句法总结与练习

句法总结与练习陈述句：说明事实与陈述人的看法的句子，包括肯定与否定形式。练习：把下列各词连成陈述句see,amap,can,I,the,wall,ondoes,often,thego,Lucy,park,not,toright,he,I,think,is,don’tnot,have,yet,work,the,they,finished.the,exam,Chinese,Jim,fail,in,may一般疑问句：be动词，助动词，情态动词前移至句首，并用Yes和No回答。读升调，答句用降调。练习：将下列句子变成一般疑问句，并做肯定与否定回答。Theyareplayingbasketballontheplayground.Theycanborrowbooksfromthelibrary.HehasmanyEnglishnovelsinhisfamily.Theygotoschoolonfooteveryday.HisfatherwenttoFrancelastyear.Wehavemadealotofbeautifulclothesthesedays.Hehasfinishedhishomework.Iwillpassonamessgetoher.Iwouldlikeacupofmilk,please.Wehavemanycakesforsupper.(变为否定疑问句)Itisawonderfulskirt.(变为否定疑问句)Iwanttocomewithyou.(变为否定疑问句)Itoldyoutocomeearlier.(变为否定疑问句)IhavebeentoDalianthreetimes.(变为否定疑问句)WewerewatchingTVatthistimelastnight.Hemuststopsmoking.TomandJerryareplayingwithaball.Shehadfinishedherhomeworkwhenhermothergothome.IhavehadlunchwithTomtoday.Thepeasantsaregettingreadyforthenextyear.特殊疑问句：一般情况：疑问词+一般疑问句疑问词在句中充当成分。不用Yes,No回答，直接回答。读降调常用的疑问词：whowhatwhosewhichwherewhenhowwhyhowmanyhowmuchhowfarhowlonghowoftenhowsoonhowhighhowwidehowlonghowheavy…练习：对画线部分提问(把各句变为特殊疑问句)Theboyisrunningnow.HeisLily’sfather.Sheislookingforthelittleboy.IoftenhelpTomwithEnglish.KatelentSusanaballyesterday.Thebooksareonthedesk.Theseareboats.Iwantacupoftea.Themanisadriver.Heislookingforhispen.It’saChinesecarinEnglish.Sixandnineisfifteen.I’minGradeThree.LiLeiisinClassFive.WeiHuaisinClassone,GradeThree.WeareinRowone.LucyisNumberSix.ThisisamapofChina.Theflowersarered.It’ssixo’clock.MynameisLily.Theseapplesareyours.ThebestoneisLily’s.Theboyinthehatismybrother.Iwanttobuytheskirtontheleft.Thiscupisyours.MineisredTheyaremybooks.ThisisLucyandLily’sroom.ThiscupisKate’s.I’mfine.(well.OK.allright.)Theboyisfifteen.It’scloudytoday.IcanspellitinEnglish.Ioftengotoschoolonfoot.(bybus.bytrain.bybike…)Ilikethelittledogverymuch.Shestudieshard.Therearefivebirdsinthetree.Thereismuchwaterinthebottle.Thereisanappletreeinfrontofthehouse.Thepairofshoesisfiftyyuan.Thisscarfcostsmefivedollars.Ipaytendollarsforthisticket.Myschoolisfivekilometresfromhere.Therulerisonemetrelong.Westayedtherefortwohours.Hehaslivedheresince2000.Thewomanwillgototheshopinfiveminutes.PeteroftencarrieswaterforUncleLi.Igoswimmingonceaweekinsummer.Theriverisfivemeterswide.Hedidn’tcometoschoolbecausehewasillinbed.Weusuallycometoschoolatseveninthemorning.Mymothergetsupatfive.WhenIgothome,mymotherwascooking.Thechildrensometimesplayfootballontheplayground.TodayisMonday.It’sMay2today.Iwantthecakeswithnutsinthem.Theboysareplayinginthetree.反意疑问句：对陈述句的事实提出相反的疑问。结构：陈述句，+简单的一般疑问句。前否，后肯；前肯，后否语调：前降，后升(一般情况)。前降，后降(心中对所说的有把握)回答：a.根据实际回答。b.注意翻译，Yes译为“不”，No译为“是的”陈述句中主语用名词，简单疑问句中变为相应的代词(前后时态要一致)陈述句中有否定词hardly,little,few,never,nothing,none,nobody等后面的疑问句用肯定形式。练习：完成下列的反意疑问句Everythingisready,_____________?Somebodycameherejustnow,_____________?Thisisn’tyourbook,_____________?Therearetenboyshere,_____________?Iamastudent,_____________?Hewasreallyunhappy,_____________?Hehasanicepicture,_____________?Hehadbreakfastatseveno’clock,_____________?Imustdoit,_____________?Heisatthecinemanow,_____________?Shehadtogothere,_____________?Youhadbettergohome,_____________?Thereislittlewaterintheglass,_____________?Listentomecarefully,_____________?Don’tlookoutofthewindow,_____________?Let’sgotothepark,_____________?Letuslookatyournewbook,_____________?Shethinksyouareright,_____________?Idon’tthinkyouareright,_____________?LearningEnglishwellishard,_____________?Heisgoingtothefootballmatch,_____________?LiYingdoeswellinEnglish,_____________?Shehasn’tgotaticketfortheexamination,_____________?Therewasapictureonthewalllastterm,_____________?Sophiahadmadegoodprogress,_____________?Theplaneleavesatten,_____________?I’mlate,_____________?Nobodyiswaitingforyou,_____________?Thisisalovelycity,_____________?Lentmeyourbike,_____________?YouhavenolessonsonSaturdayafternoon,_____________?Ourcityhaschangedalotsince1978,_____________?Hedoesn’ttalkmuch,_____________?Thereisaballinhishand,_____________?Theyweresingingwhenyougotthere,_____________?Mikewillbelateforschooltoday,_____________?Theyaren’tgoingtobeteachersinthefuture,_____________?He’sneverbeentotheGreatWall,_____________?Therewerefewpeopleinthisplacehundredsyearsago,_____________?Thereislittleinkinthepen,_____________?Let’shavearest,_____________?Ithinkhewillcomesoon,_____________?Passmethatbook,_____________?Tomdidn’tgototheparkyesterday,didhe?(肯定回答并翻译)LucyisaChinesegirl,isn’tshe?(否定回答并翻译)选择疑问句：一般疑问句+选择部分+or+选择部分特殊疑问句+，选择部分+or+选择部分问句是be，回答用be问句是行为动词，简略回答用助动词,did,do,does见8,9题问句中有助动词，情态动词，答句中用它们相应的词直接回答，不用Yes,No回答语调先升后降练习：将下列各句变为选择疑问句并回答。Heisateacher(astudent).Thisrulerisyours(his).Katewantsthisredapple(thatpear).I’mlookingformypen(Betty’s).Thestudentsvisitedthefarm(thefactory).We’regoingtotheGreatWallthisweek(nextweek).Myteacheroftenhaslunchatschool(athome).Whichisbigger,thesunorthemoon?Whostudieshardest,Tom,JimorLucy?Whosehandwritingisbetter,Lily’sorSusan’s?LinTao’sfathergoestoworkonfoot(bybus).IcansayitinEnglish(inChinese).Wewillreadthesewords(write).We’llwatchTV(gotothecinema).Hewillbehereateight(atnine).否定疑问句：为加强语气，向对方提出建议、邀请、和看法等。译为：难道不……回答与反意疑问句相同。练习：把下列否定疑问句译成汉语。Aren’ttheybeautiful?Yes,theyare.Can’tyouseeI’mabird?No,Ican’t.Don’tyouknowhim?Yes,Ido.Won’tyouhavemorerice?No,Idon’t.Haven’tyoudoneit?Yes,Ihave.Whydon’tyoudoyourhomework?(Whynotdoyourhomework?)Whoisnothere?Whoisn’there?Who’snothere?感叹句：用来表示强烈的感情，表示说话人的惊异、喜悦等情绪。构成：感叹词+感叹部分+主语+谓语+！what感叹名词，how感叹形容词或副词。*What+单、复数名词+主语+谓语+！*How+形容词(副词)+主语+谓语+！感叹名词时，往往省略主语和谓语。译为“多么”，后加“！”号。感叹句中不可有quite,so,too,rather等修饰语。词，词组表示感叹语气。Welldone!干得好！Wonderful!好极了！Great!太好了！练习：将下列各句变为感叹句Itisanicebox.Themanisverygood.Thewatchesareverynew.Theyarebeautifulflowers.Theworkersareworkinghard.Thefactoryissobig.Thechildisveryclever.Thesunshinessobrightly.Wearehavingafineday.Shelooksprettyinreddress.Wehadagoodtimelastweek.Hewasfoolishtothinklikethat.Yourclassroomiscleanandbright.Thisisaverydifficultquestion.Theywerelivingahappylife.用what,how填空______abighorseitis!______bigthehorseis!______newthebooksare!______lovelytheboyis!______wellhestudies!______deliciousmooncakes!______fatthepigsare!______goodstudentstheyare!用两种方法变为感叹句Sheisabeautifulgirl.Therearebigtrees.祈使句：表示请求、命令、劝告。通常省略主语you。有时不去掉you表示厌烦或命令等语气。构成：肯定形式：动词原形+其它.Please+动词原形=动词原形……，please.否定形式：Don’t+动词原形+其它.Pleasedon’t+动词原形=Don’t+动词原形……,please.Letsb.dosth.否定：Don’tletsb.dosth.或Letsb.notdosth.(后面是省略to的不定式)Let’s让我们(包括说话人及对方)否定：Let’snotdo…练习：用所给词的适当形式填空Please_________(open)thedoor._________(look)atthepicture,please._________(notbe)careless._________(be)quiet,please.Please_________(notwatch)TVsomuch,Jim!_________(let)me_________(have)alookatthephoto._________lettheboy_________(go)outatnight.Lettheboy_________(notgo)outatnight.变为否定祈使句Tomissittingonthedesk.Openthewindows,please.Bestandingintherain.Pleasereadthetext.Pleasetakedownthepicture.Lethimhelpyou.Let’splaycomputer.Letusplaycomputer.将you还原到句中以加强语气。Don’tbelateagain!Bequiet!Getoutoftheroom!Don’tmakeanoise!Shutup!倒装句：初中常用的倒装句的形式：完全倒装：Here(There)+谓语+主语(名词)Hereisthebook.部分倒装：Here(There)+主语(代词)+谓语Hereitis.谓语动词由主语决定。完全倒装：Neither(Nor,So)+谓语+主语表示与上文的情况相同。部分倒装：Neither(Nor,So)+主语+谓语表示对上文的赞许、肯定、确定等含义谓语动语多选用与上文