北师大版高中英语必修第三册单元测试题含答案

北师大版高中英语必修第三册单元测试题含答案Unit7Art单元测试题第一部分听力(略)第二部分阅读理解第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分,满分37.5分)阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中,选出最佳选项。AMusicFestivalsinEurope

Visitingafestivalabroadcanbeagreatreasontotravelandawaytoexperiencedifferentcultures.Thesedaystherearesuchanumberofchoicesthatit'spossibletospendthewholesummerwatchinglivemusicinexcitingplaces.Ofcourse,it'salsoachancetomeetpeoplefromacrosstheworld.

Melt!Festival,Germany

Thisfestivaltakesplaceonthesiteofanopen-airmuseumforindustrialmachinery.There'salsoalakewhichcanbeusedforswimmingwhenit'shot.Thisyear'sline-uphasover120differentbands(乐队).Around90%ofthepeopleattendingthefestivalareGermansprovidingaperfectchancetopractisespeakingthelanguage.

ExitFestival,Serbia

SetonthebanksoftheDanubeinanoldfortress(堡垒),thefestivalbeganasawaytoshowpeople'sdissatisfactionwiththegovernment.Thesedaysit'slesspoliticalbutstillworriesaboutpeoplewhoarepoor,ill,old,etcandtriestohelpthem.Thisyear'sfestivalwillhostmanyfamousbands.Fromelectronicmusicanddancemusictohardrock,thereissomethingforeveryonetoenjoy.

Open'erFestival,Poland

HeldinanairfieldnearthenortherncityofGdansk,eachyearOpen'erhasaseriouslygoodselectionofbands.Thisyearisnoexception,withmanyfamousbandssettoplay.Notonlyarethereamazingartists,butbothPolandandthefestivalitselfalsoprovideveryexcellentvalueformoney.

BelladrumTartanHeartFestival,UK

SetonaScottishestate(庄园)nearInverness,thisyearBelladrumwillwelcomeartistsfromaroundtheworld.Themostenjoyablepartofthefestivalistheceilidh(traditionalScottishdanceandparty)whichisalwaysalivelyevent.Itdoesn'tevenmatterifyou'reabeginnerbecausethebandteachesyoueachdance.1.WhatisspecialaboutMelt!Festival?A.ItprovidesGermanlessons. B.Itisheldbyalocalmuseum.C.Thebandsarefrom120countries. D.MostofthefestivalgoersareGermans.2.WhydidExitFestivalbegin?A.Forpoliticalreasons. B.Forpersonalreasons.C.Tohelpstopafight. D.Toofferhelptothepoor.3.WhatmakesBelladrumTartanHeartFestivaldifferentfromtheothers?A.Itfallsinsummer. B.Itisalivemusicfestival.C.ItteachespeopleScottishdances. D.Itinvitesthemostfamousbands.B

ChangeshavebeentakingplaceinPhiladelphiasince1984.Onebyone,graffiti-coveredwallshavebeenchangedintooutdoorart.Sofar,morethan1,800murals(壁画)havebeenpainted.PhiladelphianowhasmoremuralsthananyotherAmericancity.

Thewallsthatwereonceuglywithgraffitiarenowcoveredwithbeautifulpicturesofhistoricalheroesandmodernart,thankstotheMuralArtsProgramme(MAP).Itsworkmakesschoolsandpublicplacesattractive.TheprogrammebeganaspartofPhiladelphia'sAnti-GraffitiNetwork.JaneGoldenistheMAP'sartisticdirector."Whenpeopleaskmewhatourprogrammeisabout,"shesays,"Ianswerthemwithoneword:hope."Eachyear,theMAPofferstheyouthartprogrammesandworkshops.Someone-timegraffitiwritersevenhelppaintMAPmurals.

GoldensaysthattheMAP'sworkisallaboutdevelopingasenseofcommunity.Whenaneighbourhoodrequestsamural,theMAPworkswiththepeopletheretodevelopamessage.Somemessageshavebeen"SafeStreets","LoveAndCare",and"PeaceWalk".

TheMAPreceivesupto50requestsformuralseachweek.Lastyear,theworkerspainted140murals.

"Themakingofamuralenterspeople'scollectivememoryasanextraordinary,pleasantmomentinneighbourhoodhistory,"saysGolden,whobeganasamuralistinLosAngeles.4.WhatistheMAPinPhiladelphiaaimedat?A.Helpingtheyoungfindjobs. B.Protectingtheneighbourhood.C.Fightingagainstgraffiti. D.Attractingmorevisitors.5.HowdoestheMAPdecideonmessagesforamural?A.Byhavingdiscussionswithpeopleinthecommunity.B.Byseekingadvicefromthecitygovernment.C.Bylearningfromtheyounggraffitiwriters.D.Bystudyingthehistoryofthecity.6.WhichofthefollowingwordsbestdescribestheworkoftheMAP?A.Difficult. B.Dangerous. C.Experimental. D.Successful.7.Whatcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A.Love,FromGraffitiWriterstoMuralists B.MAP,aNewCompanyinPhiladelphiaC.Jane,anExcellentMuralArtist D.Hope,OneWallataTimeC

Meetingpeoplefromanotherculturecanbedifficult.Fromthebeginning,peoplemaysendthewrongsignal.Ortheymaypaynoattentiontosignalsfromanotherpersonwhoistryingtodeveloparelationship.

Differentculturesstresstheimportanceofrelationshipbuildingtoagreaterorlesserdegree.Forexample,businessinsomecountriesisnotpossibleuntilthereisarelationshipoftrust.Evenwithpeopleatwork,itisnecessarytospendalotoftimein"smalltalk",usuallyoveraglassoftea,beforetheydoanyjob.InmanyEuropeancountries,liketheUKorFrance,peoplefinditeasiertobuildupalastingworkingrelationshipatrestaurantsorcafésratherthanattheoffice.

Talkandsilencemayalsobedifferentinsomecultures.IoncemadeaspeechinThailand.Ihadexpectedmyspeechtobeasuccessandstartalivelydiscussion;insteadtherewasanuncomfortablesilence.Thepeoplepresentjuststaredatmeandsmiled.Aftergettingtoknowtheirwaysbetter,IrealizedthattheythoughtIwastalkingtoomuch.Inmyownculture,weexpressmeaningmainlythroughwords,butpeopletheresometimesfeeltoomanywordsareunnecessary.

EvenwithinNorthernEurope,culturaldifferencescancauseseriousproblems.Certainly,EnglishandGermanculturessharesimilarvalues.However,Germansprefertogetdowntobusinessmorequickly.Wethinkthattheyarerude.Infact,thisisjustbecauseoneculturestartsdiscussionsandmakesdecisionsmorequickly.

Peoplefromdifferentpartsoftheworldhavedifferentvalues,andsometimesthesevaluesarequiteagainsteachother.However,ifwecanunderstandthembetter,amulticulturalenvironmentwillofferawonderfulchanceforustolearnfromeachother.8.What'stheprobablemeaningoftheunderlinedword"stress"?A.Todrawspecialattentionto. B.Toignore.C.Tolaughat. D.Togetcloseto.9.TheauthormentionshisexperienceinThailandtoshowthat______________.A.theEnglishprefertomakelongspeechesB.peoplefromThailandarequietandshybynatureC.eventalkandsilencecanbeculturallydifferentD.toomanywordsareofnouse10.Accordingtothetext,howcanpeoplefromdifferentculturesunderstandeachotherbetter?A.Byacceptingdifferenthabits. B.Byrecognizingdifferentvalues.C.Bysharingdifferentwaysoflife. D.Byspeakingeachother'slanguages.11.Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?A.Cross-CulturalDifferences B.MulticulturalEnvironmentC.HowtoUnderstandEachOther D.HowtoBuildUpaRelationshipD

JeromeKernisoftencalledthefatherofAmericanmusicaltheatre.Kernisrememberedforthehundredsofsongshewroteformusicalplaysandmovies.Toagreatextent,heledthedevelopmentofthefirsttrulyAmericantheatremusic.

JeromeKernbeganhiscareerasasongwriterintheatresinLondonandNewYorkCity.Successcamequickly.Bytheearly1920s,KernwasasuccessfulyoungcomposerforBroadwaymusicalcomedies.Heworkedwitheachsonguntilhewassatisfiedthatthemusicwasperfect.

AmericanmusicalplaysatthattimewerestillusuallycopiedfromEuropeanones.Kernwantedtotrysomethingcompletelynew.Hethoughtamusicalplayshouldbearealworkofart,notjustacollectionofsongsanddances.Hethoughtsongsshouldhelpmovetheactionoftheplayalong,byshowingaperson'sfeelings.KernwantedtodoatrulyAmericanmusical,withrealAmericancharactersandrealsituations.

In1927,hefoundthestoryhewanted.ItwasthebookShowBoatbyAmericanwriterEdnaFerber.ShowBoattakesplaceinthe1880sonapassengersteamboatthattravelsalongtheMississippiRiver.Theboatiscalledashowboatbecausesingersanddancersentertainthepassengers.Thecaptainoftheshowboathasadaughterwhoisasingerontheboat.Shefallsinlovewithamanwhoearnshismoneybygamblingwithcards.

Thestorydealtwithsomeunusuallyseriousissuesforamusical.ItshowedthehardlivesofAfricanAmericansintheSouth.Anditshowedmarriagebetweenpeopleofdifferentraces,whichwasagainstthelawatthattime.Althoughseriousinplaces,ShowBoatwasnotatragedy.Thepublicandcriticslovedit.ShowBoatbecamethegreatestworkofAmericanmusicaltheatre.MusiccriticssaidKern'seffectonmusicaltheatrewasrevolutionary.ItwasKern'smusicthatmadetheshowagreatsuccess,whichhasbeenperformedthousandsoftimesallovertheworld.12.Thepassageaboveislikelytoappearina___________.A.poster B.radioprogramme C.notice D.newsreport13.Accordingtothepassage,JeromeKerncanbedescribedtobe___________.A.adventurousandsympathetic B.braveandkindC.productiveandcreative D.hardworkinganddetermined14.ThestoryofShowBoatis___________.A.serious B.light-hearted C.ridiculous D.tragic15.Thepurposeofthepassageisto___________.A.introduceJeromeKern'slifeandhiscareerB.explainhowJeromeKern'strulyAmericanmusicalplayswerecreatedC.tellustheunusualstoryofShowBoatD.showthedifferencesbetweenAmericanmusicalplaysandEuropeanones第二节七选五(共5小题;每小题2.5分,满分12.5分)根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。HowtoOrganizeaMusicFestival

Youlovemusicandyoualwayshave.Youwanttocarryoutamusicfestivaldesignedtoattractmusicfansofallages.Followthestepsandyou'llorganizeasuccessfulone.

▲

Startbymakingalistofthelocalbandsandartiststhatyoulike.You'vetakenthisjobbecauseyoulovemusic,soputyourtastetoworkforyou.Ifyoulikethesemusicians,manyofthelocalresidentswillalsolikethem.

____16____Youneedtohavemanykindsofmusicforallagegroups.

▲Findagreatlocationthathasmuchopenspaceforoutdoorfestivals.Youneedtobuildastagesothemusicianscanbeseenfromdistances.

___17_____Notalltownsneedsuchalicensebutitisagoodideatocheckbeforeyoustartbuilding.Foranindoorlocation,youneedtofindatheaterthatiswillingtogiveyouenoughspace.

___18_____

▲

Hiresoundandengineeringpeopletogivethemusiciansallthehelptheyneed.

____19____Youcan'texpectthemusicianstohandletheseproblemsbecausetheyareplaying.Yoursoundandengineeringexpertswillallowyourstarstokeepthemusicplaying.

▲

____20____Ifyouareplanningyourfestivalforfamilies,thelastthingyouwantisabeer-swillingcrowdstartingahugebrawl(斗殴).Securitypeopleneedtobepresenttomakesurethatnobodygetstheideathattheywanttostartanykindofruckus(骚乱).A.

Youneedtofindsecuritypeople.B.

Biggersportsstadiumswillbeperfectaswell.C.

Wecanfindenoughsongstogetalotofmoney.D.

Peopleshouldhavepracticedmanydifferentsongs.E.

Butremember,youaretryingtoattractfansofallages.F.

Thelastthingyouwantisthatagroupisonstagebutthespeakersdon'twork.G.

Youcanfindalocationbygoingtothelocalgovernmentandaskingforpermission.第三部分语言知识运用第一节完形填空(共15小题;每小题1分,满分15分)阅读下面短文,从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中,选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

WhenIwasachild,Ibeganlearningtoplaythepiano,whichwasmyfavouritemusical

21

,butIwasforcedtogiveupwhenIstartedmymiddleschoolsothatIcouldconcentratemoreonmystudies.

It'soneofmybiggest

22

tostoppractisingthepianowhenIrecallsadlytoday.Duringthefollowingyears,IkepttellingmypianoteacherthatIwould

23

.However,Ididn'tkeepmypromisebecauseIwasoccupiedwithmystudy.

24

Ilosttouchwithmyteacher.Someyearslater,myteacherdied.IwasverysadbecauseIlostsuchagoodteacher.Shewasaverywarmandgentleperson.Ithurtsmetothinkshemayhavebeen

25

thatIneverreturned.Ihaven'ttakenlessonssincethenbuttobehonest,I

26

to.Sittingatthepiano,Icouldn'thelprecallingmanymemories—timesofmypractisingathomeandplayingbeforemyteacherandonetimemyteacher

27

meafterIplayedentirepiecesofmusicwronginfrontofhercolleagues.Iwasso

28

thatIcouldhardlysayanything.Buther

29

helpedeasemyshame.Thesememories,

30

,goodorbad,nevercausedmycourageforplayingthepianoagain.

Thisthoughtthenledmetothinkthat

31

islikemusic,andthatwealltrytoplaydifferent

32

intheinstrumentofourlife.Sometimesthepitch(音准)

33

whenweplayitwell,butsometimesweareoutoftune.However,weallcontinuetocreateourown

34

styleofmusic.Nomatterwhatstyleourmusicis,itisimportantthatwesingthesongsofjoy,quietnessandlove.ThoughImaynevermakeitbacktopianolessons,itdoesn't

35

thatI'vestoppedmakingmusic.21.A.room

B.performance

C.instrument

D.stage22.A.successes

B.decisions

C.regrets

D.hobbies23.A.perform

B.graduate

C.leave

D.return24.A.Actually

B.Constantly

C.Gradually

D.Suddenly25.A.disappointed

B.glad

C.astonished

D.amazed26.A.liked

B.wanted

C.needed

D.decided27.A.instructed

B.hurt

C.punished

D.respected28.A.frightened

B.moved

C.excited

D.embarrassed29.A.happiness

B.comfort

C.satisfaction

D.sigh30.A.instead

B.meanwhile

C.therefore

D.however31.A.life

B.learning

C.attitude

D.enjoyment32.A.cards

B.roles

C.sports

D.games33.A.hard

B.surprising

C.wonderful

D.complex34.A.unique

B.boring

C.common

D.similar35.A.matter

B.mean

C.report

D.appear第二节语法填空(共10小题;每小题1.5分,满分15分)阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

TheArtofChineseXinjiangUyghurMuqam(新疆维吾尔木卡姆艺术)isa__36___(represent)nameofvariouskindsofMuqaminNorthwestChina'sXinjiangUyghurAutonomousRegion(自治区),

__37___wasdeclaredoneoftheUNESCOMasterpiecesoftheOralandIntangibleHeritageofHumanityin2005.

Muqam,__38___(recognise)asthemotherofUyghurmusic,isnotonly

__39___artisticcreationwithalonghistory,butalsoarecordof___40__(communicate)betweenChinaandtheregionstothewestofitinhistory.Itcanbefoundin19countriesandregionsinCentral,South,andWestAsia,andNorthAfrica,whichis___41__(particular)duetoXinjiang'scentrallocationalongtheSilkRoad.

InMuqamensembles(乐团),theleadinstruments,calledsatar,aremadefromlocalmaterialsandvaryinform.Thedancingskillsinvolveuniquesteps,rhythms,andformationsaswellas__42___(figure)suchasflower-picking-by-mouth,bowl-carrying-on-head,andimitationofanimalsinsolodances.

SincethefoundingofthePeople'sRepublicofChinain1949,everypossiblemeans__43___(use)topreservetheTwelveMuqambytheChinesegovernment.About20studycentreshavebeensetup__44___(train)professionalresearchersonMuqam.Moreover,thegovernmenthasintroducedMuqam

__45___thenationalartisticeducationsystem.第四部分:写作应用文写作(满分15分)46.

假定你是书法俱乐部部长李华,请你写封邮件告知成员Chris参加下周五下午的中国书法课程。内容包括:

1.写信目的;

2.课程安排;

3.注意事项。

注意:1.词数80左右;

2.可适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。

参考词汇:calligraphy书法DearChris,____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Yours,LiHua读后续写(满分25分)47.阅读下面材料,根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段,使之构成一篇完整的短文。续写的词数应为150左右。

DavidAguilarisaboybornwithouthisrightarm.Becauseofthat,Aguilarhasalwaysstoodoutfromthepersonsatthesameage.Asachild,hewasverynervoustobeinfrontofotherguys,becausehethoughtthathewasdifferent.Whilegrowingup,Aguilarhadtolearnhowtodoeverythingwithjustonehand.Althoughhewasabletodoalmosteverythingpeoplewithtwohandscando,Aguilarexplainedthathestillthoughtaboutgettingaprosthetichand(假手)throughouthischildhoodjustsothathecouldlookalittlebitmorenormalandfitinwitheveryoneelse.

WhenAguilartoldhisparentsthatthosearmswerecoolbecausetheyweremechanical(机械的)andcouldmakeyoulooklikearobot,hisparentsbeganthinkingaboutbuyingaprostheticarmforAguilar.However,whenAguilar'sparentsstartedlookingintogettingtheirsonaprosthetichand,theydiscoveredhowexpensiveitwas.Andtheycouldn'taffordtobuyonefortheirson.

YetwhenAguilarwasplayingwithhisLego(乐高)attheageofnine,hestartedexperimentingwithbuildinghisownprostheticarm.Hedidn'tknowitatthetime,buthisfavoritetoywasabouttochangethewayheviewedhimselfaswellaschangethecourseofhislife.Atfirst,hejustwantedtocreatesomethingthatcouldhelphimandbepartofhim.Ashelinkedtheblockstogetheraroundhisarm,hejuststartedmakingthisprosthesisfromLego.WhenAguilarlookedathimselfinthemirrorforthefirsttimewithhisLegoprosthesis,hewasamazedbywhathesaw.

However,thearmwasn'tthemoststrongandwouldoftenbendandbreakifhetriedtodoanyheavyliftingwithit.Soalmosttenyearslater,Aguilarsetouttobuildhimselfanewprostheticarmandhehopedtohelpmorepeoplewhodidn'thaveenoughmoneytobuyprosthetichands.Oneday,oneofhisdad'sfriendsgavehimaLegoplaneasagift,butallhesawwasanarm.Paragraph1:

Sincethen,AguilarhasbuilttwomoremodelsofhisLegoarm.______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Paragraph2:

Tohelpthesepeopleaskingforhelp,Aguilarisstudyingbioengineeringatuniversity.______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________参考答案1-3DAC4-7DCAD8-11.ACBA12-15.BCAB16-20.EGBFA21-25.CCDCA;26-30.BADBD;31-35.ABCAB36.representative37.which38.recognised39.an40.communication41.particularly42.figures43.hasbeenused44.totrain45.into46.答案：DearChris,

IamwritingtokeepyouinformedthattherewillbeaChinesecalligraphyclassnextweek.

Asisposted,theclassbeginsat3:00pmandendsat5:00pmnextFridayinRoom301ofthemainbuilding.AveryfamousprofessorhasbeeninvitedtogiveusaclearintroductiontoimprovingChinesecalligraphy,whichIthinkisofgreatusetoyou.MembersintheclubarewelcometoattendtheclassanditisanamazingchancetoknowmoreaboutChinesecalligraphy.Finally,youmightaswelltakeanumbrellabecausethereisoftenasuddenshowerintheafternoonrecently.

Expectingyourcomingandbestwishes.Yours,LiHua47.答案：Paragraph1:

Sincethen,AguilarhasbuilttwomoremodelsofhisLegoarm.Hespendslotsoftimetryingtoimproveeachmodeltobestronger.Now,hisprostheticarmissostrongthathecanliftheavyobjectsandevendopush-upswithit.SincenewsofhisLegoarmshasspreadaroundtheworld,AguilarhasbeencontactedbypeopleaskinghimtobuildthemtheirownLegoprostheticarms.Althoughhewantstohelp,hehaslimitedknowledge.Paragraph2:Tohelpthesepeopleaskingforhelp,Aguilarisstudyingbioengineeringatuniversity.Heworksveryhardatuniversityandhisdreamistomakeaffordableprosthesesforpeoplearoundtheworld.Untilnow,Aguilarhasachievedmuchprogressandhehashelpeddozensofpeoplehavingthesameproblemsashim.Hewantstoshowothersthatadisabilitywon'tstoponefromaccomplishinghisorherdreams.Aftergraduation,Aguilarplanstobuildacompanywhichaimstoproducetheprosthetichandsthatmostpeoplecanafford.Unit8GreenLiving单元测试题第一部分听力(略)第二部分阅读理解第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分,满分37.5分)阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中,选出最佳选项。A

City:Hangzhou

Launched:2008

Size:2,965stations/69,750bikes

Price:$28.59deposit(押金)+timecharge

Whiletakingalookatthiscity,youmayseethebestbikesharingintheworld.Asthesecondontheplanetbysize,theHangzhouPublicBicycleSystemisoneofthemostcommonandusefulshares,largelybecauseit'scombinedwithpublictransportation:asinglecardcanbeusedinsubway,bus,taxiandbikesharing.Residentsandtouristscanputdownadepositof200ChineseYuan(about$29)andrideforanhourforfreeinthissceniccity.Eachadditionalhourcostsonly$0.15.Itwasalsothefirstnew-generationbike-sharingsysteminChina.

City:Barcelona

Launched:2007

Size:420stations/6,000bikes

Price:$61.93peryear

Barcelona'sBicyclingProgramdevelopedSpain'sbike-sharingbusinessinabigway.Thisprogramtookofflikewildfireonwheels,andbecausefourtimesbiggerinoneyear.Itinspireddifferentcopycatprogramsalloverthecountry.Today,Spainhas132bike-sharingsystems.Theprogramisoneoftheworld'smostrespectedandpopularshares.Butitisonlyopentoresidentsandtouristsarenotallowedtousethem.

City:Paris

Launched:2007

Size:l,751stations/23,900bikes

Price:$38.52peryear/$2.26perday

BikesharinginParisisthestaroftheworld.Launchedin2007,itistheworld'slargestoutsideofChina.CheapbyAmericanstandards,youcanridearoundParisona$1.7daypass—thefirsthalfhourofeachtripisfree.Becausethissystemcoversthecitywithanaverageof50stationspersquaremile,it'safavouritewithbothlocalsandtourists.1.WhatdoweknowaboutBarcelona'sBicyclingProgram?A.IthasdriventhedevelopmentofSpain'sbikesharing.B.Ithasoncebeenruinedbyfireaccidents.C.Itispopularamongtravellers.D.Itconsistsof175,000bikes.2.HowmuchshouldyoupaytorideasharedbikeinParis?A.Nothingforanhour. B.$61.93peryear. C.$2.26perday. D.$1.7perday.3.WhatdotheHangzhouPublicBicycleSystemandbikesharinginParishaveincommon?A.Theyareopentobothlocalsandtourists. B.Theyhavethesameamountofstations.C.Theywerefoundedinthesameyear. D.Theyrequireadepositofover$30.B

Thedaywillcomewhenrenewableenergysuchaswind,solar,geothermalandothersreplacefossilfuelsasthemajorsourceofworldenergy.However,mostanalystsinsistthatthisdaywillnotarrivefor

manyyearstocome—certainlywellpastthemiddleofthecentury.Systemsoffossilfuelshavealreadybeenfirmlysetup,anditistoocostlyorimpracticaltoreplacetheexistingsystemswithrenewables.Buttherearegoodreasonstobelievethatthetransition(转变)torenewableswillcomemuchfasterthanpreviouslythought.

Itishardlysurprisingthatmanyexpertssaywewillseearelativelyslowtransitionfromfossilfuelstorenewables,givenwhatisknownaboutpreviousenergychangesofthissort."Energytransitionstakealongtime,"observedVaclavSmiloftheUniversityofManitobainScientificAmerican.Ittookmorethan50yearsforcoaltoreplacewoodastheworld'sleadingsourceofenergyandanother50yearsforoiltoreplacecoal;thechangefromfossilfuelstorenewables,heargued,isnotlikelytocomeanyfaster.

Underordinarycircumstances,Smil'sforecastwouldnodoubtproveaccurate.Butthesearenotordinarytimes.GrowingconcernoverclimatechangeisleadingtoincreasinglystrictcontrolsonCO2andothergreenhousegas(GHG)emissions(排放),whilethedevelopmentinrenewablestechnologyisloweringtheirpriceandspeedingtheirinstallation.

Thereare,ofcourse,manydifficultiesintheeffectivecontrolofcarbonemissions,asdemonstratedbycoalcompaniestoblocktheintroductionofnewrulesbytheUSEnvironmentalProtectionAgency.Nevertheless,itisimpossibletodismisstheprogressbeingmadeatthelocalandinternationallevelstopromotetheuseofrenewables.TheEuropeanUnion(EU),forexample,iswellonthewaytoachievinga20%reductioninGHGemissionsfrom1990levelsby2020,alongwitha20%increaseintheuseofrenewableenergy.

Thetransitiontorenewableswillbefasterduetodramaticimprovementsinthepricingandperformanceofsuchsystems.Asaresultofthesteadyincreasesintheefficiencyofwindandsolarsystems,togetherwiththesavingsachievedthroughlarge-scalemanufacture,thepriceofrenewablesisfallingglobally.Withpricesdroppingthisfast,solarenergyisnowprovingcompetitivewithfossilfuelsforgeneratingelectricityinmanyareas.

Thechangefromfossilfuelstorenewableenergywillnotcomeovernight,anditwillnotescapemanysetbacks.Nevertheless,renewablesarelikelytoreplacefossilfuelsasthemainsourceofelectricalpowerwellbeforemid-century.4.VaclavSmilbelievesthat___________.A.renewableenergiesarenotverypracticalB.thechangetorenewableswillcomeslowlyC.systemsoffossilfuelshavebeenfirmlysetupD.therearemanysetbacksofrenewableenergies5.WecanlearnfromthepassagethatEuropeanUnion___________.A.hascutdownhalfofthecarbonemissionsB.hasfailedtofindawaytoreduceGHGemissionsC.istryingtheirbesttoencouragetheuseofrenewablesD.triestostoptheintroductionofnewrulesonrenewables6.Therenewablesaremorecompetitivebecauseof__________.A.theirfallingprices B.thedeclineincoalindustryC.internationaltrade D.thenewrulesonCO2emission7.Theauthorwritesthispassageinorderto____________.A.callonpeopletouselessfossilfuelsB.giveadviceonhowtopromoterenewablesC.arguethattheenergytransitionwillcomesoonerD.provetherenewableswillbethemajorsourceofenergyC

Norwayaimstodiscovernewresourcesbeneaththesea,butitspushintomininghasraisedenvironmentalconcerns.

Norwaycouldlicencecompaniesfordeep-seaminingasearlyas2023.Thatcouldplaceitamongthefirstcountriestoharvestseabedmetals.Copper,zinc(锌)andothermetalsareinhighdemandforelectricvehiclebatteries,windturbinesandsolarenergycentres.However,thatcouldalsoplaceNorwayonthefrontlineofcontroversiesovertheenvironmentalrisksofminingtheworld's