禽场生物安全家禽的免疫接种

任务23家禽的免疫接种Task23Vaccinationofpoultry一、饮水免疫Drinkingwaterimmunization二、喷雾免疫Spray

immunization12目录三、注射免疫Injectionimmunization34四、点眼滴鼻Intraocular-nasalimmunization

5五、刺种Punctureimmunization

一、饮水免疫

Drinkingwaterimmunization

Part01

饮水免疫是指将疫苗混合到一定量的井水或凉开水中，在短时间内饮完的一种免疫方法。Drinkingwaterimmunizationreferstoanimmunizationmethodthatmixesthevaccinewithacertainamountofwellwaterorcoldboiledwaterandfinishesdrinkingitinashorttime.依据鸡的不同日龄计算饮水量，例如，30日龄~60日龄鸡的饮水量一般为10~20毫升／只，成鸡饮水量一般为120-30毫升／只。Theamountofdrinkingwateriscalculatedaccordingtotheageofchickens.Forexample,theamountofdrinkingwaterfor30-60dayoldchickensisgenerally10-20ml/chicken,andtheamountofdrinkingwaterforadultchickensisgenerally120-30ml/chicken.

一、饮水免疫Drinkingwaterimmunization

注意事项：Mattersneedingattention：1、饮水免疫前后3~5天内不能消毒，前后2天内，在饮水或饲料中不应含有添加任何影响免疫系统和抗病毒的药物成分，以免影响免疫效果。Drinkingwatershouldnotbedisinfectedwithin3-5daysbeforeandafterimmunization.Within2daysbeforeandafterimmunization,drinkingwaterorfeedshouldnotcontainanydrugingredientsthataffecttheimmunesystemandantiviral,soasnottoaffecttheimmuneeffect.2、饮水器要清洁，不用含氯的自来水。Drinkingfountainsshouldbecleananddonotusechlorinatedtapwater.3、为确保免疫效果，饮水免疫前要根据季节不同停水2~4小时，并掌握饮水量，稀释后的疫苗在2小时内饮完，疫苗应现配现用。Inordertoensuretheimmuneeffect,stopdrinkingwaterfor2-4hoursaccordingtodifferentseasonsbeforeimmunization,andmastertheamountofdrinkingwater.Thedilutedvaccineshouldbedrunkwithin2hours,andthevaccineshouldbepreparedandusednow.4、为提高免疫效果，可在饮水中加入0.2%脱脂奶粉。Inordertoimprovetheimmuneeffect,0.2%skimmedmilkpowdercanbeaddedtothedrinkingwater.

一、饮水免疫Drinkingwaterimmunization二、喷雾免疫Part02Sprayimmunization喷雾免疫是主要用于呼吸道疫病的免疫，即将疫苗稀释后，用特制的喷雾器在禽舍内对鸡群进行喷雾，使鸡在呼吸时吸进疫苗，从而达到免疫目的。Sprayimmunizationismainlyusedfortheimmunizationofrespiratorydiseases,thatis,afterthevaccineisdiluted,useaspecialspraytospraythechickensinthepoultryhouse,sothatthechickenscanbreathethevaccine,soastoachievethepurposeofimmunization.

二、喷雾免疫

Sprayimmunization注意事项：Mattersneedingattention：1、喷雾前将门窗关严，停止使用抽风机，喷雾20～30分钟后，方可开窗。Beforespray,closethedoorsandwindowstightly,stopusingtheexhaustfan,andopenthewindow20~30minutesafterspray.2、手持喷头口向鸡群均匀喷雾，喷头距鸡群1~1.2米，使鸡舍形成良好的局部雾化区。Holdthenozzlemouthtosprayevenlytothechickens,andthenozzleis1~1.2metersawayfromthechickens,soastoformagoodlocalatomizationareainthechickenhouse.3、当鸡群有慢性呼吸道疫病时，不能用此法，否则会诱导发病。Whenchickenshavechronicrespiratorydiseases,thismethodcannotbeused,otherwiseitwillinducedisease.

二、喷雾免疫

Sprayimmunization三、注射免疫Part03Injectionimmunization注射法分为肌肉注射和皮下注射，主要用于新城疫I系苗、禽流感疫苗等免疫接种。肌肉注射可取翅膀肩关节附近或胸部肌肉丰满处；皮下注射可选择大腿外测、颈后两翅间或翅内侧皮下，以颈部皮下注射为最好。Injectionmethodsaredividedintointramuscularinjectionandsubcutaneousinjection,whicharemainlyusedforimmunizationagainstNewcastlediseaseIvaccineandavianinfluenzavaccine.Intramuscularinjectioncanbetakenneartheshoulderjointofthewingorthebreastmusclefullness;Subcutaneousinjectioncanchoosethighexternaltest,betweenthetwowingsbehindtheneckorinsidethewings,andsubcutaneousinjectionintheneckisthebest.

三、注射免疫

Injectionimmunization注意事项：Mattersneedingattention：1、接种部位要正确。颈部皮下注射部位，应在颈后段1/3处皮下，如注射到颈部的肌肉内，则引起鸡缩颈、精神不振，采食下降，消瘦等，如注射部位靠头部，则引起鸡的肿头。Theinoculationsiteshouldbecorrect.Thesubcutaneousinjectionsiteoftheneckshouldbesubcutaneousat1/3oftheposteriorsegmentoftheneck.Ifitisinjectedintothemusclesoftheneck,itwillcausenecking,depression,decreasedfoodintake,weightloss,etc.iftheinjectionsiteisclosetothehead,itwillcauseswollenheadofthechicken.2、胸肌注射时，采用7～9号的短针头，将针头与注射部位形成30度角，朝背部方向刺入胸肌，切忌垂直刺入。Duringchestmuscleinjection,useashortneedleofNo.7~9,forma30degreeanglebetweentheneedleandtheinjectionsite,andstabintothechestmuscletowardstheback.Donotstabvertically.3、腿部注射时，采用7-9号针头，刺入外侧浅层肌肉，以免刺伤腿部的血管、神经，本法易引起瘫痪，慎用。Wheninjectingintotheleg,usea7-9needletostabintothelateralsuperficialmuscletoavoidstabbingthebloodvesselsandnervesoftheleg.Thismethodiseasytocauseparalysis,souseitwithcaution.

三、注射免疫

Injectionimmunization四、点眼滴鼻免疫Part04Intraocular-nasalimmunization

点眼滴鼻免疫就是用滴管吸取已稀释好的疫苗，滴入家禽的眼内或鼻孔中。Intraocular-nasalimmunizationistouseadroppertoabsorbthedilutedvaccineanddripitintotheeyesornostrilsofpoultry.具体方法：一般1ml约20滴，500头份的疫苗用25ml规定的稀释液或生理盐水稀释，然后用滴管滴入小鸡鼻孔或眼内，每只鸡滴1～2滴。滴入时，把鸡的头颈提起，呈水平位置，用手堵住一侧鼻孔，然后将疫苗液滴入眼和鼻内，稍停片刻，使疫苗液吸人鼻和眼内。Specificmethods:generally,1mlisabout20drops,500dosesofvaccinearedilutedwith25mlofthespecifieddiluentornormalsaline,andthendripintothenostrilsoreyesofchickswithaneyedropper,andeachchickendrops1~2drops.Whendripping,lifttheheadandneckofthechickeninahorizontalposition,blockonesideofthenostrilwithyourhand,andthendropthevaccineintotheeyesandnose.Stopforamomenttomakethevaccinesuckintothenoseandeyes.注意事项：动作要慢，防止疫苗液外溢，尽量使疫苗吸收后放下鸡，否则，应补滴。Precautions:theactionshouldbeslowtopreventtheoverflowofvaccineliquid.Trytoputdownthechickenafterthevaccineisabsorbed,other