职称英语综合类A级模拟92

［模拟］职称英语综合类A级模拟92

词汇选项下面共有15个句子，每个句子中均有1个词或短语带有

括号或下划线，请从每个句子后面所给的4个选项中选择1个与括号

里边部分意义最相近的词或短语。

第1题：

Theyhave<u>givenup</u>thehopetosavetheirfriendfromdrowning.

A.ended

B.abandoned

C.built

D.strengthen

参考答案：B

题意：他们放弃了解救他们溺水朋友的希望。划线词意为“放弃”。A项end意

为"结束例：ThegovernmentactedtoendabakersJstrikeinthecity.政

府采取行动结束了城里面包师傅的罢工。B项abandon意为“放弃”。例；Fearing

furtherattacks,mostofthepopulationhadabandonedthecity.害怕城

市进一步受到攻击，大多数人已经离开。C项build意为“建立；加强”。例：

Tensionisbuildingbetweenthetwonations.两国之间的紧张关系正在上

升°D项strengthen意为'加强”。例：Ourfriendshiphassteadilystrengthened

overtheyears.几年来我们的友谊有了持续的增进。故选B。

第2题：

I<u>seldom</u>watchTV.

A.rarely

B.frequently

C.normally

D.occasionally

参考答案：A

题意：我很少看电视。划线词意为“很少”。A项rarely意为“很少”。例：

Sherarelyeatspork.她很少吃肉。B项frequently意为"常常"。例：The

weakchildfallssickfrequently.这个瘦小的孩子常常生病。C项normally

意为“通常”。例：Inormallystayathomeintheevening.晚上我通常在

家。D项occasionally意为“偶然地"。例：MybrotherandIoccasionally

visitourparentsinthecountryside.哥哥和我偶而去乡下看我们的父母。

故选Ao

第3题：

Thedentisthasdecidedto<u>takeout</u>thegirTsbadtooth.

i

A.dig

B.draw

C.pull

D.extract

参考答案：D

题意：牙医准备把这个女孩的坏牙拔出来。划线词意为“取出；带出"。A项dig

意为“挖”0例:Thiefescapedbydigginganundergroundtunnel.盗贼是

通过挖一条地道逃走的。B项draw意为“抽；取"。例：Thecorruptofficial

drewalargesumofmoneyfromabankbeforeheleftthecountry.腐败

官员在离开时在一家银行取走了一大笔钱。C项pull意为“拉”o例：Jacktried

topullthedraweropen.杰克试图拉开抽屉。D项extract意为“取出，抽

出”。例：Thenutsarecrushedtoextracttheoilfromthem.胡桃压碎

后就能取油。故选D。

第4题：

Thesearetheir<u>motives</u>fordoingit.

A.reasons

B.excuses

C.answers

D.plans

参考答案：A

题意：这些是他们做这事的动机。划线词motives意为“动机”。A项reasons

意为“原因，理由"。例：Icanonlyguessthereason.我只能猜测原因。B

项excuses意为“借口，托辞”。例：Hisexcusewasnotvalid.他的借口靠

不住。C项answers意为'回答，答案”。例：Howcouldyouanswerhimsocasually?

你怎么能这样随便地回答他呢?D项plans意为“计划，方案”。例：Hisplan

backfiredonhim,andhelostallhismoney.他的计划事与愿违，因此他

的钱全亏掉了。故选A。

第5题：

Theriver<u>widens</u>considerablyasitbeginstoturnwest.

A.twists

B.stretches

C.broadens

D.bends

参考答案：C

题意：当开始向西转弯时，河显著变宽了。划线词widens意为“变宽”。A项

twists意为“扭曲，蜿蜒”o例：Themountainridgesinthisareatwistand

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twine,stretchingendlessly.这个山区的山脉蜿蜒曲折，连绵不绝。B项

stretches意为“伸展，延伸”。例：Inthemorningyoucanenjoyabreath

offreshair,stretchwaist.在晨曦中你可以尽情呼吸新鲜的空气，伸展腰身。

C项broadens意为“扩大,变宽”。例：Thetrailsbroadenedintoroads.小

径变宽成了大路。D项bends意为“弯曲，屈服”。例：Thestickdoesnotbend.这

根棍不弯曲。故选C。

第6题：

Henrycannotresistthe<u>lure</u>ofdrugs.

A.abuse

B.flavor

C.temptation

D.consumption

参考答案：C

题意：亨利不能抵挡毒品的诱惑。划线词lure意为“诱惑”。A项abuse意为

“弊端，恶习，虐待”。例：Shedecidestocorrecthimthisabuse.她决

定要改正他这个恶习°B项flavor意为“风味，香料，滋味例：Chinesecuisine

takescareofcolor,flavorandtaste.中式菜肴讲究色、香、味俱全。C

项temptation意为“引诱，引诱物”。例：Notemptationcouldmakehimfalse

toafriend.没有诱惑能使他欺骗朋友。D项consumption意为“消耗，消费”。

例：Weneedtoadjustthebalancebetweeninvestmentandconsumption.我

们需要调整投资和消费的平衡。故选C。

第7题：

Agreatdealhasbeendoneto<u>remedy</u>thesituation.

A.maintain

B.improve

C.assess

D.protect

参考答案：B

题意：为了挽救局面已经做了很多事。划线词remedy意为“补救，纠正”。A

项maintain意为“维护，维修"。例：Let，smaintainpeaceintheworld.让

我们来维护世界和平。B项improve意为“改善,增加来例:Weshouldimprove

thelivingconditionsofthepeople.我们应改善人民生活。C项assess意

为“评估,评定”。例：Wetriedtoassesshissuitabilityforthejob.我

们想评估一下他是否适合这项工作。D项protect意为“保护，防卫"。例：An

umbrellawillprotectyoufromtherain.雨伞可以保护你不至于淋雨。故

选B。

第8题:

3

Youlook<u>smart</u>inthenewsuit.

A.clever

B.handsome

C.loyal

D.brave

参考答案：B

题意：你穿这套新衣服很帅气。划线词smart意为“漂亮的”。A项clever意

为“聪明的"。例：Sheknewhimtobeindustriousandclever.她知道他

既勤奋又聪明。B项handsome意为“帅气的"。例：Tomwasahandsomeyoung

man.汤姆是一个帅气的小伙子。C项loyal意为“忠诚的”，常和介词“to”

搭配,表示“忠于…”。例：Weareloyaltoourmotherland.我们忠于祖国。

D项brave意为“勇敢的"。例：Hewasasbraveasalion,他勇猛如雄狮。

故选B。

第9题：

Hehasn'tthefundsto<u>carryout</u>hisdesign.

A.make

B.keep

C.change

D.implement

参考答案：D

题意：他没有资金来施行他的计划。划线词carryout意为“实施”。A项made

意为“做，制造"。例:Marymadeapaperboat.玛丽做了一只纸船。B项keep

意为“保持"。例：Keepstraightonuntilyougettothechurch.一直朝

前走直到走到教堂为止。C项change意为“改变”。例：Inautumntheleaves

changefromgreentoyellowishbrown.秋天树叶由绿色变成黄褐色。D项

implement意为“使生效，履行.实施"。例：weneedmoneytoimplementthe

program.我们需要钱采实行这个计划。故选D。

第10题：

Iwas<u>astonished</u>atthenewsofhisescape.

A.amused

B.amounted

C.amazed

D.approached

参考答案：C

题意：听到他逃之夭夭的道息，我感到惊讶。划线词astonished意为“吃惊的”。

A项amused意为“被逗乐的"。例：Theaudiencewasamusedbythe

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performance.观众被这个表演逗乐了。B项amounted意为“总计"。例：Myincome

forthatyearamountedto1,000dollars.我那一年的收入达到1000美元。

C项amazed意为“惊讶的"。例：Iwasamazedatherabilitytocopewith

thedifficultsituation.她应付困境的能力使我惊讶。D项approached意为

“靠近"o彳列：Asthewinterapproached,theweatherbecamecolder.因

冬天渐近，天气变得冷些了。故选C。

第11题：

It'salmost5o'clock,timeto<u>quit</u>.

A.increase

B.stop

C.continue

D.keep

参考答案：B

题意：都快5点钟了，谊下班了。划线词quit意为“停止”。A项increase意

为“增力口”。例：Theworkersaretryingtheirbesttoincreaseproductivity.工

人们正竭尽全力提高生产力。B项stop意为“停止”。例：Thetrainstopped

atthestttion.火车在车站停了下来。C项continue意为“继续”。例：He

continuedhiswritingforanotheryear.他又继续写了一年。D项keep意

为“保持，阻止"。例：Robbiecouldn,tkeepthechildfromyelling.罗

比没法使孩子不大叫大嚷。故选B。

第12题:

Reliefworkerswere<u>shocked</u>bywhattheysaw.

A.moved

B.touched

C.surprised

D.worried

参考答案：C

题意：救灾人员对他们所看到的情况感到震惊。划线词shocked意为“震惊，震

动”oA项moved意为“使...感动；例句：Wearemovedintearsbyhisvivid

stories.我们被他生动的故事感动地热泪盈眶。B项touched意为“触摸，触

动；例句：Touchyourtoeswithoutbendingyourknees.用手够到你的脚

趾，膝盖别弯曲。C项surprised意为“使惊奇；例句：Itsurprisedmethat

adriverofAlain,sexperienceshouldmakethosemistakes.令我吃惊的

是，像阿莱恩这样有经验的一位司机竟然会犯那些错误。D项worried意为“担

忧，担心，例句，Don'tworry,you'11soonhaveyourworkover.别担心，

你的事情很快就能做完。故选C。

第13题:

5

Theweatherisaconstant<u>subject</u>ofconversationinBritain.

A.question

B.problem

C.title

D.topic

参考答案：D

题意：在英国，天气常常是人们谈论的一个话题。划线词subject意为“主题”。

A项question意为“问题，例句：Answermyquestionswithouthesitation.要

毫不犹豫地回答我的问题。B项problem意为“难题，习题；例句：Anewproblem

hasbeenrearedupinproduction.生产中出现了一个新问题。C项title意

为“标题，头衔；例句：Thetitleofthenovelis“SonsandLovers”.这

本书的书名为《儿子与情人》。D项topic意为“主题。话题；例句：Thetopic

hasbeenstudiedbymanyinvestigators.这个课题已经被很多研究者探索过。

故选Do

第14题：

ThisisnottypicalofEnglish,butisa<u>feature</u>oftheChinese

language.

A.particular

B.characteristic

C.remarkable

D.idiomatic

参考答案：B

题意：在英语里这并不典型，但却是汉语的一个特色。划线词typical意为“典

型的，特有的"。A项particular意为“特别的，详细的；例句：Eachmineral

hascrystalsofaparticularshape.每种矿物的晶体都有其特殊的形状。B

项characteristic意为“典型的,特有的；例句：Feathersarecharacteristic

specifictobirds.羽毛是鸟类特有的。C项remarkable意为“卓越的，非凡

的;例句：Hereloquenceisaremarkablegift.她的口才是一种非凡的天赋。

D项idiomatic意为“惯用的，符合语言习惯的；例句:Shespeaksfluentand

idiomaticEnglish,她讲一口流利地道的英语。故选B。

第15题:

Itis<u>virtually</u>impossibletopersuadehimtoapplyforthejob.

A.simply

B.almost

C.totally

D.completely

参考答案：B

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题意：说服他申请那项工作几乎是不可能的。划线词virtually意为“事实上，

几乎,实际上"。A项simply意为“简单地。仅仅，例句:Somepeopletravel

simplytoawayfromthehotweather.一些人旅游仅仅是为了避暑。B项almost

意为“差不多，几乎；例句：ThemoviehadalmostfinishedwhenIwentto

thecinema.我到电影院的时候电影几乎要演完了。C项totally意为“完全地;

例句：Heisovereiglatyyearsofage,infirmandtotallyblind.他八

十多岁了，身体虚弱，双目失明。D项completely意为“完全地，彻底地；例

句：Dozensofflatshadbeencompletelydestroyed.许多公寓已经被完全

破坏了。故选B。

阅读判断阅读下面这篇短文，短文后列出了7个句子，请根据

短文的内容对每个句子做出判断。如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选

A：如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选B；如果该句的信息文章中没

有提及，请选C。

ComputerVirus

Thecomputervirusisanoutcomeofthecomputerovergrowthin

the1980s.Thecauseoftheterm"computervirus"isthelikenessbetween

thebiologicalvirusandtheevilprograminfectedwithcomputers.The

originofthistermcamefromanAmericansciencefiction，zTheAdolescence

ofP一r'writ-tenbyThomasJ.Ryan,publishedin1977.Humanviruses

invadealivingcellandturnitintoafactoryformanufacturingviruses.

However,computervirusesaresmallprograms.Theyreplicatebyattaching

acopyofthemselvestoanotherprogram.

OnceattachedtohostProgram,thevirusesthenlookforother

programsto"infect”.Inthisway,theviruscanspreadquicklythroughout

aharddiskoranentireorganizationwhenitinfectsaLANoramulti

一usersystem.Atsomepoint,determinedbyhowtheviruswasprogrammed

thevirusattacks.Thetimingoftheattackcanbelinkedtoanumberof

situations,includingacertaintimeordate,thepresenceofaparticular

file,thesecurityprivilegeleveloftheuser,andthenumberoftimes

afileisused.Likewise,themodeofattackvaries.So一called"benign”

virusesmightsimplydisplayamessage,liketheonethatinfectedIBM

'smaincomputersystemlastChristmaswithaseason'sgreeting.

Malignantvirusesaredesignedtodamagethesystem.Theattack

istowipeoutdata,todeletefliesortoformattheharddisk.

WhatKindofVirusesAreThere?Therearefourmaintypesof

viruses:shell,intrusive,operatingsystemandsourceode.Shellviruses

wrapthemselvesaroundahostprogramanddon'tmodifytheoriginal

program.Shellprogramsareeasytowrite,whichiswhyabouthalfof

virusesareofthistype.IntrusivevirusesInvadeanexistingprogram

andactuallyinsertaportionofthemselvesintothehostprogram.

Intrusivevirusesarehardtowriteandverydifficulttoremovewithout

7

damagingthehostfile.

第16题：

Theterm"computervirus"camefromanAmericansciencefiction”The

AdolescenceofP-1〃.

A.Right

B.Wrong

C.Notmentioned

参考答案：A

第17题：

ThevirusthatinfectedIBM'smaincomputersystemlastChristmaswas

designedtodamagethesystem.

A.Right

B.Wrong

C.Notmentioned

参考答案：B

第18题：

Therearetwokindsofattackmodes.

A.Right

B.Wrong

C.Notmentioned

参考答案：A

第19题：

Ifthedevelopmentofcomputerswascontrolledtherewillbenocomputer

virus.

A.Right

B.Wrong

C.Notmentioned

参考答案：C

8

第20题：

ComputervirusspreadmorequicklywhenitinfectsaLANthanamulti

一usersystem.

A.Right

B.Wrong

C.Notmentioned

参考答案：C

第21题：

Fourmaintypesofvirusesareillustratedindetail.

A.Right

B.Wrong

C.Notmentioned

参考答案：B

第22题:

YouhavetodamagethehostfileifyouwanttoremoveIntrusivevirus.

A.Right

B.Wrong

C.Notmentioned

参考答案：A

概括大意与完成句子阅读下面这篇短文,短文后有2项测试任

务：（1）第23〜26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第2〜5段每段选择

1个正确的小标题；（2）第27〜30题要求从所给的6个选项中选择4

个正确选项，分别完成每个句子。

EnglishandEnglishCommunity

1.ThereisnodoubtthatEnglishisausefullanguage.The

peoplewhospeakEnglishtodaymakeupthelargestspeechcommunityin

theworldwiththeexceptionofspeakersofChinese.

2.Aspeechcommunityissimilartootherkindsofcommunities.

Thepeoplewhomakeupthecommunityshareacommonlanguage.Oftenthey

livesidebyside,astheydoinaneighborhood（街坊），avillage,ora

city.Moreoftentheyformawholecountry.Nationalboundaries,however,

9

arenotalwaysthesameastheboundariesofaspeechcommunity.Aspeech

communityisanygroupofpeoplewhospeakthesamelanguagenomatter

wheretheyhappentolive.

3.WemaysaythatanyonewhospeaksEnglishbelongstothe

Englishspeechcommunity.Forconvenience（方便），wemaydividethe

speakersintotwogroups;oneinwhichthespeakersuseEnglishastheir

nativelanguage,theotherinwhichthespeakerslearnEnglishasasecond

languageforthepurposeofeducation,commerce,andsoon.

4.Learningasecondlanguageextendsone'svisionandexpands

themind.Thehistoryandliteratureofasecondlanguagerecordthereal

andfictional（虚构的）livesofpeopleandtheirculture;aknowledgeof

themaddstoourabilitytounderstandandtofeelastheyfeel.Learning

Englishasasecondlanguageprovidesanothermeansofcommunication

throughwhichthewindowoftheentireEnglishspeechcommunitybecomes

apartofourheritage.

23-26的选项

A.ThreatPosedbyEnglish

B.DefinitionofaSpeechCommunity

C.BenefitsofLearningaSecondLanguage

D.AdvantagesofLearningChinese

E.TwoGroupsoftheEnglishSpeechCommunity

F.AWidelyUsedLanguage

27-30的选项

A.asecondlanguage

B.thesamelanguage

C.thesamespeechcommunity

D.anyotherlanguage

E.nationalboundaries

F.apartofone'sheritage

第23题:

Paragraph1______.

参考答案:

F

详细解答：

考查介词短语:withtheexceptionof除…外用法。"Thepeoplewhospeak

Englishtodaymakeupthelargestspeechcommunityintheworldwiththe

exceptionofspeakersofChinese.”文章第一段介绍说世界上除了汉语之外，

应用最广的就是英语了。

第24题：

Paragraph2.

10

参考答案：

B

详细解答：

考查段首段、尾定位法。段首：“aspeechcommunityis…"断尾："aspeech

communityis…”第二段主要讲的是什么是"aspeechcommunity",即"aspeech

communityv的定义。

第25题:

Paragraph3.

参考答案：

E

详细解答：

考查概括大意：第三段两句话。第一句是过渡句，第二句“…dividethe

speakersintotwogroups：one…theother…"主要讲"theEnglishspeech

community"分为两组，即以英语为母语的人为一组和以英语为第二语言的人为

一组。

第26题：

Paragraph4.

参考答案:

C

详细解答：

考查概括大意：文章第四段主要讲学习第二语言的益处。“Learningasecond

lan一guageextendsone'svisionandexpandstnemind.第一句总括；第二

句说第二语言的历史文化，"historyandliteratureofasecondlanguage…”

第三句，说第二语言作用“一•meansofcommunication,--apartofourheritage”。

第27题：

OveralltherearemorespeakersofChinesethanof.

参考答案:

D

详细解答：

从文章第一段可以得知，"…largestspeechcommunityintheworld,•,

说汉语的人比说任何其他语言的人都要多。

第28题:

Theboundariesofaspeechcommunitymaybedifferentfrom_____.

11

参考答案:

E

详细解答：

从文章第二段可以得知，“aspeechcommunity”的边界与一个国家的边界

有可能不同。

第29题:

Peoplewholiveindifferentplacesmaybelongto.

参考答案：

C

详细解答：

从文章第二段可以得知，"Thepeoplewhomakeupthecommunityshare

acommonlanguage.”居住在不同地区的人们却有可能同属一个"speech

community”。

第30题：

ManypeoplelearnEnglishas.

参考答案：

A

详细解答：

从文章第二段可以推断，"Thepeoplewhomakeupthecommunityshare

acommonlanguage…largestspeechcommunityintheworld…”许多人将英

语作为第二语言来学。

阅读理解下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题，每道题后面

有4个选项。请根据文章的内容，从每题所给的4个选项中选择1

个最佳答案。

AGayBiologist

MolecularbiologistDeanHamerhasblueeyes,lightbrownhair

andagoodsenseofhumor.Hesmokescigarettes,spendslonghoursinan

oldlaboratoryattheUSNationalInstituteofHealth,andinhisfree

timeclimbsupcliffsandpointshisskisdownsteepslopes.Healso

happenstobeopenly,matteroffactlygay.

WhatisitthatmakesHamerwhoheis?What,forthatmatter,

accountsforthetalentsandtraitsthatmakeupanyone'spersonality?

Hamerisnotcontentmerelytoasksuchquestions;heistryingtoanswer

themaswell.Apioneerinthefieldofmolecularpsychology,Hameris

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exploringtherolegenesplayingoverningtheverycoreofour

individuality.Toaremarkableextent,hisworkonwhatmightbecalled

thegay,thrill-seekingandquit-smokinggenesreflectshowowngenetic

predispositions.

Thatwork,whichhasappearedmostlyinscientificjournals,

hasbeengatheredintoanaccessibleandquitereadableforminHamer

'screativenewbook,LivingwithOurGenes."Youhaveaboutasmuchchoice

insomeaspectofyourpersonality.〃Hamerandco-authorPeterCopeland

writeintheintroductorychapter,〃asyoudointheshapeofyournose

orthesizeofyourfeet.〃

Untilrecently,researchintobehavioralgeneticswasdominated

bypsychiatristsandpsychologists,whobasedtheirmostcompelling

conclusionsabouttheimportanceofgenesonstudiesofidenticaltwins.

Forexample,psychologistMichaelBaileyofNorthwesternUniversity

famouslydemonstratedthatifoneidenticaltwinisgay,thereisabout

a50%likelihoodthattheotherwillbetoo.Sevenyearsago,Hamerpicked

upwherethetwinstudiesleftoff,hominginonspecificstripsofDNA

thatappeartoinfluenceeverythingfrommoodtosexualorientation.

Hamerswitchedtobehavioralgeneticsfrombasicresearch,

afterreceivinghisdoctoratefromHarvard,hespentmorethanadecade

studyingthebiochemistryofaproteinthatcellsusetometabolizeheavy

metalslikecopperandzinc.Ashewasabouttoturn40,however,Hamer

suddenlyrealizedhehadlearnedasmuchabouttheproteinashecared

to.”Frankly,1wasbored,〃heremembers,“andreadyforsomethingnew.

〃

Homosexualbehavior,inparticular,seemedripeforexploration

becausefewscientistshaddaredtacklesuchanemotionallyand

politicallychargedsubject.〃I'mgay,〃Hamersayswithashrug,“but

thatwasnotamajormotivation.Itwasmoreofaquestionofintellectual

curiosity一andthefactthatnooneelsewasdoingthissortofresearch.

〃

第31题：

ThefirstparagraphdescribesHamer's.

A.looks,hobbiesandcharacter

B.viewpointonhomosexuality

C.uniquelife-style

D.scientificresearchwork

参考答案：A

第32题：

Hamerwasa.

13

A.psychiatrist

B.physiologist

C.chemist

D.biologist

参考答案：D

第33题:

WhatisHamerdoingnow?

A.Heisexploringtheroleofgenesindecidingone'sintelligence.

B.Heisexploringtheroleofgenesindecidingone'spersonality.

C.Heiswritingabookentitled"LivewithOurGenes.〃

D.Heistryingtoanswersomequestionsonatestpaper.

参考答案：B

第34题：

WhathappenedtoHamer'sresearchinterest?

A.Heturnedtobasicresearch.

B.Hestickedtobasicresearch.

C.Heturnedtobehavioralgenetics.

D.Hestickedtobehavioralgenetics.

参考答案：C

第35题:

AccordingtoHamer,whatwasoneofthemainreasonsforhimtochoose

homosexualbehaviorashisresearchsubject?

A.Heisagayandhewantstocurehimself.

B.Hewascuriousaboutitasascientist.

C.Hewascuriousaboutitlikeeveryoneelse.

D.Itisasubjectthatcanleadtopoliticalsuccess.

参考答案：B

DNAFingerprinting

14

DNAisthegeneticmaterialfoundwithinthecellnucleiofall

livingthings.InmammalsthestrandsofDNAaregroupedintostructures

calledchromosomes.Withtheexceptionofidenticalsiblings(asin

identicaltwins),thecompleteDNAofeachindividualisunique.

DNAfingerprintingissometimescalledDNAtyping.Itisa

methodofidentificationthatcomparesbitsofDNA.ADNAfingerprintis

constructedbyfirstdrawingoutaDNAsamplefrombodytissueorfluid

suchashair,blood,orsaliva.Thesampleisthensegmentedusingenzymes,

andthesegmentsarearrangedbysize.Thesegmentsaremarkedwithprobes

andexposedonX-rayfilm,wheretheyformapatternofblackbars—the

DNAfingerprint.IftheDNAfingerprintsproducedfromtwodifferent

samplesmatch,thetwosamplesprobablycamefromthesameperson.

DNAfingerprintingwasfirstdevelopedasallidentification

techniquein1985.Originallyusedtodetectthepresenceofgenetic

diseases,itsooncametobeusedincriminalinvestigationsandlegal

affairs.ThefirstcriminalconvictionbasedonDNAevidenceintheUnited

Statesoccurredin1988.Incriminalinvestigations,DNAfingerprints

derivedfromevidencecollectedatthecrimescenearecomparedtothe

DNAfingerprintsofsuspects.Generally,courtshaveacceptedthe

reliabilityofDNAtestingandadmittedDNAtestresultsintoevidence.

However,DNAfingerprintingiscontroversialinanumberofareas:the

accuracyoftheresults,thecostoftesting,andthepossiblemisuseof

thetechnique.

TheaccuracyofDNAfingerprintinghasbeenchallengedfor

severalreasons.First,becauseDNAsegmentsratherthancompleteDNA

strandsare"fingerprinted”:aDNAfingerprintmaynotbeunique;

large-scaleresearchtoconfirmtheuniquenessofDNAfingerprintingtest

resultshasnotbeenconducted.Inaddition,DNAfingerprintingisoften

doneinprivatelaboratoriesthatmaynotfollowuniformtestingstandards

andqualitycontrols.Also,sincehumanbeingsmustinterpretthetest,

humanerrorcouldleadtofalseresults.

DNAfingerprintingisexpensive.Suspectswhoareunableto

providetheirownDNAtoexpertsmaynotbeabletosuccessfullydefend

themselvesagainstchargesbasedonDNAevidence.

WidespreaduseofDNAtestingforidentificationpurposesmay

leadtotheestablishmentofaDNAfingerprintdatabase.

第36题:

Accordingtotheessay,wecanfindchromosomes.

A.inafish

B.inatree

C.inasheep

D.inarock

参考答案：C

15

第37题：

DNAfingerprintingismoreoftenusedfor.

A.obtainingsamplesofchromosomes

B.providingevidenceincourtinvestigations

C.provingthehorsetobeamammal

D.printingbooksaboutbiology

参考答案：B

第38题:

Whenyourbrotherlooksexactlylikeyou,yourcompleteDNAmaybe.

A.exactlylikehis

B.totallydifferentfromhis

C.unique

D.lost

参考答案：A

第39题：

SomepeoplebelievethatusingaDNAfingerprintmaynotbesoreliable

because.

A.theaccuracyofDNAfingerprintinghasbeenchallenged

B.noprivatelaboratoryfollowsuniformtestingstandardsorquality

controls

C.mistakesarepossiblewhenresearchersexplaintheresultsoftheir

tests

D.suspectsmaynothaveenoughmoneytoprovidetheirownDNAto

law-courts

参考答案：c

第40题：

ThisessaytalksaboutDNAfingerprintingconcerningthefollowing

aspectsEXCEPT______.

A.legalapplicationofthemethod

16

B.thewaytoobtainaDNAsample

C.workyettobedoneaboutDNAfingerprinting

D.possibledangerindrawingaDNAsamplefromthehumanbody

参考答案：D

MysteriousNazcaDrawings

Oneofthemostmysteriousarchaeologicalspectaclesinthe

worldistheimmensecomplexofgeo-metricalsymbols,giant

ground-drawingsofbirdsandanimals,andhundredsoflong,

ruler-straightlines,somerightacrossmountains,whichstretchover

1,200squaremilesofthePeruviantablelands,atNazca.

Nazcawasfirstrevealedtomoderneyesin1926whenthree

explorerslookeddownonthedesertfromahillsideatduskandbriefly

sawaNazcalinehighlightedbytheraysofthesun.Butitwasnotuntil

thePeruvianairforcetookaerialphotographsinthe1940sthatthefull

magnificenceofthepanoramawasapparent.Hundredsofwhatlookedlike

landingstripsforaircraftwererevealed.Therewereeighteenbird-like

drawings,upto400feetlong)four-sidedfigureswithtwolinesparallel;

andlongneedle-liketriangleswhichranformiles.Amongthemany

abstractpatternswereagiantspider,amonkey,ashark,alldrawnon

thegroundonahugescale.

Thescaleismonumental,butfromthegroundalmostinvisible

andtotallyincomprehensible.TheamazingfactaboutNazca,createdmore

than1,500yearsago,isthatitcanonlybeappreciatedifseenfrom

theair.Many,therefore,regardeditasaprehistoriclandinggroundfor

visitorsfromouterspace,butJimWoodman,anAmericanexplorer,whowas

longfascinatedbythemysteryofNazca,hadadifferentopinion.He

believedthatNazcaonlymadesenseifthepeoplewhohaddesignedand

ma