动词ing的被动形式

动词ing的被动形式动词-ing形式包括现在分词和动名词两种形式，因而其被动结构也有这两种形式。从时态上讲，动词-ing形式的被动语态有一般式和完成式两种，即beingdone和havingbeendone.动名词的被动形式在句中可作主语、宾语、表语、定语、和宾补；现在分词的被动形式在句中可作宾补、定语、表语和状语。一，动词－ing形式的一般式和完成式1.一般式表示一个被动的动作正在进行或与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生。Thatbuildingbeingrepairedisourlibrary.正在维修的那座大楼是我们的图书馆。Sheinsistedonbeinggiventhehardestwork.她坚持被派给最艰苦的工作。2.完成式表示的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前。Havingbeeinvited,MrLiwenttheretomakeaspeechthoughhewasbusy.被邀请后，李先生尽管很忙，还是去了那儿做了演讲。Iappreciatedhavingbeengiventhechancetostudyabroadtwoyearsago.我非常感谢两年前获得了去国外学习的机会。二，动词－ing形式被动式的否定形式，是在其前面加not.Hewasunhappyfornothavingbeeninvitedtotheparty.没有被邀请参加聚会，他感到很不高兴。三，动名词的被动形式1.当动名词的逻辑主语是这个动名词所表示的动作的承受者时，动名词一般要用被动形式。Beingexposedtothenuclearradiationforlongwilldogreatharmtoone’shealth.长时间暴露在核辐射下会对人体健康造成很大的伤害。Thegirlwasannoyedbybeingleftalone.让她一个人待着，这个女孩很恼火。2.句法作用（1）作主语Beingkilledbysharksatthattimewasacommonoccurrence.那是被鲨鱼吃掉是常有的事。Missingthetargetagainmadethecoachannoyed.又脱靶了，这使得教练很恼火。（2）作宾语的被动形式既可以作及物动词的宾语，又可以作介词的宾语。Iappreciatehavingbeengiventhechancetoachievemytarget.我很感激给我这次实现目标的机会。Hecouldn’tbearbeingmadefunoflikethat.人家那样开他的玩笑他受不了。Hediditwithoutbeingasked.没有谁让他做，是他自己做的。Ilookforwardtobeinginvitedtohiswedding.我盼望能受邀参加他的婚礼。（3）作表语Thisquestionisfarfrombeingsettled.这个问题远远没有得到解决。WhatIhatemostisbeinglaughedat.我最痛恨的就是被别人嘲笑。3.在want,need,require,deserve等动词以及worth这个形容词后面，常用动名词的主动形式表示被动意义，而当该动词为不及物动词时，后面应加上适当的介词。Yourhairismuchtoolong.Itneedscutting.你的头发太长了，该减减了。Theproblemofglobalwarmingdeservesreflectingon.全球变暖的问题值得仔细思考。Thisproblemrequiresstudyingwithgreatcare.这个问题需要仔细研究一下。Thepictureisnotworthlookingat.这幅画不值得一看。四、现在分词的被动式如果现在分词与逻辑主语之间是被动关系，或者现在分词的逻辑主语是其动作的承受者时，则应用现在分词的被动形式。它可以在句中充当定语、宾语补足语和状语。1.作定语Themeetingbeingheldinthemeetingroomisaboutimprovingentirestaffworkingconditions.在会议室里开的会师关于改善全体职员的工作条件的。2.作宾语补足语You’llfindtheiraffairbeingdiscussedeverywhere.你会发现到处都在讨论他们的暧昧关系。Heoftenwatchestheboatsbeingunloaded.他常常看船卸货。Asweapproachedthevillagewesawnewhousesbeingbuilt.走近村子时我们看到人们正在盖新房。3.作状语Beingaskedtogiveaperformance,shecouldn’tverywellrefuse.有人请她表演一个节目，她不好拒绝。Beingprotectedbyathickwall,theyfelttheywerequitesafe.有一堵厚墙掩护着，他们感到很安全。学法点拨：A.如果现在分词的动作先于句子谓语动词的动作发生，则用现在分词的完成被动式。Havingbeenbittenbythesnakesformanytimes,heisnowafraidofthem.被蛇咬过几次之后，他现在非常怕蛇。Havingbeengivensuchagoodchance,howcouldsheletitslipaway?人家给了她这样好的机会，她怎么能轻易放弃呢？B.如果现在分词所表示的动作有自己独立的逻辑主语，就构成独立主格结构。Thedecisionhavingbeenmade,thenextproblemwashowtomakeagoodplan.决定既已做出，下一个问题就是如何制定一个好的计划了。Allthecompositionshavingbeenwrittenandcollected,theteacheraskedthestudentstogohome.作文都写完并收齐之后，老师就让学生回家了。Weatherpermitting,we’llgoonanoutingtothebeachtomorrow.如果天气允许的话，我们将在明天组织一次海滨小游。练习：1._____inanatmosphereofsimplylivingwaswhatherparentswishedfor.girltobeeducatedgirleducatedgirl’sbeingeducatedgirlwaseducated2.______fortwoweeks,thevillagenowisinshortoffood.A.TofloodB.HavingfloodedC.HavingbeenfloodedD.Beingfloodedwant_______myhaircut,becauseitwants_________.A.having;cuttingB.tohave;cuttingC.tohave;tocutD.having;tocuttothecelebrationcanbeagreathonorforanordinarypersonlikehim.A.InvitedB.InvitingC.BeinginvitedD.HavingbeeninvitedaroundtheWaterCube,wewerethentakentoseetheBird’sNestforthe2008OlympicGames.A.HavingshownB.TobeshownC.HavingbeenshownD.Toshowbyotherswhenyoudonothingwrongatallisquiteabadexperience.A.HavingbeenmisunderstoodB.BeingmisunderstoodC.HavingmisunderstoodD.Misunderstoodstillremember_______chessinclassbymyteacherabouttwentyyearsago.A.tobecaughttoplayB.beingcaughtplayingC.catchingplayD.havingcaughtplaying8.Itrainedlastnightandtheflowersdon’trequire______,sohe_____watertheflowers.watered;doesn’tneedto;doesn’tneedtowater;needn’tbewatered;needn’tto9.Withmoreforest_______,hugequantitiesofgoodearth______eachyear.destroyed;arebeingwashedaway;isbeingwashedawaybedestroyed;arewashingaway;arewashedaway10.Iappreciate_______theopportunitytostudyabroadtwoyearsago,whichdoesgoodtomycareer.beengivengivenhavebeengivenbegiven11.Trytospendyourtimejustonthethingsyoufind________.doingthembeingdoneofdoingthemofbeingdone12.Everything_______doingisworthyof________well.;beingdone;doing;beingdone;doing13._______bythehighergradepupils,thesmallkidrefusedtogotoschool,whichpuzzledhismomalot.threa