译林版高中英语选择性必修第三册UNIT3预习新知早知道1学案

Ⅰ．匹配词义A．单词匹配()1．depart A．加强，增强()2．financial B．不足，短缺()3．captain C．装上，装入；负载；承载量； 大量()4．breadth D．证据，证明()5．load E．不予考虑，对……不屑一提；去 除，摒除；解雇；解散()6．strengthen F．宽度；广泛()7．dismiss G．随后的，后来的()8．proof H．船长，机长；上校；队长()9．shortage I．connectedwithmoneyandfinance()10．subsequent J．toleaveaplace，especiallytostart atrip[答案]1—5JIHFC6—10AEDBGB．短语匹配()1．setsailA．有助于()2．onbehalfof B．坚持()3．asfaras C．在远处()4．passon D．不管，不顾()5．beloadedwith E．启航；开船()6．insiston F．远到……()7．inpanic G．代表(或代替)；为了帮助；为了()8．inthedistance H．传递()9．contributeto I．被装满()10．regardlessof J．惊慌；恐慌[答案]1—5EGFHI6—10BJCADⅡ．默写单词1．convincevt． 使确信，使相信；说服，劝说2．logn． 航海日志，正式记录；原木vi．&vt． 伐木3．harmoniousadj． 友好和睦的；协调的，和谐的4．acknowledgevt． 承认(权威、地位)；承认(属实)；(公 开)感谢5．influentialadj． 有很大影响力的，有支配力的6．routen． 路线，路途；途径，渠道7．regardlessadv． 不顾，不加理会8．shoren． 岸，滨9．leakvi． 漏，渗漏；渗入vt． 漏，渗露；泄露n． 漏洞10．insistvi．&vt． 坚决要求，坚持；坚持说Ⅰ．语境填空load；chart；route；acknowledge；breadth；shortage；dismiss；insist；panic；proof1．Anearthquakehitthecapital，causingpanicamongthepopulation．2．Motoristsareadvisedtofindanalternativeroute．3．Weinsistonthehigheststandardsatalltimes．4．Ididnotacknowledgethathehaddoneanythingwrong．5．Theseresultsareafurtherproofofhisoutstandingability．6．HewassoirresponsiblethatIdecidedtodismisshim．7．Thewomencamedownthehillwiththeirloadsoffirewood．8．Sheestimatedthebreadthofthelaketobe500metres．9．Eachcolouronthechartrepresentsadifferentdepartment．10．AshortageoffundsispreventingtheUNfrommonitoringrelief．Ⅱ．语法填空之派生词1．Theexercisesaredesignedtostrengthen(strength)yourstomachmuscles．2．Itisaharmonious(harmony)communitywherepupilsarehappyandindustrious．3．Sheisoneofthemostinfluential(influence)figuresinlocalpolitics．4．Quiteapartfromallthework，hehadfinancial(finance)problems．5．Thereisnoshortage(short)ofthingstodointhetown．6．Akingdom(king)isacountryruledbyakingorqueen．课文助读[1]setsail启航；张帆[2]句子主干是Afleetofover200shipsnavigatedtheblueseas,后跟with复合结构作状语，whichwasasplendidscene是非限制性定语从句，which指前面主句叙述的这种情况或这件事情。[3]本句是and连接的并列句，前面分句的句子主干是Hisshipswereloadedwith．．．；后边分句的主干是thefleetpaidfriendlyvisitsto．．．。[4]far­reachingadj．影响深远的，波及广泛的[5]setfoot进入到某处；踏上[6]句子主干是ZhengHe'seffortshelpeddevelopandstrengthenharmoniousrelations．．．，两个并列的分词短语exposingforeignpeople．．．和allowingtheChinesetobetterunderstand．．．用作状语。[7]句子主干是Thosemustoftenovercomemanychallenges，who引导定语从句修饰those，破折号后面的as从句用于解释说明前面主句。[8]句子主干是Thejourneywasfullofchallenges，冒号后面跟了三个并列的分句来解释说明主句，which引导非限制性定语从句，which指代分句oneoftheshipswasleakingbadly的内容。[9]句子主干是ColumbuscalledthenativesIndians，其中Indians是宾补，livingontheislands动词­ing形式短语作定语修饰thenatives，后面because引导原因状语从句。[10]overthecourseof在……的过程中[11]主干是Hisvoyagesopenedanewchapter,后面的aperiod是同位语，which引导定语从句，修饰aperiod。原文呈现SailingtheoceansZhengHeInthesummerof1405,ZhengHe,oneofChina'sgreatestexplorers,setsail[1]fromTaicangonhisfirstvoyage．Afleetofover200shipsnavigatedtheblueseas,withalmost28，000peopleonboard,whichwasasplendidscene．[2]Itwouldtake500yearsbeforealargerfleetsailedtheseas．Accordingtosomerecords,thelargestshipswereover140metresinlength,demonstratingtheadvancedtechnologyandspecialskillsusedinconstructingships．Between1405and1433,onbehalfoftheMingDynasty,ZhengHemadeatotalofsevenvoyages．Hisshipswereloadedwithchina,silk,teaandothertreasuresasgiftsforforeignrulers,andthefleetpaidfriendlyvisitstomorethan30countriesandregions．[3]HeevensailedasfarastheeastcoastofAfrica．Astheysailed,thenavigatorstookcompassreadings,keptlogsoftheirvoyagesandchartedthecoast．LaterthedetailedmapsbecameZhengHe'sNavigationMap．ZhengHe'ssevenvoyageshadafar­reaching[4]impactonChinaanditsneighbours．InthecountriesandregionswhereZhengHesetfoot[5],legendshavebeenpassedonaboutthisgreatexplorer．ZhengHe'seffortshelpeddevelopandstrengthenharmoniousrelationswiththesecountriesandregions,exposingforeignpeopletoChineseculture,andallowingtheChinesetobetterunderstandoverseaslands．[6]Formanyyears,somehistoriansdismissedtherecordsofthesevoyagesaslegends．ThefinalproofcamewhenanenormousshipyardwasdiscoveredinNanjing,wherethefleethadbeenbuilt．ZhengHe'saccomplishmentsarenowwidelyacknowledged,andheisrememberedasoneofChina'smostinfluentialexplorers．ChristopherColumbusThosewhomakegreatdiscoveriesmustoftenovercomemanychallengesalongtheway—aswasthecasewiththeexplorerChristopherColumbus．[7]ColumbuswasborninaportcityofItalyin1451．Asateenager,helovedsailing,andheshowedgreatinterestingeography,whichinspiredhimtobeginhiscareerasaseaman．ColumbusinsistedonsearchingforadirectsearoutetotheEastIndiesbysailingacrosstheAtlanticOcean．Aftercontinuousattempts,hereceivedfinancialsupportfromtheKingandQueenofSpain．On3August1492,hedepartedfromSpainwiththreeshipscarryingabout90crewmen．Thejourneywasfullofchallenges:ittooklongerthanexpected,theyfacedashortageoffood,andoneoftheshipswasleakingbadly,whichputeveryoneonthisshipingravedanger．[8]Themenonboardwereinpanic．Regardlessofallthechallenges,Columbusmanagedtokeepeveryoneoutofdangerwithhisknowledgeandbraveryacrosstheocean．Finally,on12October,thecrewspottedlandinthedistance．ColumbuscalledthenativeslivingontheislandsIndiansbecausehewasconvincedthathewasintheEastIndies．[9]However,theshorestheyhadreachedwereoftheCaribbean,nottheEastIndies．Between1493and1504,Columbusfoundmorelandoverthecourseof[10]histhreesubsequentvoyages．Themajorcontributionofthisgreatexploreristhathe“discovered”theNewWorld．HisdiscoveryinspiredexplorerssuchasCaptainJamesCooktoexploreanddiscovermorevastareasoftheworld．HisvoyagesopenedanewchapteroftheAgeofExploration,aperiodwhichwitnessedmanyimportantgeographicalfindings．[11]Thisperiodalsoallowedforaninternationalexchangeofideasandcultures．译文参考扬帆远航郑和1405年夏天，中国最伟大的探险家之一郑和从太仓启航，开始了他的第一次航行。一支由200多艘船只组成的船队在蓝色的海上航行，船上有28000人，场面十分壮观。要花500年才能有一支更大的舰队出海航行。根据一些记录可知，船队中最大的船只长度超过140米，显示了建造船只的先进技术和特殊技能。1405年到1433年期间，郑和代表明朝总共进行了七次航行。他的船上装载着瓷器、丝绸、茶叶等珍品，作为馈赠外国统治者的礼物，船队还对30多个国家和地区进行了友好访问。他甚至远航到非洲东海岸。当他们航行时，领航员读取罗盘读数，记录航行日志，绘制海岸图。后来详细的地图成了《郑和航海图》。郑和的