新标准大学英语综合教程3课后练习答案-Unit-4

Unit4Reading1Languagepoints1WorkincorporateAmerica(Title)CorporateAmericaisageneraltermgiventoalargenon-government-ownedorganizationorcompanyintheUnitedStates,egabank,amarketingresearchcompanyetc.Ithasbothpositiveandnegativeconnotations.Positively,itmeansthatacompanyoranorganizationproduceswealthandimprovespeople’slivingstandardsinafreemarketandcompetitivesocietybypeopleworkingtogethertoachievethegoals.Thismainlyreferstofinancialgainsandsuccess.Negatively,itseemstoindicatethepromotionofself-interest,financialgains,greedandirresponsibilityintheworkplace.2Itisnotsurprisingthatmodernchildrentendtolookblankanddispiritedwhen...(Para1)Tolookblankmeansthatmodernchildrenshownosignofunderstandingoremotionaboutthecorporateworkplace,theyseemunresponsiveandhaveblanklooks.Someonewhoisdispiriteddoesnothavethehope,enthusiasmorinterestthattheyhadearlier;theyareinlowspiritsordownhearted.3Theparentcouldtakehisoffspringtohisplaceofbusinessandlethimwatchwhileherepairedabuggyorbuiltatable.(Para2)Abuggyisavehicleusedforbabiesandtoddlersbycarers(parents,grandparentsandadultsincaringprofessions),topushthemaround.Itisalsocalledapushchair.IntheUS,itiscalledastroller.4Whenachildasked…hisfathercouldanswerintermsthatachildcouldcometogripswith,suchas“Ifixsteamengines”or“Imakehorsecollars”.(Para3)Theexpressioncometogripswithnormallymeanstofaceuptoaproblem,situationordifficultjobanddealwithit.Here,itmeansthatsomeonegetstounderstandsomethingthatisdifficultorunpleasant.Ithasthesimilarmeaningastocometotermswith,tackle,handle,manageetc.Horsecollarsaremadeofleatherandfitaroundanimals’neckstoallowthemtopullheavythings.Whenhorsesareusedtopullcartsorcarriagestheywearhorsecollars.Here,incorporateAmerica,thisisadeliberateimageofsomethingveryold-fashioned,justlikesteamengines.5Howcanhepossiblyenvisionanyoneanalyzingasystemorresearchingamarket?(Para5)Thewordenvisionisaverbwhichmeanstoshowavisualsceneinyourmind,toimaginesomethingthatisoutsideyourexperience,whichhasnothappenedordoesnotexist.2relatingtolargecompanies,oraparticularlargecompany(corporate)3tonotapproveofsomeoneorsomething(disapprove)4toformapictureofsomeoneorsomethinginyourmind(visualize)5anagreementinwhichyouriskanamountofmoneybysayingwhatyouthinkwillhappen(bet)6tofindoutsomething(ascertain)7thespaceattheleftorrightsideofapagewherewordsarenotusuallyprintedorwritten(margin)8todiscusssomethingwithotherpeopleinordertoreachadecision(confer)9important,respected,andadmired(eminent)10totwistyourfaceintoanexpressionthatshowsyouareangry(scowl)5CompletethesentenceswiththecorrectformofthewordsinActivity4.1It’snoteasytovisualizewhatlifewaslikeintheageofthesteamengine.2Ifyoudisapproveoftheseplans,youshouldletmeknowexactlywhatyoufindwrongwiththem.3Thomas’roomisfullofjunklikebrokenelectricalequipmentandoldcomputerpartshedoesn’tneed.4Mybetisthatthistypeofjobwon’tgiveyoumuchsatisfaction.5We’regoingtoneedsometimetoconferwithourlawyersbeforewemakeadecision.6Themarginsofthepagesinthisdocumenthaveallbeenwrittenon.7Wecan’tacceptyourapplication,withoutascertainingtheauthenticityofyourqualifications.8Itwasacorporatedecisiontoclosethebank,notthechoiceofanyindividual.9She’saveryniceperson,andaveryeminentprofessor.10Whyishescowlingatme?WhathaveIdone?6Replacetheunderlinedwordswiththecorrectformofthefollowingwords.Youmayneedtomakeotherchanges.1Acuriouschildisofteneagertoinquireaboutthejobstheirparentsdo.(inquisitive)Aninquisitivechildisofteneagertoinquireaboutthejobstheirparentsdo.2Mostpeoplethinkthedecisiontheytookisimpossibletounderstand.(incomprehensible)3Couldyouwritedownanyideasyouhaveduringthemeetingonthispieceofpaper?(jot)4Youareverycarefulaboutnoticingdetailsifyoucanrememberexactlywhatthemanagerwaswearing.(observant)5I’mafraidwedon’tknowtheplacewhereHelenisrightnow.(whereabouts)I’mafraidwedon’tknowthewhereaboutsofHelen.6Don’tbeunhappyandlackinginenthusiasm.I’msureoneoftheapplicationswillbesuccessful.(dispirited)7I’dliketobuyanopentopcar,butthey’reallsoterriblyexpensive.(prohibitively)7Answerthequestionsabouttheexpressions.1Ifyoulookblankaboutsomething,doyou(a)understand,or(b)notunderstandit?2Ifyoucometogripswithaproblem,doyou(a)starttodealwithit,or(b)stopthinkingaboutit?3Whensomethingfallsapart,isit(a)inthewrongplace,or(b)broken?4Whensomethingwearsout,doesit(a)notlookverynice,or(b)becomeoldandunusable?5Ifyoumulloveraproblem,doyou(a)thinkcarefullyaboutitforalongtime,or(b)quicklysolveit?6Dopeoplesometimessay“Itbeatsme”becausethey(a)understand,or(b)don’tunderstandsomething?Activereading(2)Languagepoints1There’snothingnewaboutourobsessionwiththenew,saysDominicSandbrook.(Introduction)Obsessionisanemotionalstateinwhichsomeoneorsomethingissoimportantthatyouarealwaysthinkingaboutthem,inawaythatseemsextremetootherpeople.2Weliveinaworldofunprecedented,dazzlingchange.(Para1)Thewordunprecedentedmeansneverhavinghappenedorexistedbefore,eganunprecedentedsituation,anunprecedentedchange.3Thankstoglobalization,nationalfrontiersarecollapsingaroundus,whiletechnologicalinnovationsarefundamentallyreshapingourlivesinwayswecanbarelycomprehend.(Para1)Becauseofthesituationofglobalization–thatthewholeworldisdevelopingasinglecomplexeconomy,communicationsystemandculture–itseemsthattherearenonationalbordersandnewtechnologiesareinfluencingourlivesinbasicwayswhichwecannotreallyunderstand.4Soruntheclichés,anyway.(Para2)Aclichéreferstoaphraseorideathatisboringbecausepeopleuseitalot,anditisnolongeroriginalandsoundsempty.Theexpressionsoruntheclichésmeansthesearetheclichésyouoftenhear.5Butitisonlyourobsessionwithnovelty,ignoranceofdeeperhistoricalpatternsandarrogantinsistenceonourownimportancethatleadsusintothiskindoftalk.(Para2)Historicalpatternsrefertomajoreventsinhistorywhichmakepatternsbecausetheyarerelatedtoeachotherorsimilar.6Yetthereisagoodcasethatwedonot,infact,liveinveryinterestingtimesatall.(Para2)Acasehereisasetoffactsorargumentsthatyoucanstatefororagainstsomething.Acaseforsomethingispositivesupportoragoodcase;acaseagainstsomethingisacounter-argumentorreasonswhythecaseisnotvalid;apoorcaseisweakanddoesnothavesolidfactsorreasonsbehindit.Youcanstate,makeorargueacase.7Taketheexampleofglobalization,which,accordingtoitsAmericanchampion,ThomasFriedman...influencing“thepolitics,environment,geopoliticsandeconomicsofvirtuallyeverycountryintheworld”.(Para3)Thewordchampionherereferstosomeonewhopubliclysupportsordefendsasetofbeliefsorpoliticalaims,ieastrongsupporter.Geopoliticsmeansthestudyofhowacountry’sposition,economyorpopulationcaninfluenceitspolitics,especiallyinrelationtoothercountries.8TheRomanEmpire,forexample,isnothingifnotamulti-ethnic,multicultural,transnationalentity…(Para4)Thewordtransnationalmeansaffectingorinvolvingseveralcountries.Theprefixtrans-meansacross.9AndforallthehypeabouttheInternet,thebrutaltruthisthatmostofususeittodoremarkablyold-fashionedthings...(Para6)Hypereferstotheuseofalotofadvertisementsorotherpublicitytoinfluenceorinterestpeople.Tohypeupmeanstomakesomethingsoundmoreinterestingorimpressivethanitis.Thebrutaltruthreferstothetruththatisextremelyhonest,giveninawaythatseemsunkind.10WearealwaysbeingtoldthattheInternethas“openedup”theworld,yetastaggering90percentofallwebtrafficislocal.(Para6)Thewordstaggeringmeansextremelysurprising.Manypeoplewouldthinkthatmuchormostuse,ortraffic,oftheWorldWideWebwouldbeglobalorinternational,butthewritersaysthat,surprisingly,90percentislocal.11WhenStanleyKubrick’sfilm2001:ASpaceOdyssey…talkingtosentientcomputersandlivingontheMoon.(Para7)Sentientcomputersarecomputerswhicharecapableoffeelingthingsthroughthephysicalsenses.12Butthecinema-goersof1968wouldhavebeendeeplydisappointedtorealizethatinfacttheywouldbelivinginMiltonKeynesandwatchingMidsomerMurders.(Para7)Thissentencepresentsacontrastwiththeprevioussentencewhichgaveapicturethatpeoplehadin1968ofpossiblygoingintospace.Instead,theirfutureturnedouttobelivinginaveryordinarytownofmanynewstreetswhichallseemidentical(likeMiltonKeynes)andwatchingdetectivestoriesaboutruralvillagesonTV(likeMidsomerMurders,aTVseriesbasedinruralsouthernEngland).13Evenourneophiliaisnothingnew.(Para8)Theprefixneo-meansmodernornew.Thesuffix-philedescribessomeonewholovesorlikessomething;thusananglophilelikesEnglishthings,afrancophilelikesFrenchthings,asinophilelikesChinesethings.Thewordneophiliameanstheloveofnewthingsornovelties.14Ifso,thenwearelucky,becausewedon’t.(Para10)Weareluckybecausewedon’tliveininterestingtimes,whichmeansweshouldavoidthechaosandanxietyofinterestingtimes.Dealingwithunfamiliarwords5Matchthewordsintheboxwiththeirdefinitions.1anemotionalstateinwhichsomeoneorsomethingissoimportanttoyouthatyouarealwaysthinkingaboutthem(obsession)2thestudyofthewaythatgoodsandservicesareproducedandsoldandthewaymoneyismanaged(economics)3toproudlytellotherpeopleaboutwhatyouhavedoneorcando,oraboutsomethingyouown(boast)4acar(automobile)5anareaortownnearalargecitybutawayfromitscentre,wheretherearemanyhouses,especiallyformiddle-classpeople(suburb)6anewidea,method,pieceofequipmentetc(innovation)7somethingthatyousuggestistrue,althoughyoudonotsayitdirectly(implication)8thelimitsofyourexperience(horizons)6CompletethesentenceswiththecorrectformofthewordsinActivity5.1Themiddle-classdreamusedtobetoliveinapeacefulsuburbandownanewautomobile.2Todaywehaveanobsessionwithhealthylifestylesandthelatesttechnologicalinnovations.3Hehasgoodreasontoboastabouttheprogresshehasmadeinhiscareer.4Theimplicationisobvious:Wearebeginningtounderstandtheimpactofglobalization.5Mostofusneedaprofessorofeconomicstoexplainhowourhorizonshavebeenpushedbackbytheopeningupofnewworldmarkets.7Replacetheunderlinedwordswiththecorrectformofthewordsinthebox.Youmayneedtomakeotherchanges.1Thewaterhasrisentolevelswhichwehaveneverseenbefore.(unprecedented)Thewaterhasrisentounprecedentedlevels.2CanyougivemeanyreasonwhichIcanbelievetoexplainwhathashappened?(plausible)Canyougivemeanyplausiblereasontoexplainwhathashappened?3Ithinkthatthedecisionwasbasedonthefactthathedoesn’tknowanything.(ignorance)Ithinkthatthedecisionwasbasedonhisignorance.4Thenewsyou’vejustgivenmeisabsolutelyincredible.(staggering)5Ihopethiscrisiswillbefollowedbyaperiodinwhichthereisnochange.(stability)6Arecomputersthebestthingthateverhappenedtous,orapieceofbadluckcausedbysomeonewhowantstohurtus?(curse)8Answerthequestionsaboutthewordsandexpressions.1Ifachangeisdazzling,isit(a)veryimpressive,or(b)notimpressiveatall?2Ifyouuseclichésinyourwriting,doesyourwriting(a)containsomeboringwordsorideasthatpeoplehaveusedalot,or(b)containlotsoffreshthoughts?3Ifsomeoneisarrogant,dotheythinkthatthey(a)never,or(b)alwaysknowbetterthaneveryoneelse?4Isanentitysomethingthat(a)has,or(b)doesn’thaveinternalunity?5Ifyoubehaveinabrutalway,areyou(a)verygentle,or(b)veryviolent?6Dopeoplewhoalwaysgrumbleneverseem(a)happy,or(b)unhappyaboutanything?7Ifyoubragaboutsomething,doyoutalk(a)inaproudwaythatannoyspeople,or(b)patientlybecauseitishardtounderstand?8Istheadventofsomethinganotherwayoftalkingabout(a)theappearance,or(b)thedisappearanceofsomething?9Ifyourefertothemagnitudeofaproblem,doyouthinkthatitmightbe(a)big,or(b)small?10Ifsomethinghappensinthewakeofsomethingelse,doesit(a)comebeforeit,or(b)followit?Languageinuseinsuchaway/fashionthat…1Rewritethesentencesusinginsuchaway/fashionthat…1Becauseofthewaythisofficeisbuilt,itisdifficulttoavoidwastingenergyonheating.Thisofficeisbuiltinsuchawaythatitisdifficulttoavoidwastingenergyonheating.2Duetothewayinwhichtheinstructionswerewritten,Icouldn’tunderstandhowtoassembletheproduct.TheinstructionswerewritteninsuchafashionthatIcouldn’tunderstandhowtoassembletheproduct.3Becauseofthewayinwhichtheywelcomedme,Iimmediatelyfeltathomeinthenewoffice.TheywelcomedmeinsuchawaythatIimmediatelyfeltathomeinthenewoffice.4Duetothewayinwhichproblemsaredealtwith,itisunlikelythatthetopmanagersevergettoknowaboutthem.Theproblemsaredealtwithinsuchafashionthatitisunlikelythatthetopmanagersevergettoknowaboutthem.5BecauseofthewayinwhichIwastaughtEnglish,Iwillprobablyneverforgetit.IwastaughtEnglishinsuchawaythatIwillprobablyneverforgetit.wordformation:in-,un-,dis-2LookatthesentencesfromthepassageWorkincorporateAmericaandanswerthequestion.Whatdotheprefixesin-,un-anddis-haveincommon?Theyareallnegativeprefixesmeaningnot.3Replacetheunderlinedwordswiththewordinbracketsandtheappropriateprefix.Youmayneedtomakeotherchanges.1I’mafraidMatthewhasturnedouttobenogoodathisjob.(competent)I’mafraidMatthewhasturnedouttobeincompetentathisjob.2Idon’thavethesameopinionasyou.Ithinkhe’sdoingfine.(agree)Idisagreewithyou.Ithinkhe’sdoingfine.3Ifyouclickhere,youcancancelthelastchangeyoumadetothedocument.(do)Ifyouclickhere,youcanundothelastchangeyoumadetothedocument.4Howmanypeoplearewithoutajobinthistown?(employed)Howmanypeopleareunemployedinthistown?5Ididn’tknowthatyouhadintroducedallthesenewrules.(aware)Iwasunawarethatyouhadintroducedallthesenewrules.6Obviously,itwasn’tourintentionnottoobeytheorders.(obey)Obviously,itwasn’tourintentiontodisobeytheorders.7I’vehadalookatthereportandIthinkitisnotcomplete.(complete)I’vehadalookatthereportandIthinkitisincomplete.8Idon’tknowmycolleaguesverywell,butIdon’thaveanybadfeelingstowardsthem.(like)Idon’tknowmycolleaguesverywell,butIdon’tdislikethem.9I’mafraidthatsoftwareisnotcompatiblewithoursystem.(compatible)I’mafraidthatsoftwareisincompatiblewithoursystem.forall+nounphrase4Rewritethesentencesusingforall+nounphrase.1Althoughweareconcernedabouttheenvironment,thereislittlethatwecandotoprotectit.Forallourconcernabouttheenvironment,thereislittlethatwecandotoprotectit.2Hehasalotofknowledgeabouttheworldoffinance,buthedoesn’tseemtoknowhowtoinvestmoneywisely.Forallhisknowledgeabouttheworldoffinance,hedoesn’tseemtoknowhowtoinvestmoneywisely.3Althoughshesaidalotofkindwords,Idon’tthinkshereallyappreciatedjusthowmuchtimewehadspentonthisproject.Forallherkindwords,Idon’tthinkshereallyappreciatedjusthowmuchtimewehadspentonthisproject.4Hehashundredsofbrightideasaboutdevelopingnewproducts,butheneverseemsabletoputthemdownonpaper.Forallhisbrightideasaboutdevelopingnewproducts,heneverseemsabletoputthemdownonpaper.5Idohavealotofdoubtsaboutthisnewsoftware,butIrecognizethatitisquiteinnovative.Forallmydoubtsaboutthisnewsoftware,Irecognizethatitisquiteinnovative.as+adj.…as5Rewritethesentencesusingas+adj.…as.1Iamconfusedabouthowtoapplyforthejob.Similarly,theyareconfusedaboutwhocanapply.Iamasconfusedabouthowtoapplyforthejobastheyareaboutwhocanapply.2MywifeandIwereworriedaboutstayinglongerthanweweresupposedto.Similarly,ourhostswereworriedthatwemightnothaveenjoyedthemeal.MywifeandIwereasworriedaboutstayinglongerasourhostswerethatwemightnothaveenjoyedthemeal.3Ourgenerationknowslittleaboutcassetterecordersandrecordplayers.SimilarlyourparentsknowlittleaboutiPodsandMP3players.OurgenerationknowsaslittleaboutcassetterecordersandrecordplayersasourparentsknowaboutiPodsandMP3players.4Wearecuriousaboutwhathedoesforaliving.Similarly,heiscuriousaboutwhatourcompanydoes.Weareascuriousaboutwhathedoesforalivingasheisaboutwhatourcompanydoes.5Ihaveverylittleideaabouthowtoshoeahorse.Similarly,hedoesn’thavemuchideaabouthowtorepairamotorbike.Ihaveaslittleideaabouthowtoshoeahorseashehasabouthowtorepairamotorbike.collocations6Readtheexplanationsofthewords.Answerthequestions.1marginThiswordusuallymeansthespaceatthesideofapagewhereyoudon’twriteanything.(a)Doyouhaveahabitofjottingnotesinthemarginwhenreadingbooks?Yes,Ido.Butotherpeoplejusttakenotesonaseparatepieceofpaperbecausetheydon’twanttospoilthebook.(b)Ifyouwinanelectionbyanarrowmargin,howbigisthevictory?Thevictoryisnotbig;itisjustanarroworclosevictory.(c)Whatsortofproblemsarefacedbypeoplewholiveonthemarginsofsociety?Theymayfacesocialandeconomicproblemsbecausetheyhavefeweropportunitiesandmayfinditdifficulttojointhemainstreamsociety.(d)Ifthemarginoferrorinacalculationisverysmall,whatarethechancesthatthecalculationiswrong?Thechancesaresmallandanyerrorsarelikelytobeverysmall.2ignoranceThiswordusuallymeanslackofknowledgeorfactsaboutsomething.(a)Ifananswerthatyougivebetraysyourignorance,howdoyoufeel?Youfeelembarrassedbecauseyouranswerhasshownpeopleyourignoranceandmostpeopledonotliketoshowthisinpublic.(b)Doyouthinkthatignoranceofthelawcaneverbeanexcuseforbreakingit?It’sahumanexcusebecauseitmeansthatyoudidn’tknowthelawonthatpoint,butitisnotalegalexcuse.(c)Doyouknowofanydecisionsthathavebeentakenbutwhichwerebasedonignorance?Yes.IntheearlydaysofthestockmarketinChina,somepeopleboughtsharesinthebeliefthatallshareswouldmakemoneyquickly,butlatertheylostmoneywhentheshareslostvalue.Theyboughtthesharesinignoranceabouthowthemarketworksandtheyhadlittleideaoftherisks.3sheerThiswordisusuallyusedforemphasizingtheamountordegreeofsomething.(a)Ifsomebodytellsyouthatyourcompanyissheerdelight,howwouldyoufeel?Iwouldfeelcomplimentedbecausethat’sanicethingtosaytoanyone.(b)Ifyouwereovercomebysheerweightofnumbers,wasitthequa