

10.推理判断题。根据文章第三段“"Withlaborshortagesandtheincreaseinthehourlywagesthathavetobepaid

inordertobecompetitive,allofasuddenautomationseemslikeamorereasonabledecision,saidDavidSwartz,a

professoratPennStateUniversity.（宾夕法尼亚州立大学教授DavidSwartz说，“随着劳动力短缺，以及为了保

持竞争力而不得不支付的时薪上涨，突然之间，自动化似乎成了一个更合理的决定°”）“可知，DavidSwartz

认为自动化是合理的决定，所以推断DavidSwartz支持自动化。故选C。

11.推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“ThecompanyreleasedanautonomoustractorkitinFebruary2021thatcan

befixedonanyexistingtractor.Thekitincludescameradetection,speedcontrols,aswellasananti-crashsystem.

（该公司在2021年2月发布了一款自动拖拉机套件，可以安装在任何现有的拖拉机上。这套装备包括摄像头

检测、速度控制以及防碰撞系统。）“可知，BlueandWhite，skit包含侦测摄像头、速度控制以及防撞系统，

由此推断BlueandWhite'skit能够提高拖拉机的安全性。故选C。

12.主旨大意题。根据文章第二段“Agriculturehasbeenchangingdramaticallyinthelastfewdecades.（在过去的

几十年中，农业发生了巨大的变化。户及第三段“"Withlaborshortagesandtheincreaseinthehourlywagesthat

havetobepaidinordertobecompetitive,allofasuddenautomationseemslikeamorereasonabledecision,“said

DavidSwartz,aprofessoralPennStateUniversity.（宾夕法尼亚州立大学教授DavidSwartz说，“随着劳动力短

缺，以及为了保持竞争力而不得不支付的时薪上涨，突然之间，自动化似乎成了一个更合理的决定。可

知，自动化正应用在农业中，并改变农业。所以文章的标题应是“AutomationIsTransformingAgriculture（自

动化正在改变农业）故选A。

4

（2021•重庆巴蜀中学高三阶段练习）Doestheamountofeducationyou'vecompletedimpactthemoneyyou

earnduringyourworkingyears?Theshortanswerisyes.Studyafterstudyshowsthatthemoreeducation,the

higheryoursalary.Butthere'smoretothestory.Let'stakeadeeperlookintohoweducationaffectsincome,job

security,benefits,andretirement.

TheU.S.BureauofLaborandStatisticsrecentlypublisheddataabouteducationlevelsandincome.

Unsurprisingly,individualswithoutahighschooldiplomaearnthelowestannualsalary(about$31,000),andhave

thegreatestriskofbeingunemployed.Butiftheywentontoobtaintheirhighschooldiploma,they'dhavethe

potentialtoearncloseto$8,000moreperyear.

Whatcomesasasurpriseisthathavingcompletedsomecollegecourseworkisbetterthanhavingnocollege

creditsatall.Withsomecollegebutnodegree,onecanincreasehisannualearningsby$5,000overhavingahigh

schooldiplomaalone,andseehisjobsecurityincreaseabit.Butthebiggestjumpinannualsalarypotential,as

expected,comeswhensomeonegoesfromhavingahighschooldiplomatoearningabachelor'sdegree,whichis

abouta$26,000increaseannually.

Thereareseveralotherbenefitstoobtainingacollegedegree.TheLuminaFoundationreportsthatemployees

withbachelor'sdegreesare47%morelikelytogethealthinsurancecoverage.Also,CBSNewsfindsthatthose

withbachelor'sdegreesaremorelikelytoworkpastthetypicalretirementageandretirelater.

Thosewhoworkpastage65havemoreopportunitytosaveforretirement,andincreasetheireventualSocial

Securitybenefits.Inaddition,workingpastthetypicalretirementagekeepsthemintellectuallychallenged,engaged

withtheworldandconnectedtofriendsandcoworkers.

Thebottomlineisthateducationdoeshaveanimpactonyourpotentialearnings.Butthat'sjustonepartofthe

story.Moreeducationmayalsoleadtoincreasedjobsecurity,betteraccesstohealthcare,increasedsecurityin

retirement,andevenamorefulfillinglife.

13.Whatistheaverageyearlyincomeofpeoplewithbachelor'sdegrees?

A.About$70,000.B.About$65,000.

C.About$44,000.D.About$39,000.

14.Whichlevelofeducationisanunexpectedsalarybooster?

A.Nohighschooldiploma.B.Ahighschooldiploma.

C.Somecollegebutnodegree.D.Abachelor'sdegree.

15.Inwhatwaycanlateretirementbenefitus?

A.WeHlliveamorefulfillinglife.B.We'llreduceourlivingexpenses.

C.We'llenjoyincreasedjobsecurity.D.WeUlinvestoursavingsmorewisely.

16.Whatistheauthor'spurposeinwritingthetext?

A.Tostressthebenefitsofsecurejobs.

B.Topromoteawarenessofincomegaps.

C.Toillustratetheimportanceofeducation.

D.Tointroducetheimpactsofschoolsystems.

【答案】13.B14.C15.A16.C

【分析】本篇是说明文。文章阐述了人的教育经历对其工作的收入、稳定程度、其他福利、退休年龄等方

面的影响。

13.细节理解题。根据第二段“Unsurprisingly,individualswithoutahighschooldiplomaearnthelowestannual

salary（about$31,000）,andhavethegreatestriskofbeingunemployed.Butiftheywentontoobtaintheirhigh

schooldiploma,they'dhavethepotentialtoeamcloseto$8,000moreperyear.（毫不奇怪，没有高中文凭的个人

年薪最低（约31000美元），失业风险最大。但如果他们继续获得高中文凭，他们就有可能每年多赚近8000

美元）''和第三段"Butthebiggestjumpinannualsalarypotential,asexpected,comeswhensomeonegoesfrom

havingahighschooldiplomatoearningabachelor'sdegree,whichisaboutaS26,000increaseannually.（但正如

预期的那样，年薪增长潜力最大的是，当一个人从高中毕业到获得学士学位，每年大约增加26000美元）”

可知，拥有学士学位的人的平均年收入是31,000美元+8000美元+26000=65000美元。因此，拥有学士学

位的人的平均年收入是B项“About$65,000.（大约65000美元。户符合题意，故选B项。

14.细节理解题。根据第三段第•二句"Whatcomesasasurpriseisthathavingcompletedsomecollegecourse

workisbetterthanhavingnocollegecreditsatall.Withsomecollegebutnodegree,onecanincreasehisannual

earningsby$5,000overhavingahighschooldiplomaalone,andseehisjobsecurityincreaseabit.（令人惊讶的

是，完成•些大学课程总比没有大学学分要好。有了大学但没有学位，一个人的年收入可以比仅仅拥有高

中文凭增加5000美元，他的工作保障也会有所增加。户可知，上过大学但未获得学位的大学教育经历对薪

水的提升让人意外。因此，意外的加薪因素的教育水平是C项“Somecollegebutnodegree.（有些大学，但没

有学位。广符合题意，故选C项。

15.推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Thosewhoworkpastage65havemoreopportunitytosavefbrretirement,and

increasetheireventualSocialSecuritybenefits.Inaddition,workingpastthetypicalretirementagekeepsthem

intellectuallychallenged,engagedwiththeworldandconnectedtofriendsandcoworkers.（65岁以上工作的人有

更多的机会为退休储蓄，并增加他们最终的社会保障福利。此外，超过典型退休年龄的工作使他们在智力

上受到挑战，与世界接触，与朋友和同事保持联系。）”可知，延迟退休可以让人们有更多的机会储蓄、提高

人们的社保福利，还能让老年人在工作状态中保持思考、与世界相连、与朋友和同事保持联络，总的来说，

延迟退休能让人的生活更加满意。因此，延迟退休对我们有什么好处是A项"We'llliveamorefulfillinglife.

（我们会过上更充实的生活）''符合题意，故选A项。

16.推理判断题。通读全文,尤其是第一段“Studyafterstudyshowsthatthemoreeducation,thehigheryour

salary.（一项又一项研究表明，受教育程度越高，你的工资就越高。但故事还有很多。户以及最后一段“The

bottomlineisthateducationdoeshaveanimpactonyourpotentialearnings.Butthat'sjustonepartofthestory.

Moreeducationmayalsoleadtoincreasedjobsecurity,betteraccesstohealthcare,increasedsecurityinretirement,

andevenamorefulfillinglife.（归根结底，教育确实会影响你的潜在收入。但这只是故事的一部分。更多的

教育还可能带来更高的工作保障、更好的医疗保障、更高的退休保障，甚至更充实的生活）“可知，本文主要

说明J'受教育程度对个人收入、福利等等影响巨大。因此，作者写这篇文章的目的是C项“Toillustratethe

importanceofeducation”说明教育的重要性）”符合题意，故选C项。

5

（2022•天津•高三专题练习）In1910,theLosAngelesTimesranastoryaboutaboywhowaschargedwith

openingavalve（阀门）onawaterpumppoweredbyasteamenginetoreleasethebuilt-uppressure.Hiswholejob

consistedofstaringatthesemachinesallday,whichwasincrediblyboring.The"lazy"boytheninventedarelease

forthepumptorunjustasitshouldandwonhisfreedom.Thefirstautomaticsteamenginewasborn.

Thisstorymaybefictional,buttheboy'sbehaviorreflectsadeepertruth.Whenwearefeelinglazy,weoften

searchforaneasierway,tryingtoupdatetheprocessandsavetimeandeffort.Inotherwords,lazinesscandrive

innovation.

Inrecentyears,somepsychologistsandbusinessleadershavewiseduptothisinsight,changingour

perspectiveofwhatlazinessreallymeans.BothBillGatesandWalterChryslerhavebeencreditedwithaquote:"I

alwayschoosealazypersontodoahardjobbecausealazypersonwillfindaneasywaytodoit.”

Ourbrainsarebornforlaziness.Comparedwithourancestorswhohadtoconserveenergytocompetefor

fbod,fleefrompredators,andfight,wenowdon'ttakesurvivalasadailyissue.Itseemsnaturalthatwewould

choosetobe“lazier”,buttheoppositehasoccurred.AccordingtotheU.S.BureauofLaborStatistics,Americans

sleeplessandworkmorethanweusedto;productivityperworkerhasgoneup400percentsince1950.Ourculture

teachesusthatourworthdependsonhowindustriousweare,soweworkevenhardertoproduceevenmore.

Butthere5sonebigparadox（悖论），sadbuttrue:Theharderwework,thelessproductiveweare.When

demandincreases,wetendtopushharder.Yetthetroubleisthat,withoutanyrefreshandrecharge,weareless

efficient,makemoremistakes,andgetlessengagedwithwhatwe'redoing.

Therefore,howcanwemakeourlabormoremeaningfulandourlivesmorefulfilling?Currentresearchin

psychologyandneurosciencepointstoanewunderstandingofthevalueofthewanderingmind.Takingbreaksand

allowingyourthoughtstodriftcanhelpyourbrainretaininformation,refocus,andgainfreshperspective.

Here'sthecoreproblem:Whenthetimefinallycomestoputourfeetup,weoftendon'tknowhow.Wehave

littletraininginhowtobeidle.Butatleastgiveitashot.Maybethisweek,noticesomedowntimeinyourday,

somewhitespaceinyourcalendar.Insteadoffillingthespacewithmorework,justsitinthesofa,andbe,inthe

wordsofpoetMaryOliver,44idleandblessed.”

17.TheauthortellsthestoryinparagraphItoprove.

A.thekidneedspunishingB.boredomenhancesproductivity

C.creativitycontributestolazinessD.lazinessinspiresnewideas

18.Howdidtheauthorsupporthisopinioninthethirdparagraph?

A.Bylistingsomenumbersofbeinglazy.

B.Byquotingsomegreatfigures'words.

C.Bymakingacomparisonbetweentwogreatfigures.

D.Bygivingexamplesofhowtobecreative.

19.Whatcanweinferfromparagraph4?

A.Peoplenowadaysdon'thavetofacepoverty.B.Modernsocietyhonorscreativity.

C.Americanslivesapoorerlifethanbefore.D.Ancestorsconsiderindustryasavalue.

20.Whichofthefollowingideawilltheauthorprobablyagreewith?

A.Working24-7withatightschedule.

B.Takingthreepart-timejobstofillweekends.

C.Watchingastand-upcomedyafterabusyweekday.

D.Attendingaformaldinnerwithbusinesspurpose.

21.Theauthorwritesthispassageto.

A.comparethepreviousunderstandingofidlenesstothenew

B.persuadepeopletogiveupthevalueofhardwork

C.criticizetheirresponsibleattitudetowardslife

D.encouragepeopletokeeprefreshedforbetterworkandlife

【答案】17.D18.B19.D20.C21.D

【解析】这是一篇议论文。文章主要论述了一个新颖的观点：“懒惰”往往能驱动我们进行创新。

17.推理判断题。根据第一段的“The44lazy"boytheninventedareleaseforthepumptorunjustasitshouldand

wonhisfreedom.Thefirstautomaticsteamenginewasbom.（这个'懒惰’的男孩发明了一种能让水泵正常运转

的装置，赢得了自由。第一台自动蒸汽机诞生了）”和第二段“Thisstorymaybefictional,buttheboy'sbehavior

reflectsadeepertruth.Whenwearefeelinglazy,weoftensearchforaneasierway,tryingtoupdatetheprocessand

savetimeandeffort.Inotherwords,lazinesscandriveinnovation.（这个故事可能是虚构的，但这个男孩的行为

反映了一个更深层次的事实。当我们感到懒惰时，我们经常寻找更简单的方法，试图更新流程，节省时间

和精力。换句话说，懒惰可以推动创新厂推知，第一段提到这个男孩的故事是为了证明懒惰激发新想法，即

懒惰可以推动创新。故选D。

18.推理判断题。根据第三段“Inrecentyears,somepsychologistsandbusinessleadershavewiseduptothis

insight,changingourperspectiveofwhatlazinessreallymeans.BothBillGatesandWalterChryslerhavebeen

creditedwithaquote:"Ialwayschoosealazypersontodoahardjobbecausealazypersonwillfindaneasyway

todoit.”（近年来，一些心理学家和商界领袖认识到了这