聊城大学成人教育《英语词汇学》期末考试复习题及参考答案

姓名年级专业层次教学单位··················密···················封·····················线··················学号姓名年级专业层次教学单位··················密·············封·············线·················英语词汇学练习题I. DecidewhetherthestatementsaretrueorfalseandwriteT(true)orF(false)inthecorrespondingbrackets.()1.Partialconversionisaprocessofusingadjectivesasordinarynouns.()2.ThemostimportantsourceofEnglishsynonymsisshortening.()3.Linguisticcontextreferstothewords,clauses,sentences,paragraphsandevenculturalbackground.()4.Insomepairsofantonyms,themarkedtermscoverthemeaningoftheunmarked.()5.Theminimalfreeformofalanguageisamorpheme.()6.Motivationaccountsfortheconnectionbetweenthelinguisticsymbolanditsmeaning.()7.Associativemeaningconsistsofconnotativemeaning,stylisticmeaning,affectivemeaningandemotivemeaning.()8.Polysemyisconcernedwithwordsofmorethanonemeaning.()9.Objectivemeaningshowsthatthesubject(oragent)istheonetobeaffectedbytheactionoftheverb.()10.Contentwordsarenumerousandmorefrequentlyusedthanfunctionalwordsonaverage.()11.Homonymscomemainlyfromborrowing—themostimportantsource.()12.Structurally,idiomscanneverbechanged.()13.Aformtowhichanaffixofanykindcanbeaddediscalledastem.()14.Affectivemeaningindicatestheattitudeoftheuser,whetherpositiveornegative.()15.MiddleEnglishlastedformorethanfourhundredyears.()16.Unlikeconceptualmeaning,associativemeaningisunstableandindeterminate.()17.Theoriginsofwordsareakeyfactorthatdistinguisheshomonymsfrompolysemants.()18.Contextgivesapolysemicwordadefinitemeaning.()19.Inflectionalaffixesaregrammaticalmarkers.()20.MotivationexplainswhyaparticularwordofalanguagehasaparticularII. Analyzethefollowingwordsandsayhowtheyareformed,andputyouranswersinthebracketsExample:disobey(prefixation)postwar ( )NATO ( )antinuclear ( )daydreaming ( ) lase ( )copter ( ) donate ( )ampere ( )bike ( )smog ( )newly-weds ( ) cutthroat ( )lase ( ) copter ( ) tick-tuck ( ) VIP ( ) quake ( ) defeather ( )memorize ( ) motel ( ) III. Fillintheblanksaccordingtothecoursebookandwriteyouranswersonthecorrespondinglines.1. fieldreferstoasetofwordswhicharesemantically.2. Thestylisticfeaturesofwordsformtheirmeaning.3. Generallyspeaking,______donotchangepartofspeechofthestemsbuttheirmeaning,whereas______do.4. motivationreferstothewordswhosemeaningsaresuggestedbytheirmorphologicalstructure.5. isoneofthethreekindsofmeaningwhichhasnothingtodowithlanguage.6. Amongpairsofantonyms,the______termcoversthemeaningofthe______term.7. Themodesofsemanticchangeinwordsincludeextension,narrowing,,degradationand.8. Thewordswhichareinvolvedinconversionarenouns,and.9. ThethreemainforeignlanguagesthathaveaffectedtheEnglishvocabularymostare______,______and______.10. Aminimalmeaningfulunitofalanguageis______.11. Thereisno______relationshipbetweensoundand______astheconnectionbetweenthemis______andconventional.12. Affixation,alsocalled______,istheformationofnewwordsbyadding______tostems.13. Themajormeansofword-formationare______,______and______.14. Contentwordsarechangingallthetimewhereasfunctionalwordsare______.______wordsenjoya______frequencyinusethancontentwords.15. generallydonotchangepartofspeechwhereasdo.16. Thethreemajormeansofword-formationare,and.17. fieldreferstoasetofwordswhicharesemantically.IV.Eachofthestatementsbelowisfollowedbyfouralternativeanswers.Choosetheonethatwouldbestcompletethestatementandputtheletterinthebrackets.()1.Functionalwordsare________________. A.adverbs,prepositions,conjunctions B.adjectives,nouns,articles C.articles,prepositions,conjunctions D.verbs,pronouns,prepositions()2.ModernEnglishbeganwiththeestablishmentof________inEngland.A.printing B.BourgeoisRevolutionC.IndustrialRevolution D.RenaissanceTime()3.Thederivationalprocess,inwhichanitemisconvertedtoanewwordclasswithouttheadditionofanaffix,iscalled____________.A.compounding B.back-formationC.functionalshiftD.derivation()4.Grammaticalmeaningdoesnotinclude________.A.partofspeech B.pluralformsofnounsC.tenses D.appropriateness()5.Englishwordscanbemotivated______.A.phonologically B.morphologicallyC.etymologically D.alltheabove()6.Stylisticmeaningmaybedefinedasthefeatureof________ofwords.A.formality B.affectivenessC.appropriateness D.partofspeech()7.WhichofthefollowingisNOTstudiedinsemantics?A.polysemy B.languagefamily C.ambiguity D.complementaries()8.Thediscreteunitswhichrealizemorphemesareknownas________.A.allomorphs B.phonemesC.morphs D.lexis()9.ThefirstmonolingualEnglishdictionarywascompiledin________.A.1604 B.1066C()10.“child—parent”are_______antonyms.A.root B.derivativeC.relative D.complementary()11.“Givesomebodyaninchandhe’lltakeamile”isa_________.A.sentenceidiom B.proverbC.clauseidiom D.bothAandB()12.Narrowingexcludes________.A.changefrommaterialnounstocommonnounsB.changefromcommonnounstopropernounsC.wordsshortenedfromphrasestoretainthemeaningofthewholeforeconomyD.changefromspecificmeaningstogeneralmeanings()13.He’snice,buthehasn’tmuchbrain._________.A.Simile B.metaphorC.Metonymy D.synecdoche()14.Conversionisamethodof__________.A.turningwordsofonepartofspeechintothoseofadifferentpartofspeechB.convertingwordsofonemeaningintothoseofadifferentmeaningC.derivingwordsbygrammaticalmeansD.changingwordsinmorphologicalstructure()15.TheNormanConqueststartedacontinualflowofFrenchwordsintoEnglish._________ofthemarestillinusetoday.A.85% B.56%C.72% D.75%()16.TherearetwomainapproachestothestudyofEnglishwordsnamely________.A.descriptiveandprescriptive B.synchronicanddiachronicC.spokenandwritten D.competenceandperformance()17.Motelisa/anis________.A.blend B.clippedwordC.initialism D.acronym()18.Functionalwordsare________________. A.adverbs,prepositions,conjunctions B.adjectives,nouns,articles C.articles,prepositions,conjunctions D.verbs,pronouns,prepositions()19.Whichofthefollowingisnotassociativemeaning?A.collocativemeaning B.stylisticmeaningC.affectivemeaning D.primarymeaning()20.Thehyponymsof‘vegetable’are________.A.banana,pear,jam B.pear,apple,bananaC.cucumber,celery,peas D.tree,pine,elm()21.ThemodesofmodemEnglishvocabularygrowthroughthreemajorchannels:________,semanticchangeand__________. A.exchange/lending B.derivation/borrowing C.creation/borrowing D.affixation/creation()22.“sow”(toplantseedsontheground)and“sow”(fullygrownfemalepig)arecalled________.A.Homophones B.homographsC.perfecthomonyms D.acronyms()23.ThefirstpeopleknowntoinhabittheBritishIsleswere________.TheirlanguagesweredialectsofstillanotherbranchoftheIn-do-EuropeanLanguageFamily________.()24.Themorpheme“-s”in“desks”is________morpheme. A.derivational B.freeC.inflectional D.rootV.MatchtherhetoricaldevicesinColumnAwiththeidiomsinColumnBandputthelettersinthecorrespondingbrackets.（1.5pointseach,15points）A B()1. alliteration a. snakeinthegrass()2. rhyme b. tossandturn()3. reiteration c. powderone’snose()4. repetition d. earnone’sbread()5. juxtaposition e. wearandtear()6. metaphor f. upanddown()7. metonymy g. pickandchoose()8. synecdoche h. fromcradletograve()9. personification i. Failureisthemotherofsuccess.()10.euphemism j. handinhandVI.Definethefollowingterms.（3pointseach,15points）primarymeaning:notionalwords:context:transfer:markedterms:ambiguity:VII.Questions.(10pointseach,20points)1.Explainthedifferencesofrelativesynonymswithexamples.2.Explainthecharacteristicsofidiomswithexamples.3.Whatarethedifferencesbetweentrueidioms,regularcombinationsandsemi-idioms?4.Howcanyoudistinguishsynonyms?Illustrateyourpointwithexamples.英语词汇学练习题答案I. DecidewhetherthestatementsaretrueorfalseandwriteT(true)orF(false)inthecorrespondingbrackets.1.F 2.F3.F4.F 5.F 6.T 7.F 8.T 9.T 10.F11.T12.F 13.T14.T15.F16.T17.F18.T19.T20.TAnalyzethefollowingwordsandsayhowtheyareformed,andputyouranswersinthebrackets:postwar (prefixation )NATO (acronymy )antinuclear (prefixation )daydreaming (compounding ) lase (back-formation)copter (clipping/frontclipping) donate (backformation )ampere (properwords )bike (clipping )smog (blending )newly-weds (conversion) cutthroat (compounding)lase (back-formation) copter (clipping/frontclipping) tick-tuck (duplication) VIP (acronymy) quake (clipping) defeather (affixation/prefixation)memorize (affixation/suffixation) botel (blending) III. Fillintheblanksaccordingtothecoursebookandwriteyouranswersonthecorrespondinglines.1.semantic;related2.stylistic 3.Prefixessuffixes 4.morphological 5.concept6.Unmarkedmarked7.elevation/amelioration;transfer/transference 8.verbs;adjectives9.LatinGreekScandinavian10.morpheme 11.intrinsic/logicalmeaningarbitrary 12. derivation affixes13.affixationcompoundingconversion(注：位置可以调换)14.stable/fixed functional higher15. prefixes;suffixes16. affixation;compounding;conversion17.semantic;relatedIV.Eachofthestatementsbelowisfollowedbyfouralternativeanswers.Choosetheonethatwouldbestcompletethestatementandputtheletterinthebrackets.1.C 2.A 3.C 4.D 5.D 6.A7.B 8.C 9.A10.C11.D12.D13.C14.A15.D16.B 17.A18.C 19.D20.C21.C22.B23.B24.C V.MatchtherhetoricaldevicesinColumnAwiththeidiomsinColumnBandputthelettersinthecorrespondingbrackets.1.(b) 2.(e) 3.(g) 4.(j) 5.(f) 6.(a) 7.(h) 8.(d) 9.(i) 10.(c)VI.Definethefollowingterms.primarymeaning:Atthetimewhenthewordwascreated,itwasendowedwithonlyonemeaning.Thisfirstmeaningistheprimarymeaning.notionalwords:Notionalwordsarealsocalledcontentwordswhichdenoteclearnotions.Theyincludenouns,mostverbs,adjectives,adverbsandnumerals.context:Inanarrowsense,contextreferstothewords,clauses,sentences,aparagraph,awholechapterandeventheentirebookinwhichawordappears.Inabroadsense,itincludesthephysicalsituationincludingthepeople,time,placeandeventhewholeculturalbackground.transfer:Wordswhichwereusedtodesignateonethingbutlaterchangedtomeansomethingelsehaveexperiencedtransfer.markedterms:Manypairsofantonymscontainspecificwordsandgeneralwords.Insuchapair,thespecificwordisincludedinmeaningwithinthegeneralword.Thespecificwordsarecalledmarkedterms.ambiguity:Ifthereismorethanonemeaningforawordusedinacontext,ambiguityoccurs.Ambiguityismainlycausedbypolysemyandhomonymyandsometimesitiscausedbystructure.VII Questions.1.Explainthedifferencesofrelativesynonymswithexamples.Relativesynonymsdifferindenotation,connotationandapplication.Indenotation,synonymsmayvaryinrangeofmeaning,e.g.wind-breeze,“wind”hasawiderrangeofmeaningthan“breeze”;synonymsalsovaryinintensityofmeaning,e.g.rich-wealthy,“wealthy”isstrongerthan“rich”.Inconnotation,synonymsdifferinstylisticandemotivecolouring.Forexample,begin-commencesharethesameconceptualmeaning,butstylistically“begin”isneutraland“commence”ismoreformal;slender-skinnyaresynonymous,but“slender”ispositiveand“skinny”isnegative.Inapplication,manysynonymsdifferinuseandcollocation,e.g.charge-accusehavethesameconceptualmeaning,butwesay“chargesbwithsth”,but“accusesbofsth”.2.Explainthecharacteristicsofidiomswithexamples.Idiomsarecharacterizedbysemanticunityandstructuralstability.Anidiomconsistsofatleasttwowords,eachofwhichhasitsownmeaningandpartofspeech.Butintheidiom,themeaningsoftheconstituentsareopaqueandthewholeidiombecomesasemanticunit,whichcanoftenbereplacedbyasingleword.Forexample,makeupone’smindcanbereplacedbydecide,andkickthebucketbydie.Structuresofidiomsarestable.1.Theconstituentscanbereplaced,e.g.makeupone’mindbutnotmakeupone’shead;2.Thepositionsoftheconstituentscanbechanged,e.g.titfortatbutnottatfortit;3.Theconstituentscanbedeletedoradded,e.g.inthedarkbutnotindark;4.Theconstituentscanbeanalyzed,e.g.diamondcutdiamondbutlikecureslikeandnotviceversa.3.What