牛津高中英语模块一至四语法总结及练习

牛津英语模块1至模块4语法总结及练习

第一单元

一定语从句：定语从句的介绍

i.就像是一个形容词或介词短语修饰名词一样，定语从句也可以修饰名词。定语从句所

修饰的名词称为先行词。

形容词：Thegreenteam

介词短语：Theteamingreen

定语从句：Theteamwhowerewearinggreen

2.定语从句通常由关系代词来引导，如which,that,who,whom,whose,或关系副词来引

导,如when,where,why。关系代词可以在定语从句中担当主语，宾语，表语，定语；

关系副词可以在定语从句中担当状语。

如：做主语Thetreeswhichareontheschoolcampushavelosttheirleaves.

做宾语Thestudentwhomwesawjustnowisthebestrunnerinourschool.

做表语Jackisnolongerthelazyboythatheusedtobe.

做定语ShehasabrotherwhosenameIcan'tremember.

做状语TheschoolwherehestudiedisinShenzhen.

二定语从句：关系代词：that,which,who,whom,和whose

1.在定语从句中，that和which用来指代物。

eg：Thisisthestorythat/whichwewroteforourstorytellingcontest.

2.定定语从句中，who用来指代人。

eg：IamgoingtoseeafriendwhohasjustcomebackfromtheUK.

3.当who在定语从句中做宾语时，可以用whom来取代，且whom比who更正式。

eg：Idon'tknowthenameoftheteacherwho/whomIsawinthecomputerroomtheother

day.

4.当关系代词在定语从句中做宾语时，who,whom,which和that可以被省略。

eg：Helikesallthebirthdaypresents(that/which)hisfriendsgavehim.

5.Whose用来表示所属，它既可指人也可指物。

eg：IsatnexttoagirlwhosenamewasDiane.

TheclubwhosemembersaremusicfansmeetintheschoolgardeneverySaturday

afternoon.

其次单元

一定语从句：介词提前的定语从句(preposition+which;preposition

+whom)

1.当关系代词(which/whom)做定语从句中介词的宾语时，可以把介词提到关系代词的

前面。

eg：Wethoughtyouwereapersonfromwhomwecouldexpectgooddecisions.

2.媪非正式英普中，介词通常放在定语从句的最终。

eg：ArtisthesubjectwhichIknowlittleabout.

3.假如介词放在定语从句的最终，which可以被that取代，whom可以被that和who取

代。

eg：Dadisapersonwhom/that/whoIcaneasilytalkto.

4.当关系代词做定语从句中介词的宾语，并且介词又放在定语从句的末尾时，我们通常

省略关系代词who和thato

eg：Thetopic(which)EricisinterestedinisPhysics.

Danielistheperson(whom)Iwanttomakefriendswith.

5.当先行词是way时，我们用inwhich或that来引导定语从句，这种状况下，inwhich

或that可以被省略。

eg：Ididn'tliketheway(that/inwhich)shetalkedtome.

二定语从句：关系副词：when,where,why

1.我们通常用关系副词when引导先行词是time,moment,day,season,year等的定

语从句。

eg：Doyourememberthedaywhenweleftyouincharge?

IoftenthinkofthemomentwhenIsawtheUFO.

2.我们通常用关系副词where引导先行词是placeyhouse>city,country,city,world

等的定语从句。

eg：Thepolicesearchedthehousewherethethiefhadstayed.

Thisisnotafamilywherebadbehaviorgoesunpunished.

3.我们通常用关系副词why引导先行词是reason的定语从句。

eg：Idon'tknowthereasonwhythehouseissodirty.

4.在更加正式的英语中，where,when和why能够被介词+which所替代。

eg：Thestudyistheplacewhere/inwhichIoftenhavetalkswithmyfather.

Thisisthereasonwhy/fbrwhichmyparentsgothomeearlier.

Itrainedthewholedaywhen/onwhichhetraveledwithhisfamily.

第三单元

一定语从句：非限制性定语从句

1.非限制性定语从句是一个为主句添加额外信息的从句，在非限制性定语从句前通常有

个逗号。

eg：Amy,whotookweight-losspills,nowrealizesthathealthisimportant.

Mypillsareinthebathroom,whereIalwayskeepthem.

2.当先行词是整个主句时，可以用which来引导定语从句。

eg：Hemissedtheshow,whichwasagreatpity.

3.我们可以用all+whom/which来表示全部数量，用someof+whom/which来表示部分

数量。

eg：Iamdoingdifferenttypesofexercises,allofwhicharequitehelpfultomyhealth.

Manypeople,someofwhomarenotoverweight,aregoingondiet.

定语从句练习

1.Isthisthefactoryyouvisitedtheotherday?

A.thatB.whereC.inwhichD.theone

2.IsthisfactorysomeforeignfriendsvisitedlastFriday?

A.thatB.whereC.whichD.theone

3.Isthisthefactoryheworkedtenyearsago?

A.thatB.whereC.whichD.theone

4.Thewolveshidthemselvesintheplacescouldn'tbefound.

A.thatB.whereC.inwhichD.inthat

5.Thefreezingpointisthetemperaturewaterchangesintoice.

A.atwhichB.onthatC.inwhichD.ofwhat

6.Thereasonisheisunabletooperatethemachine.

A.becauseB.whyC.thatD.whether

7.Tiltellyouhetoldmelastweek.

A.allwhichB.thatC.allthatD.which

8.Thattree,branchesarealmostbare,isveryold.

A.whoseB.ofwhichC.inwhichD.onwhich

9.1haveboughtthesamedresssheiswearing.

A.asB.thatC.whichD.what

10.We'retalkingaboutthepianoandthepianistwereintheconcertweattendedlast

night.

A.whichB.whomC.whoD.that

11.Anyonethisopinionmayspeakout.

A.thatagainstsB.thatagainstC.whoisagainstD.whoareagainst

12.Didn'tyouseetheman?

InoddedjustnowB.whomInoddedjustnow

C.InoddedtohimjustnowD.Inoddedtojustnow

13.Isthereanythingtoyou?

A.thatisbelongedB.thatbelongsC.thatbelongD.whichbelongs

14.—“Howdoyoulikethebook?^^

——"It'squitedifferentfromIreadlastmonth.^^

A.thatB.whichC.theoneD.theonewhat

15.Mr.Zhanggavethetextbooktoallthepupilsexceptwho

hadalreadytakenthem.

A.theonesB.onesC.someD.theothers

16.Thetrainshewastravellingwaslate.

A.whichB.whereC.onwhichD.inthat

17.It'sthethirdtimelatethismonth.

A.thatyouarrivedB.whenyouarrived

C.thatyou'vearrivedD.whenyou'vearrived

18.MaythefourthisthedayweChinesepeoplewillneverforget.

A.whichB.whenC.onwhichD.aboutwhich

19.Isitinthatfactory"RedFlag”carsareproduced?

A.inwhichB.whereC.whichD.that

20.HemustbefromAfrica,canbeseenfromhisskin.

A.thatB.asC.whoD.what

21.Hehastwosons,workaschemists.

A.twoofwhomB.bothofwhomC.bothofwhichD.allofwhom

22.1,yourgoodfriend,willtrymybesttohelpyouout.

A.whoisB.whoamC.thatisD.whatis

23.1don'tlikeyouspeaktohe匚

A.thewayB.thewayinthatC.thewaywhichD.thewayofwhich

24.ThetwothingstheyfeltveryproudareJim'sgoldwatchandDella'shair.

A.aboutwhichB.ofwhichC.inwhichD.forwhich

25.Doyouknowwhichhotel?

A.sheisstayingB.sheisstayinginC.isshestayingD.isshestayingin

26.Whocanthinkofasituationthisidiomcanbeused?

A.whichB.thatC.whereD.inthat

27.Theastronautdidmanyexperimentsinthespaceship,_muchhelpforknowingspace,

whichwethinkitisB.whichwethinkareof

C.ofwhichwethinkisD.Ithinkwhichisof

28.Thegreatdaywelookedforwardtoatlast

A.comeB.cameC.comingD.comes

29.1likethesecondfootballmatchwasheldlastweek.

A.whichB.whoC.thatD./

30.ThisistheveryfilmI'velongwishedtosee.

A.whichB.thatC.whoD.whom

31.Thehousethecapitalistusedtoliveinisnowanursery.

A.thatB.whereC.whatD.when

32.Thedoctordidalltosavethewoundedboy.

A.whathecouldB.hecouldC.everythingwhichhecouldD.forwhichhecoulddo

33.youknow,heisafamousmusician.

A.AsB.whichC.ThatD./

34.Heistheonlyoneofthethreegotthenewidea.

A.whohaveB.whomhaveC.whohasD.whosehad

35.Thisisthebabytomorrow.

A.afterwhomIshalllookB.whomIshalllookafter

C.whoseIshalllookafterD.afterwhomIshalllookafter

36.Thesestudentswillgraduatefromtheuniversitynextsummer,—theywillhavestudiedhere

forfouryears.

A.bythenB.bythattimeC.bywhattimeD.bywhichtime

37.Thisisthehousethewindowfacesthesouth.

A.ofwhichB.whichC.ofitD.whose

38.Itisfiveo'clockintheafternoontheyarrivedatthehotel.

A.sinceB.beforeC.whenD.that

39.Insomecountries,iscalled"equality"doesnotreallymeanequalrightsforallpeople.

A.whichB.whatC.thatD.one

40.…Howaboutthegames?

-Veryinteresting,andtheonestheyoungmencompetedwerereallyexciting

A.whatB.forwhomC.whereD.inwhich

二附加疑问句

1.附加疑问句是放在陈述句后面的短问句。它们通常被用在口语中来引出一段对话，以

一个更加礼貌的方式来询问信息，和顺的发号施令或要求某人做某事。我们用附加疑

问句来询问看法或征求同意。

当我们用附加疑问句来询问看法时，为了期盼对方能同意我们的观点，附加疑问句会

用降调来表达。

当我们用附加疑问句来征求同意时，我们事实上是在询问我们自己也不太能确信的事

情，这时候附加疑问句会用升调来表达。

2.附加疑问句的构成有以下几种：

1）在确定的陈述句之后，我们会用否定的附加疑问句。在否定的陈述句之后，我们会用

确定的附加疑问句。

eg：Wecanstillbefriends,can'twe?

Hedoesn'tlikeicecream,doeshe?

当主句中有像neither,none,nobody,nothing*few,little>never,hardly或seldom

这类词时，它们被认为是否定的，因此后面会跟个确定的附加疑问句。

eg：Neitherofyouwillhavecoffee,willyou?

NoonehasfoundmyCD,havethey?

Nobodyunderstoodhisspeech,didthey?

Hissisterseldomargueswithpeople,doesshe?

人称代词如I,we,you,he,she,it或they会放在附加疑问句中。

eg：Iwasprettysilly,wasn'tI?

Everyonehasadvisesyounottogoonadiet,haven'tyou?

助动词，情态动词或be动词会放在附加疑问句中。

eg：Youliketraveling,don'tyou?

Thereissomethingwrong,isn'tthere?

Youcan'tspeakItalian,canyou?

祁使句后用willyou,Lefs后用shallwe

eg：Postaletterforme,willyou?

Let'shaveabreak,shallwe?

反意疑问句

1Hehurthislegwhenplayingfootball.Heisveryunlucky,he?

AisBdidn'tCisn'tDdoes

2Johnisadiligentstudentwhospendsmostofhistimestudying,he?

Ahadn'tBhadCdoesDisn't

3-Theydon'tanswerthephonewhenIcall.

—Thereisn'tanyoneathomethen,___?

Aisn'tthereBisthereCisitDisn'tit

4ItseldomsnowsinwinterinShanghai,_?

Adoesn'titBisn'titCisitDdoesit

5Shehasalreadyplansforthesummerholidays,?

Ahasn'tsheBisn'tsheCdoesn'tsheDhadn'tit

6Motherlovesreading.SheneverspendstimewatchingTV,?

AdoessheBwillsheChavesheDdoesn'tshe

7ItisthefirsttimethatshehasbeentotheUnitedStates,?

Aisn'tsheBisn'titChasn'tsheDhasn'tit

8Idon'tthinkheisright,_?

AdoIBdon9tICisheDisn'the

第一单元

一现在完成时态

1.我们用现在完成时态来表示在最近的过去发生的但跟现在有联系的事情。

eg：ThedisappearanceofJustinhasmadeKellyveryunhappy.

2.我们也用现在完成时态来表示在过去刚起先，并且现在还没结束的事情。

eg：IhavenotseenJustinsincelastFridaynight.

当动作发生的精确时间不清楚或不重要时，我们也用现在完成时态。经常连用的时间

短语有：already,ever,for,just,lately,never,recently,since,yet,already用于确定句，yet

用于否定句。

eg：Theboyhasalreadycomehome.

Ihaven'theardanythingfromhimyet.

for+一段时间since+点时间

eg：Wehaven'tseenhimfortwoyears.Wehaven'tseenhimsince2023.

注：当已给定具体的时间时，我们往往用一般过去时态，而不是现在完成时态。

我们用现在完成时态来谈论刚刚完成的动作。

eg：Thepolicehavejustfinishedsearchingthearea.

我们也用现在完成时态来表示重复的动作。

eg：SomevillagessaythattheyhaveseenUFOsmanytimes.

现在完成时态的构成是：have/has+动词的过去分词

二现在完成进行时态

1.我们用现在完成进行时态来表示在过去发生的并且仍将接着的动作。

eg：IhavenotbeensleepingwellsinceIreturnedhome.

2.我们用现在完成进行时态来表示刚刚结束但以某种方式和现在有联系的动作。

eg：・一SorryI'mlate.Haveyoubeenwaitinglong?

Yes,I'vebeenwaitingforanhour.

3.现在完成进行时态的构成：have/has+been+doing

注：for和since和现在完成进行时态连用。

eg：Ihavebeenwaitingforalongtime.

Hehasbeenwaitingsincenineo'clock.

三现在完成时态还是现在完成进行时态

1.我们用现在完成时态来谈论刚刚完成的动作，用现在完成进行时态来表示发生在过去

并且现在仍在发生的动作。

eg：LiJiahasreadabookaboutStonehenge.（Shefinishedreadingthebook.）

LiJiahasbeenreadingabookaboutStonehenge.（Sheisstillreadingthebook.）

2.我们用现在完成时态表示重复的动作，用现在完成进行时态来表示不停的动作。

eg：IhavevisitedEgypttwicethismonth.

IhavebeentouringEgyptfortwomonths.

现在完成时态用于回答howmany/much的提问，现在完成进行时态用于回答howlong

的提问。

eg：Howmanytimeshaveyouswuminthelake?

Howlonghaveyoubeenswimminginthelake?

3.状态动词和动作动词都可以用在现在完成时态中，但只有动作动词可以用在现在完成进

行时态中。

eg：Ihavehadthiscameraforfiveyears.（状态动词）

IhavetakenphotosofUFOwiththiscamera.（动作动词）

IhavebeentakingphotosofUFOwiththiscamera.（动作动词）

注：动作动词表示发生或变更的动作，如go,playo状态动词表示保持不变的动作，

如like,know,exist

4.当never,yet,already,ever出现在句子中时，只用现在完成时态，而不用现在完成

进行时态。

eg：I'venevervisitedParis.

I'vealreadybeentoParis.

其次单元

一将来进行时态

1.我们用将来进行时态来：

1）谈论将来一段时间正在进行的事情。

eg：lbbywillbeclimbingintheHimalayasallnextweek

2）展论从将来的某一点起先并且有可能要持续一段时间的事情。

eg：lbbywillnotbeinLondonnextTuesday.HewillbeclimbingintheHimalayas.

3）而有任何意图的表达将来的事情。

eg：TheweatherreportsaysthatitwillberainingwhenwearriveinLondon.

（康这种状况下表示事情是很自然的发生的，息有人为的支配.）

4）礼貌地询问有关其他人将来的支配。

eg：WillyoubevisitingyouruncleinTanzania?

2.将来进行时态的构成：

1)陈述句：will(not)+v-ing

eg：Tobyandhisbrother,Colin,will(not)beflyingtoMorocco.

2)疑问句：will提到主语的前面

eg：WilltheybeflyingtoMoroccoon15thJuly?

3)回答：will(not)

eg：Yes,theywill./No,theywillnol(won'l)

二过去将来时态

1.我们用过去将来时态和过去进行时态来：

1)表示过去的将来某一时间要发生的动作。

eg：Theysetoffat9a.m.andwouldreachtheairportanhourlater.

2)暗指一个过去的目的。

eg：Iwasgoingtoleave,butthenitrained.

3)暗指一个过去的支配。

eg：ColincalledJennifertosaythathewasseeingherlaterthatafternoon.

4)指代实际已经发生过的将来的动作。

eg：ThejourneythatwastochangeToby'slifestartedinJulythatyear.

2.陈述句中过去将来时态的构成：

1)would+动词原形

eg：ItoldyouColinandIwouldspendafewweekstraveling.

2)was/weregoingto,was/wereto,was/wereaboutto

eg：Weweregoingtoseethewildanimals,butthenwedidn'thavetime.

Itwashislastdayatschool-hewastoleavethenextmorning.

Colinwasabouttogetoffthecamelwhenachildrantowardshim.

第三单元

一过去完成时态

1.我们用一般过去时态来谈论一个过去的动作。当我们想要谈论比过去更早的时间里发

生的事情时，就用过去完成时态。

eg：Uponenteringthetomb,Carter'sluckypetbird,whichhadledhimtotheplace,was

eatenbyasnake.

2.在干脆引语中，我们用过去完成时态来指代说话的时候就已经发生的动作。干脆引语

中的一般过去时态和现在完成时态在间接引语中改为过去完成时态。

eg：“Weemptiedthetombofeverythingitcontained,saidCarter.-------

Cartersaidthattheyhademptiedthetombofeverythingitcontained.

3.过去完成时态只是指在另一个过去的动作之前发生的动作，并不是指发生在一长段时

间以前的动作。

eg：IhaddonemyhomeworkthismorningbeforeIwenttothemuseum.

4.过去完成时态经常跟以下引导的时间短语连用，如when,after,before,assoonas,until,

since,by,for,already.

eg：ThenafewmonthsafterCarterhadopenedthetomb,LordCarnarvonfellillwithafever

anddied.

5.过去完成时态的构成：had+v-ed

eg：HowardCarterhadreceivedmoneyfromLordCarnarvonbeforehemadehismost

amazingdiscovery.

二现在完成时态还是过去完成时态

1.当我们谈论一个与现在有关的过去的事情时，我们用现在完成时态。

eg：HowardCarterisoneofthemostfamousexplorerstheworldhaseverknown.

2.当我们在谈论过去，并要说明一个更早发生的动作的时候，我们就要用过去完成时态。

eg：Notlongafterthetombhadbeenopened,peopleinCarter'steambegantofallillanddie

strangly.

语法复习模快二

I1-Alice'ssecond-handcomputerwrongalthoughsheuseditonlyonce.

AgoesBhasgoneCisgoingDhadgone

2Robertmehisaddresstheotherday,butI'mafraidIit.

Ahadgiven;lostBhasgiven;havelostCgave;havelostDgives;lost

3I__nothingaboutitbeforeyoutoldmethenews

AknowBknewChadknownDhasknown

4—Whatthesedays?Stillbusywritingyournewbook?

—Yes,IthinkIcanfinishitnextweek.

AdoyoudoBhaveyoubeendoingChaveyoudoneDdidyoudo

5—whatwasthefilmlike?

—Well,I____itveryinteresting.

Athought;wouldbeBthought;maybeCthink;isgoingtobeDthink;willbe

6Itwasthethirdtimethatheusabouthisstory.

AhastoldBtoldCistellingDhadtold

7IforgetwhatIwastaught,IonlyrememberwhatI.

AlearnBlearnedChavelearnedDhadlearned

8MyyoungersistertheYouthLeague__2023.

Ahasjoined;inBhasjoined;sinceChadjoined;sinceDjoined;in

9-Wheremypen?Icann'tfinditanywhere.

—I___itonthistable,butnow,it'sgone.

Adidyouput;haveputBhaveyouput;put

Chadyouput;wasputtingDwereyouputting;haveput

10Shewaspraisedfbrwhatshe_.

AhaddoneBhasdoneCwoulddoDdoes

11IhewouldhelpmewithmyEnglish,infacthedidn't.

AhasthoughtBthoughtCthinkDhadthought

12—Tom,yourshirtissodirty?

—Mom,I___ourstoreroomdownstairsandIwillwashitafterfinishingthecleaning.

AcleanedBhavecleanedCwascleaningDhavebeencleaning

13They_friendssincetheymetinNewYork.

AhavemadeBhavebecomeChavebeenDhaveturned

14Nobodybutthetwins_someinterestintheprojecttillnow.

AshowsBshowChaveshownDhasshown

15.Thestudentsdon'twanttohavetheirsupperuntiltheytheirexperiment.

AfinishedBhavefinishedChadfinishedDwillfinish

16BynowstudentsinGradeOne__1,700Englishwordsandphrases.

AshouldlearnBhavelearnedClearnedDlearn

17-Sorrytohavekeptyouwaiting!

-Ihereforfiftyminutes.

AhavearrivedBhavegotChavereachedDhavebeen

18-Wherehaveyoubeen?I__youthewholeday.

-Iwasinthelibraryreadingmagazines.

AhavebeentelephoningBhadtelephonedCtelephonedDwastelephoned

19-Hi,Tracy,youlooktired.

—Iamtired.Ithelivingroomallday.

ApaintedBhadpaintedChavebeenpaintingDhavepainted

20-whydidn'tyoucomeyesterday?

—I____,butIhadanunexpectedvisitor.

AhadBwouldCwasgoingtoDdid

21-Willyoubefreeatthreeo'clocktomorrowafternoon.

—No,I_ameetingatthattime.

AwillhaveBwasgoingtohaveCwillbehavingDwouldhave

22-WhatwereyoudoingwhenIphonedyouyesterday.

—I____justfinishedmyhomeworkand___towatchTV.

Ahave;amgoingBhave;wasgoingChad;wasgoingDhad;amgoing

23-Myfatherwillbeheretomorrow.

—Oh,Ithoughtthathe___today.

AwascomingBiscomingCwillcomeDcomes

24WhenwereachNewYork,it.

AprobablywillrainBwillprobablyberaining

CisprobablyrainingDhasprobablyrained

25一Isthisthelastexamwehavetotakethisterm?

—Yes,butthere___anothertestthreemonthsfromnow.

AhasBisCwasDwillbe

26Itwassaidthatthemachine_sometimethenextweek.

AhadbeenrepairedBwouldrepairCwastoberepairedDneedsrepairing

27-Whydidyoubuythispaintsoearly?

—I___mybedroomtomorrow,butIchangedmymind.

AwasgoingtopaintBamgoingtopaintCampaintingDwillpaint

28AtthistimetomorrowI_areportinmyofficeandI_bynoon.

AwillbewritingCwillhavefinishedBwillwriteDwillfinish

29（打算）seeMr.Lithisevening.

30—Haveyoucleanedyourroom?

-Sorry,Ihaven't.ButI（表意愿）goandcleanitatonce.

31ThejourneythatchangeToby'slifestartedinJulythatyear.（必定的状况）

32ItoldyouColinandIspendafewweekstraveling.（过去将来时）

33Weseethewildanimals,butthenwedidn'thavetime.（过去的打算）

34I__showyouthephoto___Iwasinterrupted.（正打算）

名词性从句

名词性从句相当于名词，可分别作主句的主语、表语、宾语和同位语。因此，名词性从

句厅分为主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和同位从句。

（-）引导名词性从句的连接词

1、连接代词：who,whose,whom,what,which（.有词义，在从句中担当成分，如主语、

表语、宾语、或定语等。

2、连接副词：when,where,why,how,有词义，在从句中担当成分，作状语。

3、连接词：that,whether,if,asif。that无词义，在从句中不担当成分，有时可省略：if

（whether）,asif虽有词义，但在从句中不担当成分。

鼠意：连接代词与连接副词在句中不再是疑问句，因而从句中谓语不用疑问式。连接

代词与连接副词在从句充当句子成分，连接词whether和if（是否），asif（好象）在从句中

不充当句子成分，只起连接作用。依据句义，假如连接代词与连接副词，whether、if和asif

都用不上时，才用that作连接词（that本身无任何含义）。

（-）主语从句

1、主语从句在复合句作主语。

e.g.Whowillgoisnotimportant.

2、用it作形式主语，主语从句放在句末。

e.g.Itdoesn'tmattersomuchwhetheryouwillcomeornot.

3、that引导主语从句时，不能省略。

e.g.Thathesuddenlyfellilllastweekmadeussurprised.

（三）表语从句

1、表语从句在复合句中作表语，位于系动词之后。

e.g.Thequestionwaswhocouldgothere.

2、引导表语从句的连接词that有时可省去。

e.g.Myideais（that）wecangetmorecomradestohelpinthework.

（四）宾语从句

1、宾语从句在复合句中作宾语。引导宾语从句的连词that一般可省略。

e.g.Ihope（that）everythingisallright.

2、介词之后的宾语从句，不行用which或if连接，要分别用what或whether。

e.g.I'minterestedinwhetheryou'vefinishedthework..

I'minterestedinwhatyou'vesaid.

3、whether与if都可以引导宾语从句，常可互换。但下面状况不能互换。

①宾语从句是否定句时，只用if，不用whether。

e.g.Iwonderifitdoesn'train.

②用if会引起误会，就要用whethero

e.g.Pleaseletmeknowwhetheryouwanttogo.（此句假如把whether改成if,简洁当成条

件句理解）

③宾语从句中的whether与ornot干脆连用，就不能换成if；不干脆连用，可换。

e.g.Idon'tknowwhetherornotthereportistrue.

Idon'tknowwhether/ifthereportistrueornot.

④介词后的宾语从句要用whether引导。whether可与不定式连用。whether也可引导主

语从句、表语从句、同位语从句，还可引导让步状语从句，以上均不能换成if。但引导条件

从句时，只能用if,而不能用whether。

e.g.Itdependsonwhetherwehaveenoughtime.

Theydon'tknowwhethertogothere.

Pleasecometoseemeifyouhavetime.

（五）同位语从句

同位语从句在句中作某一名词的同位语，一般位于该名词（如：news,fact,idea,suggestion,

promise等）之后，说明该名词的具体内容。

e.g.Ihavenoideawhenhewillbeback.

Thefactthathehadnotsaidanythingsurprisedeverybody.

练习：

l.Thefact____sheworkshardiswellknowntousall.

A.thatB.whatC.whyD.which

2.Thefact__hewassuccessfulproveshisability.

A.thatB.whatC.whichD.why

3.Thenews__hewaskidnappedsurprisedusgreatly.

A.whatB.thatC.whyD.when

4.Hissuggestion__themeetingbedelayedwasturneddown.

A.whichB.thatC./D.it

5.1havenoideahewillstart.

A.whenB.thatC.whatD./

6.1'vecomefromthegovernmentwithamessage__themeetingwon'tbeheldtomorrow.

A.ifB.thatC.whetherD.which

7.Thethought__hemightfailintheexamworriedhim.

A.whenB.whichC.whatD.that

8.Theordertheprisonerbesetfreearrivedtoolate.

A.whichB.whetherC.thatD.what

9.Thenursesaretryingtheirbesttoreducethepatient'sfearhewoulddieofthedisease.

A.thatB.asC.ofwhichD.which

lO.Heoftenaskedmethequestion____theworkwasworthdoing.

A.whetherB.whereC.thatD.when

11.AlongwiththeletterwashispromisehewouldvisitmethiscomingChristmas.

A.whichB.thatC.whatD.whether

12.Theotherday,mybrotherdrovehiscardownthestreetat___Ithoughtwasadangerous

speed.

A.asB.whichC.whatD.that

13.Luckily,we'dbroughtaroadmapwithoutwewouldhavelostourway.

A.itB.thatC.thisD.which

14.Therearesignsrestaurantsarebecomingmorepopularwithfamilies.

A.thatB.whichC.inwhichD.whose

15.Wecanseethesamesignsstandoutthroughoutthecity.

A.thatB.whichC.inwhichD.whose

主谓一样

在英语句子里，谓语受主语支配，其动词必需和主语在人称和数上保持一样，这就叫主

谓一样。寻其规律，大致可归纳为三个原则，即语法一样、逻辑意义一样和就近一样原则。

(-)语法一样原则：语法上一样就是谓语动词和主语在单、复数形式上保持一样。

1、以单数名词或代词、动词不定式短语、动名词短语或从句作主语时，谓语动词一般

用单数形式；主语为复数时，谓语动词用复数形式。如：Hisfatherisworkingonthefarm./To

studyEnglishwellisnoteasy./Whathesaidisveryimportantforusall./Thechildrenwerein

theclassroomtwohoursago./Readinginthesunisbadforyoureyes.

留意•,由what引导的主语从句，后面的谓语动词多数状况用单数形式，但若表语是复

数或what从句是一个带有复数意义的并列结构时，主句的谓语动词用复数形式。如：What

IboughtwerethreeEnglishbooks./WhatIsayanddois(are)helpfultoyou.

2、由连接词and或both…and连接起来的合成主语后面，要用复数形式的谓语动词。

如：LucyandLilyaretwins./SheandIareclassmates./Theboyandthegirlweresurprised

whentheyheardthenews./BothsheandheareYoungPioneers.

故意：①若and所连接的两个词是指同一个人或物时，它后面的谓语动词就应用单数

形式。如：Thewriterandartisthascorner/®由and连接的并列单数主语前假如分别有no,

each,everymorethana(an),manya(an)修饰时，其谓语动词要用单数形式。如：Everystudent

andeveryteacherwasintheroom../Noboyandnogirllikesit.

3、主语为单数名词或代词，尽管后面跟有with,togetherwith,except,but,like,aswellas,

ratherthan,morethan,nolessthan,besides,including等引起的短语，谓语动词仍用单数形式；

若主语为复数，谓语用复数形式。如：MrGreen,togetherwithhiswifeandchildren,hascome

toChina./NobodybutJimandMikewasontheplayground./She,likeyouandTom,isverytall.

4、either,neither,each,every或no+单数名词和由some,any,no,every构成的复合不定

代词，都作单数看待。如：Eachofushasanewbook./Everythingaroundusismatter.

留意:①在口语中当either或neither后跟有“of+复数名词(或代词)”作主语时，其

谓语动词也可用复数。如：Neitherofthetextsis(are)interesting.②若noneof后面的名词

是不行数名词，它的谓语动词就要用单数；若它后面的名词是复数，它的谓语动词用单数或

复数都可以。如：Noneofushas(have)beentoAmerica.

5、在定语从句时，关系代词that,who,which等作主语时，其谓语动词的数应与句中先

行词的数一样。如：Heisoneofmyfriendswhoareworkinghard./Heistheonlyoneofmy

friendswhoisworkinghard.

6、假如集体名词指的是整个集体，它的谓语动词用单数；假如它指集体的成员，其谓

语动词就用复数形式。这些词有family,class,crowd,commiltee,population,audience等。如：

ClassFourisonthethirdfloor./ClassFourareunabletoagreeup