2022年考博英语-中共中央党校考前模拟强化练习题46附答案详解

2022年考博英语-中共中央党校考前模拟强化练习题（附答案详解）1.单选题

Majorexamsarethebaneofmanyastudent'slife.Theyrepresentaone-offchancetoscribblemonthsoryearsoflearningontopaper,andcanmakeorbreakfuturecareerprospects.Thetroubleisthattakinganexamatatimerigidlysetbytheacademiccalendarhasneverbeenanidealwaytodeterminecompetence—theymaycomeattherighttimeforsomeluckystudents,butnotformanyothers.

Perhapsitdoesn'thavetobethatway.Asteachingbeginstomoveonline,wenolongerneedtowaituntiltheendofacoursetoperformassessments.Instead,computersoftwarecanassessunderstandingduringthelearningprocessitselfbyanalyzingastudent'severymouseclickandkeystroke.Socouldwefinallybeabletogetridofthedreadedfinalexam?

Abetteroptionisasystemthatallowsstudentstoadvanceattheirownpacewhentheyhavemasteredthematerial,saysJuliaFreeland,aneducationresearcher.Thisiscalledcompetency-basedlearning,anditrequirestailoringtheeducationalprograminadifferentwayforeachstudent.Thisisclearlysomethingthatteachersinabusyclassroommaystruggletodo.Ifcoursematerialisofferedonline,though,withthestudent'sinputanalyzedautomaticallybycomputersoftware,studentscanbeassessedindividually—eventothepointthatthesoftwarecanidentifywhenagivenstudentislikelytoperformtotheirfullpotentialonanexam.

Competency-basedlearningsoftwareisnowbeingusedbothinhighschoolsandincollegesacrosstheUS,saysFreeland.TheVirtualLearningAcademyCharterSchoolinthestateofNewHampshireisoneprominenthighschoolexample.

Theideabehindthesoftwareisrelativelystraightforward.Ittakesinformationaboutthestudent'sactivityoncoursewebsite—thepagestheyhavevisitedandwhetherthestudenthasverifiedthattheyhavereadapassageoftextorwatchedavideo,forinstance—andcombinesitwithdataonthestudent’sperformanceoninformaltestsandquizzestoestablishinrealtimehowwellthestudentunderstandsaconcept.Whenthatunderstandingreachesapredeterminedlevel,thestudentischallengedwithnewconcepts,orofferedtheopportunitytotakeaformalexam.Sincethisformofcompetency-basedlearningapproachwasintroducedinsomeclassesatArizonaStateUniversity,passrateshavereportedlyincreased.AndPhilipRegier,thedeanoftheuniversity’sonlinearm,saystherearenowplansfordoing“anentiredegreeadaptively”.

Somefirmspushthetechnologyfurther.Theirartificialintelligencesoftwareanalysesthedatacollectedtoconstantlytweakthewayitpresentsnewinformationtotheindividual.Withinafewweeks,claimtheirmakers,thesealgorithmscanevenidentifywhattimeofthedayastudentismostreceptivetolessonsinagivensubject.

1.ItcanbelearnedfromParagraph1that（）.

2.WhichofthefollowingisTRUEabout“competency-basedlearning”?

3.TheVirtualLearningAcademyCharterSchoolismentionedinthepassageto（）.

4.Whatis“theideabehindthesoftware”inParagraph5?

5.Towhichofthefollowingstatementswouldtheauthormostlikelyagree?

问题1选项

A.takingexamsmakesmoststudentsnervousandstressful

B.sometimesmajorexamscandeterminepeople’sfuturecareerprospects

C.takinganexamatatimerigidlysetbytheacademiccalendarisafairwaytodeterminecompetence

D.manystudentspasstheexamsbecauseoftheirgoodluck

问题2选项

A.Itisasystemthatallowsstudentstoimprovetheircompetencyallbythemselves.

B.Itwouldmaketeachersverybusyintheclassroom.

C.Itrequiresstudentstoattendclassonline,andthustheyneednotgotoclassroomanymore.

D.Itrequiresmakingtheeducationalprograminadifferentwayforeachstudent.

问题3选项

A.showthatthecompetency-basedlearningsoftwareisnowbeingusedbothinhighschoolsandincollegesacrosstheUS

B.illustratehowagoodhighschoolperformsincompetency-basedlearningandtesting

C.showhowthecompetency-basedlearningsoftwareisdesignedbyhighschoolsandcollegesacrosstheUS

D.illustratethatthecompetency-basedlearningsoftwareisveryimportantbothinhighschoolsandincollegesacrosstheUS

问题4选项

A.Ittakesinformationaboutthestudent’sactivityoncoursewebsitestohelptoassesshiscompetence.

B.Itmoreemphasizesinformaltestsandquizzestoknowhowwellthestudentunderstandsaconcept.

C.Thestudentwillnotbeofferedtheopportunitytotakeaformalexamunlesshemanagestounderstandalltheconceptsinthetextbook.

D.Teachersmustrequirestudentstoreadtextsandwatchvideosoncoursewebsites.

问题5选项

A.Wemustgetridofthedreadedexamswiththehelpofcomputersoftware.

B.Sincecoursematerialsareofferedonline,teachersneednotcareaboutstudents’performanceintheclassroom.

C.Sincethecompetency-basedlearningapproachwasprovedsuccessfulinsomecases,weshouldtrytoadoptitinmoreschools.

D.Weshouldtrytodevelopnewartificialintelligencesoftwaretocollecttheprivateinformationofteachersandstudents.

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:D

第3题:B

第4题:A

第5题:C

【解析】1.推断题。根据文章第一段，“Theyrepresentaone-offchancetoscribblemonthsoryearsoflearningontopaper,andcanmakeorbreakfuturecareerprospects.”，可知大考代表着一个一次性机会，将几个月或者几年学到的知识草草地写到纸上，可能会毁掉或者成就一个人未来的职业前景。可推断出一些考试确实能决定一个人的职业前景。选项B符合题意。

2.细节理解题。根据文章第三段，“Thisiscalledcompetency-basedlearning,anditrequirestailoringtheeducationalprograminadifferentwayforeachstudent.”，可知这种能力本位学习要求为每个学生定制不同的教育计划。选项D符合题意。

3.推断题。根据文章第五段，“theVirtualLearningAcademyCharterSchoolinthestateofNewHampshireisoneprominenthighschoolexample.”，可知在基于能力的学习软件的应用方面，虚拟学习学院特许学校是一个突出的高中学校例子，可推断出举这个例子主要是为了描述以能力为基础的学习和测试在好的高中学校的表现。选项B符合题意。

4.推断题。根据文章第五段第二句，“Ittakesinformationaboutthestudent'sactivityoncoursewebsite—thepagestheyhavevisitedandwhetherthestudenthasverifiedthat…toestablishinrealtimehowwellthestudentunderstandsaconcept.”，她获取学生在课程网站上的活动信息，他们访问过的页面等，实时确定学生对概念的理解程度。可推断出这个软件是通过学生的活动信息来判断他们的能力。选项A符合题意。

5.作者态度题。根据文章第五段倒数第二句，“Sincethisformofcompetency-basedlearningapproachwasintroducedinsomeclassesatArizonaStateUniversity,passrateshavereportedlyincreased.”，可知自从这种基于能力的学习方法引入到亚利桑那州立大学的一些课程中，通过率提升了。所以可推断出作者会赞同这种基于能力的学习方式应该得到更多学校的采用。学习C符合题意。

2.单选题

Astheworld'spoliticalandbusinesselitesgatherinDavos,thedominanteconomicandpoliticaltrendisclear.IntheaftermathoftheGreatRecession,thedivergentfortunesofthewesternandAsianpowershavebecomeanoverarchingtheme.Thereallybigquestion,however,iswhetherthisisjustacyclicalblip,orthestartofatrulyhistoriclong-termtrend.

BothviewpointswillhavetheirsupportersinDavos.ThosewhopredictthecontinuingdominanceofthewesternworldwillarguethattheUSeconomyisalreadybeginningtorecoverandthatithasconsistentlysurprisedskepticswithitstechnologicalprowessandeconomicresilience.

AsforEurope,somebelievethattheeurozonecrisishasalreadypeaked.Theyarguethatmarketconfidenceisreturning,thattheGermaneconomy—thecoreoftheeurozoneisinrudehealthandthattheEuropeanUnionisbeginningtoputinplacethereformsthatwillmakeEUmoreresilientandunifiedinfuture.

Optimismaboutwesternstrengthisoftencombinedwithcertainskepticismaboutthe"Asianmiracle".TherewillbevoicesinDavoswarningaboutrisinginflationinChinaandaboutthelong-termriskstoChinaposedbyenvironmentaldegradation,andanageingsociety.SessionsonIndiawillhearcautionsabouteverythingfromcorruptiontowatershortageandarmedrebellionsinthecountryside.

Ingeneral,however,optimismaboutAsiaandpessimismaboutthewestislikelytobetheprevailingmood.EventhoughtheUSeconomyisnowgrowing,anapparentbudgetdeficitandarisingnational'debtpresentapictureofbotheconomicandpoliticalweakness.Similarly,thethreatofsovereign-debtcrisescontinuestohoverovertheEU—anditspoliticalresponsehassofarbeenanythingbutconvincing.

Theconventionalwisdomisthataprofoundshiftofeconomicandpoliticalpowerfromwesttoeastisindeedunderway.Thenextquestioniswhetherthetransitionwillbesmoothorturbulent.

Onceagain,bothsidesoftheargumentwillbeaired.Theoptimistswillarguethattheworldisalreadymovingtowardsanewphaseinthestoryofglobalization.TheybelievethatUSangeraboutallegedChinesecurrencymanipulationandmercantilismwillbeblunted,asChinaallowsitscurrencytoappreciateandastheChinesecomermarketbeanstofulfillitspotential.TherelationshipbetweenChinaandtheUSisseenasamicrocosmofthenewrelationshipbetweendevelopedandemergingpowers.Accordingtotheoptimisticscenario,thewesternworldwillabandonanyflirtationwithprotectionism,asitincreasinglyrealizesthatthegrowthmarketsforthewest'slargecompanieslieincountriessuchasChina,IndiaandBrazil.ThecurrentsurgeinEuropeancarsalestoChinacouldbecitedasanencouragingexampleofthistrend.

1.Astheauthordiscussestheissuesinthispassage,hesounds（）.

2.ThethemeoftheDavosEconomicForumwouldbe（）.

3.ItcanbeinferredfromthepassagethattheGermaneconomyis（）.

4.WhichofthefollowingisNOTdiscussedasadragonChina'seconomicgrowthinthepassage?

5.TheChina-USrelationshipwillbeaverychallengingonebecause（）.

问题1选项

A.critical

B.neutral

C.optimistic

D.pessimistic

问题2选项

A.currentproblemsinworld'seconomicrecovery

B.therestructuringofworldeconomyinthepost-crisisera

C.continueddominanceofthewestintheworldeconomy

D.theneedtoaddressthelatestdevelopmentsintheworldeconomy

问题3选项

A.inverygoodshape

B.recoveringgradually

C.experiencingsomeproblems

D.undergoingreforms

问题4选项

A.ageingpopulation

B.highinflation

C.resourceshortages

D.China-USrelations

问题5选项

A.itishardtobalancethedivergentfortunesofthewesternandAsianpowers

B.itembodiesalltheproblemsbetweendevelopedandemergingpowers

C.itispartofthestoryofglobalization

D.theUSisangryaboutChina'seconomicandfinancialpractices

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:B

第3题:A

第4题:D

第5题:A

【解析】1.作者态度题。纵观全文，作者在文章中只是客观地讲述和分析了世界各国的经济与政治情况，作者并没有过多的发表自己的个人看法，所以在讨论文章中的一些问题的时候，应该是中立的态度。选项B符合题意。

2.推断题。根据文章第一段，“Astheworld'spoliticalandbusinesselitesgatherinDavos,thedominanteconomicandpoliticaltrendisclear.IntheaftermathoftheGreatRecession,thedivergentfortunesofthewesternandAsianpowershavebecomeanoverarchingtheme.”，可知随着全球政治和商业精英齐聚达沃斯，占主导地位的经济和政治趋势是明显的。在大萧条之后，西方和亚洲强国的不同命运已成为一个重要的主题。接下来的文章讲述了不同国家的发展情况及整个世界的经济发展态势。可推断出它的主题应该是危机过后世界经济结构的调整。选项B符合题意。

3.推断题。根据文章第三段，“theGermaneconomy—thecoreoftheeurozoneisinrudehealth”，可知作为欧元区核心的德国，经济状况是好的。选项A符合题意。

4.细节理解题。根据文章第四段，“TherewillbevoicesinDavoswarningaboutrisinginflationinChinaandaboutthelong-termriskstoChinaposedbyenvironmentaldegradation,andanageingsociety.”，可知中国不断上升的通胀，以及环境恶化和社会老龄化对中国构成的长期风险。所以中美关系在文中没有提及。选项D符合题意。

5.推断题。根据文章第一段，“IntheaftermathoftheGreatRecession,thedivergentfortunesofthewesternandAsianpowershavebecomeanoverarchingtheme.”，可知在大萧条之后，西方和亚洲强国的不同命运已成为一个重要的主题。即西方和亚洲强国的经济实力存在差异。根据文章最后一段，“TherelationshipbetweenChinaandtheUSisseenasamicrocosmofthenewrelationshipbetweendevelopedandemergingpowers.”，可知中美关系被视为发达国家与新兴大国之间新关系的缩影。即中美之间的关系反映了发达国家与新兴国家之间的财富差距。可推断出中美关系具有挑战性的原因在于很难平衡西方和亚洲强国的发展差距。选项A符合题意。

3.单选题

Hopehelps.Itkeepsusgoinginbleaktimesandamid（）news.Buthopehasmorecredibilitywhenwecanpointtothereasonforit.

问题1选项

A.disheartened

B.disheartening

C.enlightening

D.enlightened

【答案】B

【解析】形容词词义辨析。disheartening“使沮丧”；disheartened“沮丧的”；enlightening“使人领悟的”；enlightened“被启发的”。根据题意，空格中的形容词用来形容news，形容物体用-ing形式的形容词，选项A，D可排除。句意：希望是有帮助的。在暗淡的时光和令人沮丧的消息中，能够保持继续前进。但是希望更让人信服，当我们有理由去相信的时候。选项B符合题意。

4.单选题

TheNigerPresidenthadcauseduneaseintheWestAfricancountryfollowinghisfailuretoorganizeelectionswhenhis（）elapsed.

问题1选项

A.tenancy

B.tension

C.territory

D.tenure

【答案】D

【解析】名词词汇辨析。tenancy“租用，租赁，租赁期”；tension“紧张局势”；territory“领地，领土”；tenure“任期”。句意：尼日尔总统任期结束后未能组织选举，在这个西非国家引起了不安。选项D符合题意。

5.单选题

BesidesthoseIhavenamed,therewasnotinBritainthemanlivingwhomI（）,unlessitweretheDukeofWellington,whomIafterwardssawatWestminsterAbbey,atthefuneralofWilberforce.

问题1选项

A.caredforbeholding

B.caredtobehold

C.caredtobebeheld

D.caredforbeingbeheld

【答案】B

【解析】语法和固定搭配。caretodosth.“想做某事，愿意做某事”;carefor“关心，喜欢”；behold“看，看见”。根据句子结构，可知空格中应该填入定语从句的谓语，先行词为theman，关系代词为whom，theman和behold之间是主动关系，选项C和D可排除。句意：除了我所提到的那些人以外，在英国没有一个活着的人是我所愿意见到的，除非是Wellington,公爵，我后来在威伯福斯的葬礼上在威斯敏斯特大教堂见到了他。选项B符合题意。

6.单选题

Thatwouldcauseanoutcryandaddseveralpercentagepointstoinflation,andcouldeasilycheckspendingand（）therecoveryinitscradle.

问题1选项

A.impel

B.stage

C.strangle

D.invigorate

【答案】C

【解析】动词词义辨析。impel“趋使，推动”；stage“筹划，举行”；strangle“绞杀，使窒息”；invigorate“鼓舞”。句意：这将引起强烈的抗议，并且使通货膨胀增加几个百分点，而且会控制消费，使复苏在摇篮中就被扼杀。选项C符合题意。

7.单选题

Forayoungmanofsuchscrupulousloyaltyandsolittleambitionthiswasadiscouragingstart.Despiteallhiscorrectness,heappearedtohaveblunderedandtohavestartedlife（）.

问题1选项

A.onwrongfeet

B.onhiswrongfeet

C.onthewrongfoot

D.onawrongfoot

【答案】C

【解析】固定搭配。根据固定搭配onthewrongfeet“处于不利地位”，可排除A、B和D选项。句意：尽管他很正确，但是他似乎犯了大错，使人生处于不利的处境。选项C符合题意。

8.单选题

Recently,JapaneseimportsofmanufacturedgoodsfromChinahavesurgedandthereputationofChineseproductshasimprovedsubstantially,givingrisetoconcernthatChinawillsoonreplaceJapanasthe"factoryoftheworld".AnobjectiveevaluationofChina'sindustrialstrength,however,suggeststhatthereisstillalongwaytogobeforeitwillbecomeatrulyadvancedindustrialcountryonparwithJapan.

Firstofall,thehighproportionoflabor-intensiveproductsinChina'sexportsmeansthatitstradestructureistypicalofanewlyindustrializingeconomy(NIE).

Thisisdifferentfromthatofdevelopedcountries,wherethemajorexportitems,suchasmachinery,aretechnology-intensive.AlthoughChinaisincreasingitsshareoftheglobalmarketformanufacturedgoods,includingsomeinformation-technology(IT)productsthatareclassifiedashigh-tech,Chineseexportsarestillhighlyconcentratedinlower-endproducts.Intheeaseoftelevisions,forinstance,Japanspecializesinhigh-definitionandotherhigher-endmodels,whileChinaproducesstandardmodelswhoseunitvaluesaremuchlower.

ReflectingChinasemphasisonprocessingtrade,goods"madeinChina"containlargenumbersofoverseascomponents,someofwhicharemadeinJapan.AccordingtoofficialChinesestatistics,increasingexportsbyUSS1millionrequiresimportingintermediategoodsandcomponentsworth$500,000,whichdonotformpartofChina'sgrossdomesticproduct(GDP).Moreover,theproportionofthisimportedcontentishigherforhigh-techthanforlow-techproducts.Acomputerlabeled"madeinChina"islikelytocontainalargeportionofimportedcontentsincludinganIntelcentralprocessingunit(CPU),MicrosoftWindowsoperatingsystem,andaliquidcrystaldisplaymadeinJapanorSouthKorea.

Inaddition,approximatelyhalfofChina'sexportsareproducedbysubsidiariesofforeigncompanies,towhichdividends,interestcharges,royaltiesandotherfeesmustbepaid.EvenamongChinesecompanieswithnocapitalrelationswithoverseascompanies,themajorityoftheirexportsareprocessedunderOEM(originalequipmentmanufacturing)contractsandsoldwithforeignbrandnames.Thusonlyaverysmallpercentageofthevalue-addedofproductslabeled"madeinChina"isactually"madebyChina".ThelattercorrespondstotheconceptofChina'sgrossnationalproduct(GNP),andexcludesimportchargesonintermediategoodsandinvestmentincomepaidtooverseascountries.

Chinaissoheavilydependentonforeignpartnersthatithasyettodevelopitsownedge-cuttingtechnologyandinternationallyrecognizedbrandnames.Ontopofthis;Chinesecompaniesareinferiortotheiroverseascounterpartsinvirtuallyeveryaspect,beitcapital,humanresources,orbusinessmanagement.Asaresult,Chinahasnooptionbuttolooktocheaplaborforitsexportcompetitiveness.Indeed,themajorityofChinascontributiontothevalue-addedofitsexportslieswiththecostoflabor,andtheverylowwagesinChina,averaginglessthan$100amonth,implythatthiscontributionmustbeverysmall.Assuch,thecommonassumptionthatChinesegoodsarecompetitivebecausethecountry'swagelevelsarelowholdstrueonlyforlabor-intensiveproductsanddoesnotnecessarilyapplytoindustryasawhole.Instead,China'slowwagesshouldbeinterpretedasareflectionofthefactthatitslaborproductivityispoor.ItiswhenChina'swagelevelsapproachthoseofJapan,reflectingariseinproductivity,whichChinawillreallybecomeaformidablecompetitorforJapan.

1.Whydoestheauthorsay"thereisstillalongwaytogobeforeitwillbecomeatrulyadvancedindustrialcountryonparwithJapan"?

2.Accordingtotheauthor,what'sthedifferencebetweenproductslabeled"madeinChina"andthoselabeled"madebyChina'?

3.WhichofthefollowingistrueaboutthecompetitivenessofJapan'sproducts?

4.Theword“subsidiaries”inParagraph4isclosestinmeaningto（）.

5.Whichofthefollowingcouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?

问题1选项

A.China'stradestructureisstilllaggingbehindthatofdevelopedcountries.

B.China'sexportgoodsarenotascompetitiveasJapan's.

C.WithoutforeignhelpandadvancedtechnologyChinacannotproducemostofitsproducts.

D.Chinaisstillfacedwiththeproblemsofbackwardtradestructure,low-techandlabor-intensiveproducts.

问题2选项

A.Productslabeled"madeinChina"arehigh-techproductswhilethelatterarenot.

B.WhetherChinaisthemanufactureroftheoriginalpartofproductsandsellsthoseproductswithChinesebrandnames.

C.WhetherChinesecompaniesaresubsidiariesofforeigncompanies.

D.WhetherChinesecompaniesaredependentonforeignpartners.

问题3选项

A.Japandoesn'texportlower-endproducts.

B.Japanisthe'factoryoftheworld".

C.Japan'smajorexportitemsarehigh-techproductsandcompetitiveinbusinessmanagement.

D.Japandoesn'tputstressonprocessinggoods.

问题4选项

A.furnishingaids

B.asumofmoney

C.assistants

D.affiliates

问题5选项

A.Chinaisn'taDevelopedCountry.

B.So-called'MadeinChina'Label.

C.JapanWon'tFear'MadeinChina'Label.

D.ChinaWillReplaceJapanastheFactoryofWorld.

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:B

第3题:C

第4题:D

第5题:C

【解析】1.细节理解题。根据文章第二段和第三段，“Firstofall,thehighproportionoflabor-intensiveproductsinChina'sexports…Chineseexportsarestillhighlyconcentratedinlower-endproducts.”，可知二三段总结了中国工业发展的问题，包括劳动密集型产品占比重过高，中国出口仍高度集中于低端产品。可推断出中国仍然面临贸易结构落后、科技含量低、劳动密集型产品等问题。选项D符合题意。

2.细节理解题。根据文章第四段，“ReflectingChinasemphasisonprocessingtrade,goods"madeinChina"containlargenumbersofoverseascomponents,someofwhicharemadeinJapan.”，可知“中国制造”的商品含有大量海外零部件，其中一些是日本制造的，这反映出中国对加工贸易的重视。根据文章第四段，“Thusonlyaverysmallpercentageofthevalue-addedofproductslabeled"madeinChina"isactually"madebyChina".”，可知产品的研发不在中国。可推断出中国制造和中国创造的区别在于中国是否是原装产品的生产商，并销售那些有中国品牌的产品。选项B符合题意。

3.推断题。根据文章第三段，“Japanspecializesinhigh-definitionandotherhigher-endmodels,whileChinaproducesstandardmodelswhoseunitvaluesaremuchlower.”，可知日本生产高清和高端机型。根据文章第六段，“Chinaissoheavilydependentonforeignpartnersthatithasyettodevelopitsownedge-cuttingtechnologyandinternationallyrecognizedbrandnames.”，可知中国严重依赖外国合作伙伴，以至于尚未开发出自己的尖端技术和国际知名品牌。可推断出日本的主要出口产品是高科技产品，在企业管理方面具有竞争优势。选项C符合题意。

4.词义理解题。根据文章第五段，“…approximatelyhalfofChina'sexportsareproducedbysubsidiariesofforeigncompanies,towhichdividends,interestcharges,royaltiesandotherfeesmustbepaid.”，可知中国大约一半的出口产品是由外国公司的子公司生产的，必须向这些子公司支付股息、利息、特许权使用费和其他费用。可知subsidiaries意思为子公司。选项D符合题意。

5.主旨题。文章第一段提出中国很快取代日本成为“世界工厂”的观点，接下里讨论了中国工业发展过程中面临的问题，最终得出结论中国成为高端科技的工业国还需要更多的时间和努力，所以目前中国可能还不是日本的竞争对手和威胁因素。可推断出日本无惧“中国制造”是符合整个文章意思的。选项C符合题意。

9.单选题

DavidCameronputBritain’sfuture（

）,inanaudaciousgamblethatunitedhisConservativePartybutwhichcouldhaveprofoundimplicationsforthepartyandthecountry.

问题1选项

A.inline

B.intheline

C.online

D.ontheline

【答案】D

【解析】固定搭配。inline“成一排”；intheline“在列队中”；online“在线的”；ontheline“处于危险中”。句意：戴维•卡梅伦将英国的未来置于危险中，在一场无畏的赌博中，将保守党统一在一起，却能给保守党个整个国家带来意义深远的影响。选项D符合题意。

10.单选题

（）hewasintheUnitedStatesasstudentstudyingcomputerscience,butinrealityhewasspyingonSiliconValleyfirmsforGunDapSystems,hisemployer.

问题1选项

A.Disingenuously

B.Discretely

C.Officiously

D.Ostensibly

【答案】D

【解析】副词词义辨析。disingenuously“不诚实地”；discretely“离散地”；officiously“过分殷勤地，非官方地”；ostensibly“表面上，外表”。句意：表面上他在美国学习计算机科学，但实际上，他是在为他的雇主GunDapSystems监视硅谷的公司。选项D符合题意。

11.单选题

Fiveyearsago,thatcoupleboughtthehouse（）_makingaquickprofitoutofit.

问题1选项

A.witheyesopento

B.ingoodeyesat

C.withaneyeto

D.byaneyeat

【答案】C

【解析】词组辨析。withaneyeto“着眼于，指望着”为固定搭配。没有A、B和D项的搭配，可排除。句意：五年前，那对夫妇买下这所房子，希望能很快从中获利。选项C符合题意。

12.单选题

Itisreportedthathemeanstoexchangeintoanotherregiment,（）forthepurposeofseparatinghimselffromme.

问题1选项

A.avowingly

B.avowing

C.avowed

D.avowedly

【答案】D

【解析】语法题。avowing“承认，公开宣称”；avowed“公开宣布的”；avowedly“公然地”。空格应该用副词来修饰整个句子。句意：据报道他打算调到另一个政权，目的是公然地和我划清界限。选项D符合题意。

13.翻译题

Iamgratefulfortheinvitationtoparticipateinthisimportantconference,andIinterpretitasevidencethatstudentsofcreativitythemselvespossessthesensitivitytodivergentapproachesthattheyseektoidentifyinothers.ButIamnotaltogethersanguineabouttheoutcomeofyourexperimentwithme.Asmostofyoualreadyknow,Iamnopsychologist,butratheranex-physicistnowworkinginthehistoryofscience.Probablymyconcernisnolesswithcreativitythanyourown,butmygoals,mytechniques,andmysourcesofevidencearesoverydifferentfromyoursthatIamfarfromsurehowmuchwedo,orevenshould,havetosaytoeachother.Thesereservationsimplynoapology;rathertheyhintatmycentralthesis.Inthesciences,asIshallsuggestbelow,itisoftenbettertodoone’sbestwiththetoolsathandthantopauseforcontemplationofdivergentapproaches.Ifapersonofmybackgroundandinterestshasanythingrelevanttosuggesttothisconference,itwillnotbeaboutyourcentralconcerns,thecreativepersonalityanditsearlyidentification.Butimplicitinthenumerousworkingpapersdistributedtoparticipantsinthisconferenceisanimageofthescientificprocessandofthescientist;thatimagealmostcertainlyconditionsmanyoftheexperimentsyoutryaswellastheconclusionsyoudraw;andaboutitthehistorianmaywellhavesomethingtosay.Ishallrestrictmyattentiontooneaspectofthisimage--anaspectepitomizedasfollowsinoneoftheworkingpapers:Thebasicscientist“mustlackprejudicetoadegreewherehecanlookatthemost‘self-evident’factsorconceptswithoutnecessarilyacceptingthem,and,conversely,allowhisimaginationtoplaywiththemostunlikelypossibilities”.Inthemoretechnicallanguagesuppliedbyotherworkingpapers,thisaspectoftheimagerecursasanemphasisupon“divergentthinking,thefreedomtogooffindifferentdirections,...rejectingtheoldsolutionandstrikingoutinsomenewdirection.”Idonotatalldoubtthatthisdescriptionof“divergentthinking”andtheconcomitantsearchforthoseabletodoitareentirelyproper.Somedivergencecharacterizesallscientificwork,andgiganticdivergenceslieatthecoreofthemostsignificantepisodesinscientificdevelopment.Butbothmyownexperienceinscientificresearchandmyreadingofthehistoryofsciencesleadmetowonderwhetherflexibilityandopen-mindednesshavenotbeentooexclusivelyemphasizedasthecharacteristicsrequisiteforbasicresearch.

【答案】

Normal

0

7.8磅

0

2

false

false

false

EN-US

ZH-CN

X-NONE

正如你们大多数人已经知道的那样，我不是心理学家，而是现在从事科学历史工作的一位前物理学家。也许我对创造力的关心程度不比你们少，但是我的目标、技巧和证据来源与你的有很大的不同，以至于不确定我们要做多少，或者应该对彼此说多少。这些保留并不意味着一种辩护，相反它们暗示了我的中心论点。在科学领域，正如以下我暗示到的，与其停下来去沉思不同的方法，不如好好利用手头的工具。

我将把我的注意力集中于这个形象的一个方面，我在论文中将这个方面进行了概括：基础科学家“一定要没有偏见，达到一种能查看‘不言自明’的事物或概念的程度，并且没有必要接受它们，相反地，允许自己的想象力发挥到最不可能的可能。

”我对“发散思维”的描述一点都不觉得怀疑，对那些能够进行发散思维的人伴随进行的搜寻是完全恰当的。所有的科学工作者都存在分歧，并且巨大的分歧在科学发展中存在于意义最为深重的核心中。但是通过我自己的科学研究经历和对科学史的阅读，我怀疑灵活性和无偏见是否被专有地强调成为基础研究的必要特征。

14.单选题

（）whethertheloanproposalismadebyagovernment,stateenterpriseorprivatecorporation,anappraisaloftheeconomicandpoliticalsituationoftheborrower’scountrymustbemadetoassesstheriskinvolved.

问题1选项

A.Dependingon

B.Notwithstanding

C.irrespectiveof

D.Onaccountof

【答案】C

【解析】从属连词词义辨析。dependingon“取决于”；notwithstanding“尽管”；irrespectiveof“不论，不顾”；onaccountof“由于，因为”。句意：不管是由政府提出的贷款，国有企业还是私营企业的贷款，必须对借款国的经济和政治情况进行评估，以预估所涉的风险。选项C符合题意。

15.单选题

Manypeoplewhoareotherwisecommittedtolow-carbonlife-styleswill（）fromparticipatinginanactionthatmightinvolvesignificantlevelsofpoliceharassmentorevenviolence.

问题1选项

A.takeoff

B.betakenoff

C.putoff

D.beputoff

【答案】A

【解析】固定搭配和语法题。takeoff“离开，起飞”；putoff“脱下”。句意：许多坚持低碳生活的人将拒绝参加那些大量警察干预甚至暴力的行动。所以是主动从这些活动中离开，不参加。选项A符合题意。

16.单选题

Thatpublicfigurewasreally（）forsayingthosethingsinpublic,eventhoughpeoplecanunderstandhimandseehispointofviewonthematter.

问题1选项

A.behindthelines

B.outofline

C.offtheline

D.inhisline

【答案】B

【解析】固定搭配。behindthelines“在后方；绳子的背后”，outofline“不协调，违规”，offtheline“打完电话”，没有搭配inhisline。句意：那位公众人物在公共场合说那些话真是不合规矩，尽管人们能理解他，也能看到他对这件事情的看法。选项B符合题意。

17.单选题

Themethodofsciencedoesnotseektoimposethedesiresandhopesofmenuponthefluxofthingsinacapriciousmanner.Itmayindeedbeemployedtosatisfythedesiresofmen.Butitssuccessfulusedependsuponseeking,inadeliberatemanner,andirrespectiveofwhatmen’sdesiresare,torecognize,aswellastotakeadvantageof,thestructurewhichthefluxpossesses.

Consequently,scientificmethodaimstodiscoverwhatthefactstrulyare,andtheuseofthemethodmustbeguidedbythediscoveredfacts.But,aswehaverepeatedlypointedout,whatthefact