问路和指路及There be句型

学习好资料欢迎下载学习好资料欢迎下载学习好资料欢迎下载a/an/the的用法Name_____________No._______一、a/an的用法英语中表示“一个（块，片，只，本，杯......）”应用不定冠词"a/an"来表达。an[An]用于以元音开头的字母或可数单数名词（可单名）前,a[[]用于以辅音开头的字母或可数单数名词（可单名）前。例如：abook[bUk]一本书，anapple[5Apl]一个苹果1、一个a/e/i/o用an,一个以a/e/i/o开头的单词前也常用an.ana,ane,ani,ano2、一个u用a，一个以u开头的单词前用a/an均可。当“u”发[ju:]时，用a,当“u”发[Q]时，用an.au,anuncle,aUFO3、一个"h"用an,一个以h开头的单词前用a/an均可。当h不发音时，用an;当“h”发[h]时，用a。anh,anhour[5aU[],ahat4、一个"f/l/m/n/s/x/r"用an,一个以f/l/m/n/s/x/r开头的单词前用a。5、一个"b/c/d/j/k/p/q/t/v/w/y/z"用a；一个以"b/c/d/g/j/k/p/q/t/v/w/y/z"开头的单词前常用a。二、the的用法the可以修饰不可数名词，单数可数名词，复数名词,但是不可以单独用。the+可数单数名词=this/that+可数单数名词,the+复数名词=these/those+复数名词1、用于世界上独一无二的十五前。theUSAtheUNtheUK2、用于介词短语中。onthetableinthebackpack3、当名词作主语时，其前常用the.Thepenisonthetable.4、一个可数单数名词第一次出现用a/an,再次出现用the;一个复名词第一次出现用some,再次出现用the.Thisisapen.Thepenisnice.Thesearesomepens.Thepensarenice.5、一般在一般疑问句中常用a/an,在特殊疑问句中常用the。Isthisapen?Whereisthepen?Whatcoloristhepen?Whoistheboy?6、如果在一个可单名前可以用“一个......”来修饰，则用a/an,如果用这/那来修饰则用the。Thereisapenonthedesk.Theboyinthepictureismybrother.介词及介词短语一、介词①在......上on ②在......里in ③在......下under④在......后behind ⑤在......旁边nextto/beside⑥在......与......之间between...and... ⑦在......(之外)的前面infrontof=before,⑧在......(之内)的前部inthefrontof,⑨在......中间inthemiddle/centerof,⑩在......左边/右边ontheleft/rightof,(11)在某人的左边/右边onone'sleft/right=ontheleft/rightofsb(12)在.....的对面acrossfrom=ontheothersideof二、介词短语。在沙发上onthesofa 在梳妆台后behindthedresser在餐桌下underthetable在桌子与椅子之间 betweenthetableandthechair在抽屉里inthedrawer 在沙发旁边nexttothesofa在我的双肩背包里inmybackpack 在地板上onthefloor在卧室里inthebedroom 在床的旁边nexttothebed在沙发后behindthesofa在书柜和卧室之间betweenthebookcaseandthebedroom在餐桌旁边nexttothetable 在桌子下面underthetable在沙发上onthesofa 在梳妆台上onthedresser在双肩背包里inthebackpack 在梳妆台里inthedresser在桌子上onthetable 在树上（长在树上）onthetree在树上(不是树上长的)inthetree 在画里inthepicture在墙上（表面）onthewall 在墙里(里面)inthewall三、常用的句型主语+be+介词短语. 对介词短语提问用where（一）单数句型 The+单数名词is+介词短语Thepenisonthedesk.→Whereisthepen?One's(形物/名所)+单数名词is+介词短语.形物:my,your,his,her,our,their 名所:Jim's,Anna'sMypenisonthedesk. →Whereisyourpen?This/That+单数名词is+介词短语.This/Thatpenisonthedesk.→Whereisthis/thatpen?He/She/It+is+介词短语.He/She/Itisonthedesk. →Whereishe/she/it?Iam+介词短语.Iamonthedesk.→Whereareyou?（二）复数句型The+复数名词are+介词短语Thepensareonthedesk.→Wherearethepens?One's+复数名词are+介词短语One's(形物/名所)+单数名词is+介词短语.形物:my,your,his,her,our,their 名所:Jim's,Anna'sMypensareonthedesk.→Whereareyourpens?These/Those+复数名词are+介词短语.These/Thosepensareonthedesk.→Wherearethese/thosepens?We/You/Theyare+介词短语.Weareonthedesk.→Whereareyou?Theyareonthedesk.→Wherearethey?Therebe句型基础知识一、基本要点：1、Therebe句型表示：在某地有某物（或人）。2、在therebe句型中,be动词有is,are两个。当主语是可单名时,be动词用is;当主语是复数名词时,be动词用are;当主语时不可数名词时,be动词用is;当主语为并列名词,be动词由第一个名词决定,而与其它的名词无关。Thereisapenandtwobooksonthedesk.Therearetwobooksandapenonthedesk3、therebe句型的否定句在be动词后加not,一般疑问句把be动词调到句首。4、therebe句型与have(has)的区别：therebe表示在某地有某物(或人)；have(has)表示某人拥有某物。5、some和any在therebe句型中的运用：some用于肯定句,any用于否定句或疑问句。6、and和or在therebe句型中的运用：and用于肯定句,or用于否定句或疑问句。7、针对数量提问的特殊疑问句的基本结构是：Howmany+名词复数+arethere+介词短语？Howmuch+不可数名词+isthere+介词短语？8、针对主语提问的特殊疑问句的基本结构是：What's+介词短语？9、对介词短语提问:Whereis/arethe+名词？10、与have/has的区别：在含"有"的句子前加"在"意思不变则用therebe,如意思要变则用have/has,有时可互换。Therearesomebooksinmybag.=Ihavesomebooksinmybag.Ourschoolhas17classes.=Thereare17classesinourschool.二、句型转换：1、当名词为不可数名词时肯定句：Thereissome+u.n+介词短语.否定句：Thereisnotany+u.n+介词短语.一般疑问句：Isthereanyu.n.+介词短语?肯定回答：Yes,thereis.(there不可改)否定回答：No,thereisn't(there不可改)对some提问：Howmuch+u.n.isthere+介词短语?对some+u.n.提问：What's+介词短语?对介词短语提问：Whereisthe+u.n?(将some改为the)2、当名词为可数单数名词时：肯定句：Thereisa/an+可单名+介词短语.否定句：Thereisnota/an+可单名+介词短语.一般疑问句：Istherea/an+可单名+介词短语?肯定回答：Yes,thereis.(there不可改)否定回答：No,thereisn't(there不可改)对a/an提问：Howmany+复名arethere+介词短语?对a/an+可单名提问：What's+介词短语?对介词短语提问：Whereisthe+可单名?(将a/an改为the)3、当名词为复数名词时：肯定句：Thereare+some复名+介词短语.否定句：Therearenotany复名+介词短语.一般疑问句：Arethereany复名+介词短语?肯定回答：Yes,thereare(there不可改)否定回答：No,therearen't(there不可改)对a/an提问：Howmany+复名arethere+介词短语?对a/an+可单名提问：What's+介词短语?对介词短语提问：Wherearethe+复名?(将some改为the)巩固练习：用be动词的正确形式填空。1.There____adesknearthewindow.2.There___somemoneyinthepurse.3.There____anappleonthetree.4.______thereanychildrenintheroom?5._____thereapenandtworulersinyourbag?6.There_____54studentsinourclassroom.7.There_____threewomenandamanoverthere8.There___someapplesonthetree.9.There_____50yuaninEmma'spurse.10.There______shoesunderthebed.问路和指路Askingforandgivingdirections.(一)Askingfordirections(问路)请问，公园在哪里？Excuseme!Howfaristhepark,please? Excuseme!Isthereaparknearhere?Excuseme!Whereisthenearestpark,please? Excuseme!HowcanIgettothepark?Excuseme!Whichisthewaytothepark?Excuseme!Couldyoutell/showmethewaytothepark?Excuseme!Doyouknowthewaytothepark? Excuseme!Canyoufindthewaytothepark?Excuseme!Couldyoutellmewheretheparkis? Excuseme!Couldyoutellmewhichisthewaytothepark?Excuseme!CouldyoutellmehowIcangettothepark? Excuseme!Couldyoutellmehowtogettothepark?Excuseme!Couldyoutellmeifthereisaparknear/aroundhere/intheneighborhood?（二）Givingdirections(指路)1.It'soverthere.It'sonFifthAvenue/CentreStreet./It's+prep.the+名词地点.(It'sacrossfromthesupermarket.)/It'sabout100metresaway./It'sdownBridgeStreetontheleft.2.①Go/Walkalong/down/uptheroad/street.②Gostraightandturnleft./Gostraightalongthestreet./Goupstairsandturnleft.③Crossthebridge.＝Goacrossthebridge.GothroughFifthAvenue.④Takethe+序数词(fifth)+turningontheleft/right.=Turnleft/rightatthe+序数词(fifth)+turning/crossing.⑤Goontotheendoftheroad.=goonuntilyoureachtheendoftheroad.⑥You'llfind/seeitinfrontofyou/onyourleft/right.Youcanfinditeasily.Youcan'tmissit.3.①Thenearestoneisabout...kilometresaway.②You'dbettergotherebybus.=You'dbettertake/catchabustogothere.③Thebusstopisalongtheroadontheright/left.④TheNo.9buswilltakeyourightthere.YouneedaNo.9bustogothere.TakeaNo.9busontherightandgetoffatthefourthstop.4.①I'msorryIdon'tknow.=I'msorryI'venoidea.=I'msorryI'mnotsure.②You'dbetteraskthepolicemanforhelpoverthere.Hemayknow.--Thankyouallthesame.③I'msorryI'mastrangermyself.--Thankyouallthesame.④I'msorry,I'mnewaroundhere.--Thankyouallthesame.附录：1、地点名词。postoffice,library,restaurant,bank,supermarket,payphone,park,market,hotel,school,hospital,airport2、常见的表地点介词：①在......上on,②在......旁边nextto/beside,③在......与......之间between...and....,④在......后behind,⑤在......(之外)的前面infrontof=before,⑥在......(之内)的前部inthefrontof,Teachersstandinfrontofstudentsandinthefrontoftheclassroom.⑦在......中间inthemiddle/centerof,⑧在......左边/右边ontheleft/rightof,⑨在某人的左边/右边onone'sleft/right=ontheleft/rightofsb⑩在.....的对面acrossfrom=ontheothersideof3、介词短语：由介词+the/one's+名词构成或者由介词+专有名词构成。①onCenterStreet,onBridgeStreet,onFifthAvenue②nexttothepostoffice,besidethepark,nexttothebank③betweentheparkandthehotel,betweentheparkandthescho