高三英语语法总结重点

高三英语语法总结重点

高三英语语法：表语从句

1、关联词不能省略

2、从句用陈述语序

常见引导词

what,when,where,why,whether,how,that,because,which,

WhatsurprisedmemostwasthathespokeEnglishsowell.

Thequestionishowwhatyouvesaidcanbeputintopractice.

Thereason(why)hedidntcomeisthathewasill.

It(This,That)isbecauseironcontainsmorecarbonthansteel.

高三英语语法：同位语从句

1、关联词不能省略

2、从句用陈述语序

从句的名词后接同位语

fact,idea,word,promise,saying,problem,news

常见引导词

that,whether,where,how,etc.

Thefactsthathesucceededintheexperimentpleasedus.

Anideacametoherthatshemightdothatinanotherway.

Scientistshavearguedovertheproblemwhetherthereislifeonother

planets.

高三英语语法：状语从句

一.定义：在句中作状语的从句就叫做状语从句

二.分类：状语从句包括以下八类

1.时间状语从句:由when,while,as,before,after,since,till/until,as

soonas等弓I导

a.Ishalltellhimthegoodnewswhenhecomes.

2.缘由状语从句:由because,as,since,for等引导

a.Hedidnthearmebecausehewaslisteningtotheradio.

b.Sinceyouarefreetoday,youhadbettershowmehowtousethe

computer.

3.地点状语从句：由where等引导

a.Pleaseputthebookwhereitwasafteryoufinishreadingit.

4.条件状语从句：由if,unless等引导

a.IwillcometoseeyouifIhavetimeonSunday.

5.比拟或方式状语从句：由than,as,asif,as...as...等引导

a.Iknowyoudobetterthanhedoes.

b.Theoldworkerrunsveryfastasifhewereayoungman.

6.目的状语从句：由sothat,inorderthat等引导

a.Theysetoutearlysothattheycouldarriveatthestationingoodtime.

7.结果状语从句：由so,sothat,so/such...that…等引导

a.Theysetoutearlysothattheyarrivedatthestationingoodtime.

b.Hefinishedhisworksowellthatthebosspraisedhiminpublic.

8.让步状语从句：由though/although,evenif,whatever,whoever,

whenever,nomatterwhat/who等弓I导

a.Heisinverygoodhealththoughheisold.

b.Theydidntstopworkingevenifitbegantorainhard.

三.应留意的问题：

1.时间和条件状语从句中常用一般时代替将来时

a.IwillgoandseeafilmifIhavetimetomorrow.

b.Iwilltelltheaboutitassoonashecomesback.

c.Hesaidhewouldgooutforawalkwhenhefinishedhiswork.

2.状语从句中可有省略：在一个含有状语从句的复合句中，假如主句

和状语从句的主语一样，或状语从句的主语是it,并且状语从句的谓语含

有be动词时，可以将状语从句的主语和be一起省略掉

a.As(shewas)achild,shebegantolearnEnglish.

b.If(hewas)alive,hemustbeatleastninetyyearsold.

c.Although(hewas)toldtostop,hekeptonworking.

d.If(itis)necessary,ringmeup.

e.Hedidntsayasingleworduntil(hewas)asked.

3.as和than引导的比拟状语从句中，从句中和主句中一样的局部往往

省略，从句中只剩下比拟对象

a.HeisaheadtallerthanI(amtall).

than之后的人称代词是主格或宾格时，有时意思不同，如：

a.Shelikesthedogmorethanme.=Shelikesthedogmorethanshelikes

me.她宠爱狗比宠爱我更多

b.Shelikesthedogmorethanl.=ShelikesthedogmorethanIlikethe

god.她比我更宠爱狗

4.含有nosoonerthan和hardly/barely/scarcelywhen的句子相当于含

有assoonas引导的时间状语的句子.nosooner或hardly放在句首时，主

谓要局部倒装

a.Hehadnosoonerseenthepolicemanthanheranaway.=Nosooner

hadheseenthepolicemanthanheranaway.=Heranawayassoonashesaw

thepolicemen.

b.Hehadhardlysatdownwhenthetelephonerang.=Hardlyhadhesat

downwhenthetelephonerang.=Thetelephonerangassoonashesatdown.

5.immediately,directly,instantly等词也可以作为连词引导时间状语从

句，相当于assoonas引导的时间状语

a.IwenttoseehimimmediatelyIheardfromhim.=1wenttoseehimas

soonasIheardfromhim.

6.themoment,theminute,thesecond引导时间状语从句，相当于as

soonas引导的时间状语

a.Heletoutacrythemomenthesawthesnake.=Heletoutacryas

soonashesawthesnake.

7.eachtime,everytime,anytime,lasttime,nexttime,firsttime可以弓I

导时间状语从句

a.Theyshakehandswitheachothereachtimetheymeet.

8.since引导的时间状语从句中，假设谓语动词是持续性动词或状态动

词，那么其过去时表示动作的完成或状态的完毕

a.Itisfiveyearssincehelivedhere.他不住这里己有五年了

a.Theyshakehandswitheachothereachtimetheymeet.

8.since引导的时间状语从句中，假设谓语动词是持续性动词或状态动

词，那么其过去时表示动作的完成或状态的完毕

a.Itisfiveyearssincehelivedhere.他不住这里己有五年了

高三英语语法：定语从句

关系代词引导的定语从句

一.关系代词的用法：关系代词指代先行词

在定语从句中作主语

在定语从句中作动词的宾语或者介词的宾语，介词在后

指人

that/who

that/who/whom

指物

that/which

that/which

上表中黑框内的关系代词可以省略；在口语及非正式文体中whom常

被who所替代；另外，关系代词whose表示（先行词）的

二.例如:

1.关系代词在定语从句中作主语

a.Doyouknowthemanthat/whocametoseeXiaoYangthismorning?

b.Thisisabookthat/whichtellsaboutspacerocket.

2.关系代词在定语从句中作动词的宾语

a.Thecomrade(that/who/whom)theycametovisitisascientist.

b.Iwillneverforgettheday(that/which)wespentinthecountryside.

3.关系代词在定语从句中作介词的宾语，介词在后

a.Thisisthehouse(that/which)hewasbornin.

b.Theperson(that/who/whom)youshouldwritetoisMrBall.

c.Theman(that/who/whom)youtalkedwithisourEnglishteacher.

4.whose引导的定语从句

a.IknowaladywhosehusbandisaNobelPrizewinner.

b.Thechildwhosemotherdiedinthefireisnowanengineerinour

company.

c.Heislivinginahousewhosewindowsarepaintedwhite.

三.应留意的问题：

1.指物时，关系代词只用that而不用which的状况：

①.先行词被最高级或theonly,thevery,thesame等修饰时

a.ThisisthebestplaythatwaswrittenbyJack.

b.HeistheonlypersonthatIcantrust.

②.先行词被序数词或thelast等词修饰时

a.Thisisthefirstcarthatarrivedthismorning.

③.先行词为all,everything,nothing,something,anything等不定代词

时或被不定代词all,any,no等修饰时

a.Allthepeoplethatcomefromthecountryworkmuchharder.

b.ThisisallthatIcantellyou.

④.人+动物或事物共同作为先行词时

a.MyfatherandMrBrowntalkedofthingsandpersonsthatthey

rememberedforaboutanhour.

⑤•句中又有Which作为疑问词出现时

a.WhichisthetrainthatgoestoBeijing?

2.关系代词who,which,that在定语从句中作主语时，要留意定语从句

中的主谓相同问题.因为who/that/which指代先行词，所以定语从句的

谓语与先行词保持相同即可

a.Icametogetthebookthatwasleftintheclassroom.

b.Icametogetthebooksthatwereleftintheclassroom.

关系副词引导的定语从句

一.关系副词的用法：when在定语从句中作地点状语；where在定语从

句中作地点状语;why在定语从句中作缘由状语

二.例如:

a.HewaswellatthetimewhenIsawhim.

b.Letsmeetattheplacewherewemetyesterday.

c.ThisisthereasonwhyIaminfavorofthesinger.

三.应留意的问题：

1.在某些表示时间的名词后的关系副词可省略，这样的名词如：the

time,everytime,eachtime,themoment,theminute,thesecond等(也有语

法家认为是这些名词干脆引导了时间状语从句)

a.Bythetime(when)hewasfourteenyearsoldhehadlearnedmuch

English.

介词+关系代词引导的定语从句

一.说明：关系代词在定语从句中作介词的宾语时，介词可以位于关系

代词之前，从而构成介词+关系代词引导的定语从句

二.这种定语从句中关系代词的用法：在这种定语从句中，关系代词只

能用whom（指人）和which（指事物），而不能运用that/who

三例如：

a.Thisisthehouseinwhichhewasborn.

b.ThepersontowhomyoushouldwriteisMrBall.

c.ThemanwithwhomyoutalkedisourEnglishteacher.

d.Thegentleman,withwhosedaughterIworked,lookeddownupon

woman.

四.应留意的问题：

1.关系代词前的介词可以是单个介词，也可以是短语介词或类似短语

介词的词组

a.Thisisthehouseinwhichhewasborn.

b.Atfiveoclockwereachedthehouse,infrontofwhichthereisabig

tree.

c.Atfiveoclockwereachedthemountain,atthefootofwhichliesome

farmhouses.

2.依据表达的须要，介词之前还可以有其他词，从而构成名词或代词+

介词+关系代词引导的定语从句

a.Iusedtoliveinasmallroom,thewindowofwhichfacesthestreet.

b.Atthegatestoodagroupofstudents,someofwhomaregirls.

3.介词假设为短语动词中的介词，那么不行将介词拆开放在关系代词

之前

a.Thisisthemagazinewhichyouarelookingfor.（for不能放在which之

前)

b.ThechildwhomAuntLitakescareofisill.(of不能放在whom之前)

4.关系副词when/where/why常可与介词+关系代词互换

a.DoyourememberthedayswhenwewereinBeijing?(=inwhichwe

wereinBeijing)

b.Doyouremembertheparkwhereweonceplayedforawhole

day?(=inwhichweonceplayedforawholeday)

c.Thisisthereasonwhyhewasabsentyesterday.(=forwhichhewas

absent)

限定性与非限定性定语从句

一.两者的区分：见下表

形式

作用

译法

限定性定语从句

无逗号与主句分开

修饰限定作用，即不行缺少的定语

其译文常位于先行词之前，并表达的

非限定性定语从句

有逗号与主句分开

附加、补充说明的作用，假设缺少它，句意照旧完整

常将其译成一个和主句并列的分句

二.关系词的用法：非限定性定语从句不能用that引导，并且关系词在

任何状况下都不能省略，除此之外，在关系词的运用上，非限定性定语从

句与限定性定语从句完全一样

三例如：

a.Mybook,whichisveryold,isonthetable.

b.PresidentKennedy,whohadheardofKingbefore,wasinterestedto

meethim.

c.Hisfather,whoisworkinginBeijing,isanengineer.

d.Thehouse,wherehewasborn,hasbeendestroyedintheearthquake.

e.Mr.Smith,withwhomyoujusttalked,isourEnglishteacher.

f.Thegentleman,withwhosedaughterIworked,lookeddownupon

woman.

四.应留意的问题：

l.as/which都可以引导一个非限定性定语从句,as/which是关系代词,

指代主句中所提到的某种状况，它们的不同点是：

①.as引导的这种定语从句位置比拟灵敏，可位于句首，句中，句尾;

但which引导的这种定语从句只能位于主句之后

②.as还带有正如，正象之意，而which不含此意

a.Theearthislikeaball,aseveryoneknows.

b.Aseveryoneknows,theearthislikeaball.

c.TheysaidtheywereFrench,whichwasnttrue.

常见问题

一.定语从句复原法：试题中有很多有关定语从句的，这类题往往需选

择引导词局部.做好这类题的关键首先是要有这样的观念：定语从句应有

完整而合理的句子成分.基于这一点，我们可以用复原法来检验定语从句

是否正确，即把定语从句复原成为一个简洁句.具体做法是：

①.第一步：替换.将关系代词干脆替换成先行词，假如是关系副词,

先替换成介词+关系代词，再将关系代词替换成先行词

②.其次步：调整，即调整语序，看能否构成一个合理的简洁句

例如，复原以下例句a中的定语从句的过程是：先将that/which替换

成先行词thepark,再调整语序，就能得到一个合理的简洁句：Wevisited

theparklastyear.再如，复原以下例句b中的定语从句的过程是：先将

where替换成inwhich,再将which替换成先行词thepark,再调整语序，就

得到一个合理的简洁句：Weonceplayedforawholedayinthepark.

a.Doyouremembertheparkthat/whichwevisitedlastyear?

b.Doyouremembertheparkwhereweonceplayedforawholeday?

c.Doyoustillrememberthedaysthat/whichwespenttogether?

d.Doyoustillrememberthedayswhenweweretogether?

二.分隔定语从句：定语从句一般紧跟在先行词之后，但有时也被分隔

开来，在阅读时要留意依据定语从句所表达的意思来辨别先行词是什么

a.Iwastheonlypersonintheofficewhowasinvited.

b.HewastheonlyoneofthestudentswhopassedtheGRE.

0.as引导的这种定语从句位置比拟灵敏，可位于句首，句中，句尾;

但which引导的这种定语从句只能位于主句之后

②.as还带有正如，正象之意，而