高中英语高考语法知识复习（物主代词+人称代词）

高考英语语法知识复习

一、物主代词

(一)物主代词的各种不同意思

(1)Helookedathiswatch(=thewatchownedorusedbyhim).(表示所有关系，

即属于他，也可表示作者、拟定者等)

Ireadhisnovel(=thenovelheboughtorwrote.)

Howaboutyourplan(=theplanyoumade)?

Thebookhaslostitscover(=thecoverasapartofit).

Idonotdoubthishonesty(=thehonestyasoneofhisqualities).

(2)Ireadhisstatement.(whathestated)(用在表示动作的名词前，说明是谁的

动作)

Hewaitedformyarrival.(Iarrived.)

Wemustworkharduntilourdeath.(Wedie.)

(3)Hehastenedtomyassistance.(Iwasassisted.)(用在一个表示动作的名词

前，表示动作的对象)

Shewishedtoseehimbeforehisexecution.(Hewasexecuted.)

Thehousewasonfirejustafteritscompletion.(Itwascompleted.)

Hisdestruction(orHismurder,Hisappointment)issomethingonecan

expect.(Heisdestroyed,ismurdered,etc.)

(4)Thearmylostitscommander(=themanthatcommandedit).(用作er和-or结尾

的名词前，表示“干某事的人”)

Hespoketohisvisitor(=themanwhovisitedhim),histeacher(=themanwho

taughthim),myelectors(=themenwhoelectedme).

(5)Haveyoueverseenhisportrait(orimage,statue,likeness,picture)(=

theportraitrepresentinghim,ortheportraitmadebyhim,etc.)(用在表示图画、塑像

等的名词前,表示“画的是谁”等等,也可指“谁的作品”)

(6)Herlossisapity.(Shelostsomething,orsheislost.)(用在某些表示动作

的名词前，可有主动、被动两种意义。即“丢失某物”或“被丢失”)

Hisloveisunselfish.(Helovessomeone,orislovedbysomeone.)

Histrainingisstrict.(Hetrainsothers,oristrained.)

Histreatmentisunjust.(Hetreatsothers,oristreated.)

(7)Yourinterpretationofitiscorrect.(Youinterpretit.)(在表示动作的名词

后若跟有of引起的短语,则表示主动关系)

Histreatmentofothersisunjust.(Hetreatsothers.)

Herloveofmiceisunusual.(Shelovesmice.)

(8)Whereareyourheroesnow?(这里your带有鄙视的味道，即“你所谓的”)

Ihateyourpoliticians.

Forquarreling,yourwomenarewithoutequal.

(9)Heraisedhis(notthe)hands.(用在表示身体部位等的名词前。这时译为汉语时，代

词常不译出)

Sherubbedher(notthe)eyes.(她揉了揉眼睛。)

Theyheldtheirbreath.(他们屏住呼吸。)

Hetalkedinhissleep.(他说梦话。)

Johnfoundhiswaytohishotel.(约翰找到了回旅馆的路。)

Hetookoffhishat.(他把帽子摘下。)

i

Theroomhaditswindowbroken.(房间的窗户破了。)

(二)用the代替物主代词的情况

(1)表示说话人客观态度。

“Thelegmustbecutoff,“saidthedoctor.

Thefatheristoobusyandthesonisfoolingaround.

(2)表示动物身体的一部分:

Thebirdspreadthe(orits)wings.

The(orTheir)furmaybebrownorwhite.

(3)当一个名词和一个介词连用时，表示身体的一部分(这时不宜用物主代词):

Hestruckmeontheshoulder.(不要说myshoulder)

HecaughtJohnbythecollar.(不要说hiscollar)

YouwoundedMaryinthearm.

Heledthecowbythehorn.

Deathstaredhimintheface.

Helookedmestraightbetweentheeyes.

Hekissedherontheforehead.

偶尔也有例外情况,如：

Don，tdragthedeskbyitslegs.

(4)用在某些习用语中:

Heisarmedtothe(不要说his)teeth.

Heturnedthecoldshoulderto(=neglected)me.(Cf.Heturned

hisbackonme,adeafeartome.)

Hetalkedhimselfredintheface.

Heisdowninthemouth(=sad,dejected).

Thisadvertisementstrikestheeye(=isattractive).

Hegotit(orcaughtit)(=receiveddrubbing)intheneck.

Iknowwheretheshoepinches(=wherethetroubleis).

Weattackedtheenemyintherear(=fromtheback).

Shegaveherbabythebreast(=fedhimwithmilkfromtheteat).

Ihavesaidthelastword.

Hegavethelastfinishtothework.

Ishowedhimthedoor(=requiredhimtoleavebecausehewasunwelcome).

(三)物主代词被省略的情况

在某些词组中物主代词可用可不用，意思不变:

Ifeltat(my)ease.

Ilost(my)patience.

Hetook(his)leave.

Heisalwaysbehind(his)time(=late).

有时可用可不用，但意思不同:

Hekept(=lookedafler)house.

Hekept(=wasconfinedto)thehouse.

Ishalllivehereforlife(=forever).

Ishallrememberhimformylife(whichhehassaved).

Itisworthyourwhile(=financiallyprofitable).

Itisworthwhile(=beneficialinageneralsense).

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(四)在下面情况下物主代词不可省略

Thisisapictureofmydrawing(=drawnbyme).

Ihaveseenahouseofhisbuilding(=builtbyhim).

Iwilltreatyoutofishofmyowncooking(=cookedbymyself).

(五)在和some,most,all等词连用时，

根据包括谁来决定用什么代词

Some(orMost,All,None)ofushavedonetheir(whenthespeakeris

notincluded)best,our(whenthespeakerisincluded)best.

Some(orMost,All,None)ofyouhavedonetheir(oryour)best.

Eachone(orEveryone,Somebody,Nobody)hasdonehis(orher,their)best.(最

好说Allofthem,Someofthem,Noneofthemhavedonetheirbest.)

(六)在某些习惯用法中

ofme,ofhim这类结构比用物主代词时更多

Shewillbethedeathofme(而不是bemydeath)(=killme).

Thisbusinessmaybetheruinofhim(而不是behisruin)(=ruinhim).

Ican，tforthelifeofme(alsocan'tformylife)(=cannever)understanda

woman•但是:Iranformylife.

Ican，tforthesoulofme(=1cannever)doanything.

Ihatethesightofher(=toseeher).但是：Shelosthersight(=herpowerof

seeing).

Icanseeeverypartofhim,everyinchofhim,thewholeofhim.

rveneverseenthelikeofit(=anythingsostrange).

rveneverseenthelikeofhim.

Thesituationis,ontheface(ofit)(=asitappears),verypeaceful.

Undercoverofit(oftheplot),hecancheatmanypeople.

Attheendofit(oftheparty),weleftforhome.

Inspiteofhimwecontinuedourjourney.

Insteadofher,Johncame.(Shedidnotcome.)但是:Johnworksinherstead(=

forherinsomeposition).

Welookedinfrontofus.

Someonestoodatthebackof(=behind)him.但是：Someonestoodat

hisback(=supportedhim).

Thesecondplayofhis(如后面有定语从句，这样说Hissecondplay要好一点)thatwas

presentedmetwithsuccess.

二、人称代词

（一）人称代词的分类

1.人称代词有3种人称和2个数。

I用来代表说话的人，可说是第一人称;

you表示谈话的对象，可说是第二人称;

he,she,il表示所谈的人或物，为第三人称。

3

Lyou(你)，he,she,it为单数。

we,you(你们)，they为复数。

2.每个人称代词，不管是单数还是复数，都有5种形式：

(1)如果是主语，要用主格形式(I,she,it等):

Isawher.

Shesawme.

Itastonishedthem.

(2)如果是宾语，要用宾格形式形e,her,it等)：

Shesawme.

Isawher.

Theylookedatit.

(3)如果是表示所有，要用所有格形式(my,her,its等):

Thisismyhouse.

Marybroughtherumbrella.

Thedogwaggeditstail.在这种代词前可加own来加以强调，表示为某人自己的，而

非任何别人的。

Thisismyown(=my,andnotanyother's)house.

Marybroughtherownumbrella.

(4)如果所有格(物主)代词所修饰的名词刚刚提到过，可以用其绝对形式

(mine,hers,its等)，以避免重复前面的名词，它的意思等于“物主代词+前面刚提过的

名词”：

ThatisMary'shouse,andthisismine(=myhouse).

Ileftmyumbrellaathome,butMarybroughthers(=herumbrella)withher.

(5)如果宾语和主语表示同一人或物,可用自身代词的形式(或称反身代词)

(myself,herself,itself等):

Ihatemyself.

Shelooksatherselfinthemirror.

Thematterspeaksforitself.

这种自身代词也可用来强调前面的名词或代词，这时可称为强调自身代词:

Imyself(=I,andnobodyelse)willdoit.

Maryherselfmadethedress.

Confuciushimself(=EvenConfucius)wasnotwithoutfaults.

Ihaveneverseenmyfatherhimself.

所有格所有格

人称性数主格宾格（物主）（绝对形式）自身代词

单Imemy(own)minemyself

1普通复weusour(own)oursourselves

单youyouyour(own)yoursyourself

2普通复youyouyour(own)yoursyourselves

单thoutheethy(own)thinethyself

古形式复yeyouyour(own)yoursyourselves

单hehimhis(own)hishimself

阳复theythemtheir(own)theirsthemselves

单sheherher(own)hersherself

3阴复theythemtheir(own)theirsthemselves

单ititits(own)itsitself

中复theythemtheir(own)theirsthemselves

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（二）人称代词的用法

1.主格人称代词

a.指一般人：

(1)We(指一般人，也包括讲话的人)donotseeourownfaults.

(2)You(=one,指——般人)cannotdotwothingsatatime.

Youmust(orshould,oughtto)keepquietinsuchaplace.(可和must等词连用，也

指一般人，但欠客气。)

Youall(orpeople,folks,fellers,guys,men)(指大家)willbeinvited.

(3)HewhoorHethat(=Anypersonwho)workshardwillsucceed.

ShewhoorShethatmarriesafortunemarriesmisery.

ThosewhoorThosethat(=Peoplewho)