Unit+1+Science+Fiction+练习评讲教案 高中英语人教版（2019）选择性必修第四册

评讲课Unit1ScienceFictionExercise（2）一、评讲目的：1．通过评讲让学生进一步掌握本单元所学知识及做题方法与技巧。2．通过评讲使学生弄清自己的错因，夯实学生的基础知识。3．通过评讲进一步提高学生的做题技巧，让学生熟练做题，提高做题效率。二、评讲方法：1、Checktheanswers.2、Talkaboutthefalsequestionsingroupsandfindoutthereasons.3、Explainthepuzzlesbyteachers.三、评讲过程：1、试题分析：(30min)阅读理解（难度：简单）Winningaremarkablescienceawardisreallyabigdeal,especiallyifyouare12yearsold.ButShanyaGill,amiddleschoolerfromSanJose,California,wonthetopawardintheThermoFisherScientificJuniorInnovatorsChallengefordesigningafiredetectionsystemthatissuperiortoexistingones,asstatedinthepressrelease.“Thetopwinnershaveexhibitedboundlesscuriosity,”MayaAjmerapresidentandCEOofSocietyforScience,saidinthepressrelease.“Theirremarkableresearchnotonlyreflectstheirtalentbutalsopavesthewayforanexcitingnewfuture.”Shanya’sinspirationcameafterafiredestroyedarestaurantinherneighborhoodduringthesummerof2022,reportedTheWashingtonPost.“Ihadneverreallyexperiencedsomethinglikethatbefore,”shetoldTheWashingtonPostabouttheearlymorningfireatHolder’sCountryInn,whichstartedinthekitchen.“Theyhadsmokedetectorsandyetitstillburneddown,”sheadded.Aftershestudiedfirestatistics,Shayaspentoverayeardevelopingafiredetectionsystemthatshebelievescouldhavepreventedthefire.Unliketraditionalsmokedetectorsthatsenseactivefiresfromthesmokeintheair,Shanya’sthermal(热的)imagingdeviceisdesignedtostopfiresfromoccurring.WithathermalcameraandaRaspberryPi,atinycomputerthedevicedetectswhenaheatsourcehasbeenleftunattendedfortenminutesandsendsatextmessagewarning.Creatingtheprototype(原型)wasdifficultandthehardestpartwastheprogramming,“Ihadtwodesigns,andmyfirstdesigncompletelyfailed.ItwasareallybigchallengeIhadtogothrough.”shesaid.Thefinaldeviceoutperformssmokedetectorsinspeedandaccuracy.Shanyawantstobringthecostsdowntomakeitevenmorecommonthanhardwiredsmokedetectors.“Shanyasawaproblem,wentafteritandtriedtosolveit,andthat’swhatweneedtoencouragewithallyoungpeople,”saidAjmera.Shealsohighlightedthesignificanceofsupportingindividuals,especiallygirlsandkidsofcolor,inSTEMfields,asresearchindicatesthatmanyyoungpeopledropoutoftheseareas.24.WhatcanwelearnaboutShanyafromthefirsttwoparagraphs?A.Shegainedalotofmoneyintheaward.B.Sheshowedacuriousnatureasaschooler.C.Shesetabigstageforyoungpeopleherage.D.Shewasjuniortootherwinnersinperformance.25.WhatmotivatedShanyatodevelopherfiredetectionsystem?A.Herdesiretowinthescienceaward.B.Herexperienceofadestructivefire.C.Herinterestincomputerprogramming.D.HergoaltoimproveSTEMeducationforgirls.26.WhatisanadvantageofShanya’sinvention?A.Itconsistsoftwopartsthatareeasiertoconduct.B.Itcansendoutawarningagainstapotentialfire.C.Itcandetectactivefiresfromthesmokeintheair.D.Itfunctionswhenafirebreaksoutwithin10minutes.27.WhichofthefollowingcanbestdescribeShanya?A.Reliable.B.Cooperative.C.Innovative.D.Generous.【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了来自加州圣何塞的中学生ShanyaGill在赛默飞世尔科学少年创新者挑战赛中获得了最高奖项，因为她设计了一种优于现有系统的火灾探测系统。文章介绍了这种系统开发背后的灵感来源以及优点。1.B细节理解题。根据第二段“Thetopwinnershaveexhibitedboundlesscuriosity,”MayaAjmerapresidentandCEOofSocietyforScience,saidinthepressrelease.(科学学会主席兼首席执行官玛雅·阿杰梅拉在新闻发布会上说：“顶级获奖者表现出了无限的好奇心。”)”可知，Shanya表现出学者好奇的天性。故选B。2.B细节理解题。根据第三段“Shanya’sinspirationcameafterafiredestroyedarestaurantinherneighborhoodduringthesummerof2022,reportedTheWashingtonPost.(据《华盛顿邮报》报道，Shanya的灵感来自于2022年夏天一场大火烧毁了她家附近的一家餐馆)”可知，经历了一场毁灭性的火灾促使Shanya开发她的火灾探测系统。故选B。3.A细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“Withathermalcameraandatinycomputer,thedevicedetectswhenaheatsourcehasbeenleftunattendedfortenminutesandsendsatextmessagewarning.(该设备配备了一个热像仪和一台微型电脑，当热源无人看管超过10分钟时，它就会检测到，并发出短信警告。)”可知，Shanya的发明优点在于可以发出潜在火灾的警告。故选A。提问：七选五（难度：较易）TheSpotlightEffectHaveyoueverfeltasiftheentireworldwaswatchingwhileyoumadeamistake?Well,here’ssomegoodnews:it’slikelythatnooneevennoticed.36Wehavethisexperiencenotonlywhenwemakemistakesbutalsowhenweperformwell.Everytimewedosomethingthatisalittledifferentfromwhatweusuallydo,wemayassumethateveryonearounduswillnotice.Thespotlighteffectmighthappenwhenwemakeamistakeinagame,haveabadhairday,orgiveaterribleanswerinclass.37Inthesemoments,itfeelslikeeveryoneiswatching.Thespotlighteffectexistsbecauseweallgetusedtoseeingthingsthroughourowneyes.Everypersonisthemaincharacterinhisorherstory,andtheeventsofourlivesseemtohavegreatimportance.38Thespotlighteffectisaverycommonpartofthehumanexperience.However,insomecases,itcanleadtoextremesocialanxietyandnervousnessaroundotherpeople.Everyonesufferssomedegreeofsocialanxiety.Weallcareaboutwhatothersthink,andweallwanttobeliked.It’snormaltowonderaboutwhateffectwehaveonotherpeople.39Ifsomeoneissonervousthattheycan’tmakegooddecisions,thenit’stimetotakeactionandimprovethesituation.Learningaboutthespotlighteffectisimportantbecauseitcanhelpusreduceouranxiety.Nexttimeyoufeellikeeveryoneisstaringatyou,remindyourselfthatit’sjustyourmindplayingtricksonyou.40Ifyoufillyourmindwiththoughtsofyourfriendsandfamily,itwillhelpyoubelessself-conscious.A.However,thiscanbeaproblemwhentheanxietyistoomuchtohandle.B.That’swhyfewerpeoplenoticetheembarrassingcircumstancestheyencounter.C.Anothergoodexerciseistomakeanefforttonoticethepeoplearoundyou,ratherthanfocusingonyourself.D.Thespotlighteffectisatrickofthemindthatmakesusbelievethatpeoplenoticeusmoreoftenthantheyreallydo.E.Whatyoucandoatthismomentistoignorethem.F.Wearesobusyexaminingourselvesthatweactuallyobserveverylittleabouteveryonearoundus.G.Itcanalsoappearwhenwescoreabiggoal,asksomeoneonadate,ordoagooddeed.【导语】这是一篇说明文。短文介绍了回形针的发明，它对有文件都保存在一起起到了重要的作用。1.G根据下文“Theseincludedtyingribbonsthroughthepaper,andmeltingwaxtosecurethepapersinplace.Fornearly600years,thesewerethemethodsusedtosecurepapers.”（这些方法包括在纸上系丝带，融化蜡油以固定纸张。近600年来，这些都是用来确保文件安全的方法。）可知，选项承接下文说明各种方法来确保文件保存在一起。下文是对选项的具体说明。故选项“因此，从13世纪早期开始，人们创造了各种方法来确保文件保存在一起”切题。故选G项。2.A根据下文“In1835,amachinethatcouldmass-producestraightpinswasinventedbyHoweJ.L.,anAmericaninventor.”（1835年，美国发明家HoweJ.L.发明了一种可以大量生产大头针的机器）可知，选项承接下文说明大头针的发明。故A选项“下一个纸质发明是大头针”切题。故选项。3.D根据下文“In1899hepatentedthedevice,whichconsistedofawirebentintoapa