日常交际用语

日常交际用语一、Greetings(问候)1.SituationalExpression〔情景表达法〕A.Goodmorning!早上好！〔用于中午十二点以前。〕B.Goodafternoon!下午好！〔用于中午十二点至下行六点之前。〕C.Goodevening!晚上好！〔用于下午六点至晚上九点。〕D.Hello/Hi!你好！〔相互熟悉的人之间的问候用语，比拟随便，一天中任何时间均可用。〕E.Howareyou?你好吗？〔属于常用一般性问候身体情况用语。〕F.Verywell,thankyou./Fine,thankyou.Andyou?很好，谢谢，你好吗？〔答复“Howareyou”的答语，前者比拟正式，后者随便。〕2.PracticalDialogues(对话实例)A:Howareyou,Tom?B:Fine,thanks.Andyou?A:I’mverywell.Didyouhaveagoodsummerholiday?B:Yes,thankyou.How’sKate?A:She’sOK,thanks.二、Introductions(介绍)1.SituationalExpressions.〔情景表达法〕A.ThisisMr/Mrs/Miss/Comrade…这是……先生/夫人/小姐/同志。〔介绍某人给某人时的习惯用语。〕B.Howdoyoudo?你好。〔初次见面时问候用语，比拟正式。〕C.Nice/Glad/Pleasedtosee/meetyou.见到你很快乐。〔见面时的客气用语。〕D.Mynameis…I’mastudent/worker.我叫……。我是学生/工人/……。〔向人自我介绍的用语。〕2.PracticalDialogues.〔对话实例〕A:Mum,thisismyfriend.B:Howdoyoudo?C:Howdoyoudo?B:What’syourname?C:MynameisKateGreen.B:Nicetomeetyou.Sitdown,please.C:Thankyou.三、Farewells〔辞别〕1.SituationalExpressions〔情景表达法〕A.Ithinkit’stimeforustoleavenow.我想我们该走了。〔一般性辞别用语。〕B.Good-bye/Bye-bye/Bye!再见。〔一般性辞别用语。Bye-bye比Good-bye的语气更轻快、随便，有时显得比拟轻松。〕C.Seeyoulater/tomorrow.Seeyou.Solong.再见。以上为常用辞别用语，答复时只需要重复原话。D.Goodnight!晚安！〔只限于晚上辞别或上床睡觉时用。〕2.PracticalDialogues〔对话实例〕A:Well,I’mafraidwehavetogonow.B:Oh,doyouhaveto?A:Yes,I’mafraidso.It’sgettinglate,andwehavetogetupearlyinthemorning.B:Don’tforgetanything.A:Thanks.Ithinkwehaveeverything.Thankyouforbeingwithus.Weenjoyedourselvesverymuch!B:It’spleasure.Goodnight!四、Makingtelephonecalls.〔打〕1.SituationalExpression〔情景表达法〕A.Hello!MayIspeakto…喂！我可以和……通话吗？〔用于叫对方听的习惯用语。〕B.Isthat…(speaking)?是……吗？〔这是打的用语。在打时，用来询问对方是否要找的接话对象。〕C.Thisis…speaking.我是……。〔在打时，用来作自我介绍的用语。〕D.Holdon,please./Holdtheline,please./Amoment,please.请等一下。He/Sheisn’thererightnow.他/她现在不在。CanItakeamessageforyou?要我替你留个口信吗？E.Icalledtotell/askyou…我打来告诉/问你……。2.PracticalDialogues〔对话实例〕(1)A:Hello!B:Hello!MayIspeaktoJohn?A:I’msorryheisn’thererightnow.CanItakeamessageforyou?B:It’sveryniceofyou.PleaseaskhimtobringmyEnglishbooktoschooltomorrow.A:OK.B:Thanksalot.Bye!A:It’sapleasure.Bye!(2)A:Hello,88067992.B:Hello,couldIspeaktoJack?A:Speaking.B:Hi,Jack..ThisisMikespeaking.A:Hi,Mike!Howareyou?B:Notbad.Wouldyouliketoseeafilmwithme?A:I’dloveto.五、Thanksandresponses.〔感谢和应答〕1.SituationalExpression〔情景表达法〕A.Thankyou(verymuch).Thanksalot.Manythanks.以上均表示“谢谢”之意。B.Thankyoufor…Thanksfor…谢谢……。〔表示为何事感谢对方，介词for后可接名词或接动词+ing形式。〕C.Notatall.That’sallright.That’sOK.It’sallright.以上四个句子大致可译成“不用谢”或“没关系”。一般地说，当对方表示感谢时，这些句子可译成“不用谢”；表示抱歉时，就译成“没关系”。2.PracticalDialogues〔对话实例〕A:Hello,Ann.B:Hi,Jim.A:ThanksforaskingmetothepartylastSunday.Ienjoyeditverymuch.B:Thankyouforcomingandforthebeautifulpresent.A:Notatall.六、Goodwishes,congratulations,responses(祝愿、祝贺和应答)1.SituationalExpressions(情景表达法)A.Goodluck!祝你好运！〔用于希望对方在某方面取得成功，交好运时的祝愿语。〕Bestwishestoyou.向你表示最良好的祝愿。Haveanice/goodtime.祝你快乐。〔表示“祝你玩得愉快”或“祝你过得快乐”。〕Congratulations!祝贺你！〔用于祝贺对方取得成功、交好运的贺语。〕B.Thankyou.C.HappyNewYear!新年快乐！MerryChristmas!圣诞快乐！以上均用于节日贺辞。Happybirthdaytoyou!生日快乐！D.Thesametoyou.祝你也一样。〔用于回敬他人的贺语。〕E.Sayhelloto…向……问好。请向……致意。Pleasegivemybestwishestoher.请转达我对她的祝愿。以上两句均为请对方代自己向第三者问候时用语。F.I’lldothat.我会那样做。〔当对方请你代其转述某人的问候时，你就可以这样说。〕2.PracticalDialogues〔对话实例〕A:Goodmorning,MissZhao!B:Goodmorning,MrsKing!A:HappyTeachers’Day!Herearesomeflowersforyouwithourbestwishes.B:Whatbeautifulflowers!Thankyouverymuch.七、Intentions〔意愿〕1.SituationalExpressions〔情景表达法〕A.I’mgoingto…我就要〔将要〕〔打算〕做……。〔用于表示将要发生的事，常与表示将来的时间状语连用。〕B.I’ll…我将做……C.I’dliketo…我想〔希望〕做……D.Iwant/hope/wishto…我要/希望/想要……2.PracticalDialogues〔对话实例〕A:Whatwouldyouliketodo?B:Iwanttogoshopping.A:CanIgowithyou?B:Certainly.I’mverygladofthat.Youcanhelpmetocarrythethings.A:Whatwouldyouliketobuy?B:Iwanttobuysomefood.八、Apologiesandresponses〔抱歉和应答〕1.SituationalExpressions〔情景表达法〕A.I’msorry.(Sorry.)对不起。〔用于自己犯有过失或做错了事时的抱歉语。〕I’msorryfor/about…我为……向你表示歉意。〔用法同上。〕Excuseme.对不起。〔在麻烦人或自己会打搅人时用。〕Sure.Certainly.或Ofcourse.Pardon.对不起。〔用于询问并要求对方重复原话时使用。〕B.That’sallright.没关系。Itdoesn’tmatter.没关系。Pleaseforgetit.算了吧。以上四句均可答复对方“I’msorry”的歉句。C.That’snothing.2.PracticalDialogues〔对话实例〕A:Excuseme.MayIcomeinplease?IamsorryI’mlate.B:Itdoesn’tmatter.Pleasecomein.Butcometoschoolearliernexttime.九、Regretsandsympathy〔遗憾和同情〕1.SituationalExpressions〔情景表达法〕A.Whatapity!Thatisapity.两个句子均有“真可惜、真遗憾”之意，对别人表示同情时用。2.PracticalDialogues〔对话实例〕T:Who’sondutytoday?S:Iam.T:Iseveryonehere?S:No,Tomisn’there.T:Irememberhewashereyesterday.What’swrong?S:Heisill.Heisnowinhospital.T:I’msorrytohearthat.Shallwegotoseehimafterschool?S:Goodidea.十、Invitationsandresponses〔邀请和和应答〕1.SituationalExpressions〔情景表达法〕A.Willyoucometo…?你会去……吗？Wouldyouliketo…?你愿意……吗？Couldyoucometo…?你可以去……吗？B.What/Howabout…?你认为……怎样呢？C.Yes,I’dloveto…我很乐意……。〔表示很乐意接受别人的邀请等用。〕D.Yes,it’sverykind/niceofyou.好的，你太好了。〔用法大致同上。〕E.I’dloveto…,but…我很乐意……，但……。〔用于谢绝别人的邀请的婉转说法。〕2.PracticalDialogues〔对话实例〕A:Mary,areyoufreethisSundayafternoon?B:Nothingmuch.Why?A:Wouldyouliketocometoourparty?B:OK,thankyou.I’dliketo.WhattimeshallIgo?A:Ourpartywillbeginatabouthalfpastthree.Willyoucomealittleearlier?B:Whataboutaquarterpastthree?A:That’sOK.Pleasecometohelpmegetreadyfortheparty.B:I’llbegladto.十一、Offersandresponses[提供〔帮助等〕和应答]SituationalExpressions〔情景表达法〕Can/MayIhelpyou?我可以帮你吗？WhatcanIdoforyou?我可以帮你做点什么吗？(以上两句是表示给别人提供帮助时用。)B.Here,takethis/my…请把这个〔我的〕……拿去。C.Letme…foryou.让我为你〔做点什么〕。D.Wouldyoulikesome…?你要……吗？〔效劳者用疑问句形式来表示委婉地、礼貌地向对方提供效劳的用语。〕E.Won’tyouhavesome…?你不要些……吗？Whydon’tyouhavesome…?你为啥不要些……呢？以上两句否认疑问句，是效劳者询问是否需要效劳时的说法。F.No,thanks/thankyou.不用，谢谢。Thankyouforyourhelp.多谢你的帮助。Yes,please.谢谢。That’sverykindofyou,but…你真好，但……Thanks.Thatwouldbenice/fine.多谢，那太好了。以上都可用作回敬的答谢用语。PracticalDialogues〔对话实例〕(1)Lucy:Dad,thisbagistoobig.Wecan’tcarryit.Father:OK.Letmehelpyou.There!OK?Lucy:Thanks,Dad.Lily:Dad,thisboxistooheavy.Father:OK,letmehelpyou,too.There!Lily:Thanksforyourhelp,Dad.(2)T:Iwanttotakesomebookstotheclassroom..Couldyouhelpme?S:Certainly.T:Thanks.Let’sputthesebooksinthebox.S:OK.T:Theboxisheavy.Canyoucarryit?S:Yes,Ican.T:Thanksforyourhelp.S:You’rewelcome.十二、Askingforpermissionandresponses〔请求允许和应答〕SituationalExpressions〔情景表达法〕May/Can/CouldI…?我可以……吗？〔用来征求对方意见用，其中用“could”表示“客气”的说法。〕ShallI/we…?我〔我们〕可以……吗？〔常用来征求对方意见，希望对方允许自己做某事，它的语气较婉转。〕Yes./Certainly.Yes,please.Ofcourse(youmay).That’sOK/allright.以上四句均用来答复别人的请求。I’msorry,but…对不起，但……一般用在谢绝别人的请求时。You’dbetternot…你最好不……建议别人不要做某事的用语。PracticalDialogues〔对话实例〕A:Lily,doyouhavearuler?B:Yes,Ido.Butit’sonlyasmallone.A:That’sOK.CanIborrowit,please?B:Certainly.Butpleasegiveitbacksoon.A:OK.Thanks!B:Notatall.十三、Expressingagreementanddisagreement〔表示同意和不同意〕1.SituationalExpressions〔情景表达法〕A.Certainly/Sure/Ofcourse.当然。Yes,please.请吧。Yes,Ithinkso.我想是的。Allright/OK.好的。That’sagoodidea.好主意。Iagree(withyou).我同意……。That’strue.以上各句子均用在表示同意时的答语。B:No,Idon’tthinkso.不，我不这样认为。〔表示谈话者不同意对方的观点。〕Iamafraidnot.恐怕不成。〔一种比拟客气地表示不同意对方意见的方式。〕Ireallycan’tagreewithyou.我真的不能同意。2.PracticalDialogues〔对话实例〕A:Ithinkforeignlanguagesaremoreinterestingthanscience.B:Ireallycan’tagreewithyou.Ipreferscience.A:Ithinkforeignlanguagesareasdifficultassciencesubjects.B:Idon’tagree.Ithinkforeignlanguagesaremucheasier.A:Idon’tthinkso.IthinkChineseismorepopularthananyothersubject.B:Iagreewithyou.十四、Expressingcertaintyanduncertainty〔表示肯定和不肯定〕SituationalExpressions〔情景表达法〕I’msure.我肯定。I’msurethat…〔用于表示肯定的句子中。〕I’mnotsure.我不敢肯定。I’mnotsurewhether/if…我不知道是否……Maybe/Perhaps…也许……〔用在表示没有把握的句子中。〕PracticalDialogues〔对话实例〕Jim:Where’sLiLei?Bill:Heisnothere.Hehastostayathome.Jim:Why?Bill:I’mnotsure.IthinkmaybehehastohelphisDadinthegarden.Jim:Willhecometomorrow?Bill:He’llcomeifhecan.十五、 Likeanddislike〔喜好和厌恶〕SituationalExpressions〔情景表达法〕Ilike/love…(verymuch)我〔很〕喜欢……Ilike/loveto…我喜欢〔做〕……Idon’tliketo…我不喜欢〔做〕……Ihate(to)…我讨厌〔做〕……PracticalDialogues〔对话实例〕A:Idon’tlikesummerbecauseit’stoohot.B:Iloveautumnbecauseit’sniceandcool.A:We’regoingtowatchafootballgame.Wouldyouliketocome,too?B:I’dloveto!十六、Talkingabouttheweather〔谈论天气〕SituationalExpressions〔情景表达法〕What’stheweatherliketoday?今天天气怎么样？How’stheweatherinsummer?夏天天气怎么样？Howistheweathertoday?今天的天气怎样？Howdoyouliketheweatherhere?你觉得这儿天气怎样呢？It’sfine/cloudy/windy/rainy,etc.天气晴朗〔多云，有风，下雨〕……It’sratherwarm/cold/hot/etc.today,isn’tit?今天相当暖〔冷，热〕，是吗？PracticalDialogues〔对话实例〕A:What’stheweatherlikeinLondoninsummer?B:It’snice.It’snotveryhot.A:Howaboutspring?Doesitoftenrain?B:Yes,itdoes.A:What’stheweatherlikeinautumn,then?B:It’scoolinSeptemberandOctober.ButitiscoldinNovember.A:Doesitsnowinwinter?B:Oh,yes,itdoes.十七、Shopping〔购物〕SituationalExpressions〔情景表达法〕WhatcanIdoforyou?May/CanIhelpyou?以上两句意思大致是“你要〔买〕点什么？”常用在商店购物或到图书馆借书时售货员或效劳员的用语。Iwant/I’dlike…我要……〔用于向店主或效劳员说明自己所要的东西。〕Howmuchisit?多少钱？〔购物问价用语。〕That’stoomuch/expensive,I’mafraid.我想太贵了点吧。That’sfine,I’lltakeit.好的，我买了。〔购物时常用“I’lltakeit”,这儿的“take”是买的意思。〕Letmehave…kilo/box,etc.我买……公斤/箱……Howmany/muchdoyouwant?你要多少？Whatcolour/size/kind/doyouwant?你要什么颜色/尺码/种类？Doyouhaveanyotherkind/size/colour?还有别的种类/尺码/颜色……吗？PracticalDialogues〔对话实例〕A:WhatcanIdoforyou?B:Iwantanewskirt,please.A:Whataboutthisone?B:Howmuchisit?A:Fiftyyuan.B:That’stooexpensive,I’mafraid.A:Here’sacheapone.It’sonlyfortyyuan.B:OK.I’lltakeit.Hereisthemoney.A:Allright.Thankyou.十八、Askingthewayandresponses〔问路与应答〕SituationalExpressions〔情景表达法〕Excuseme.Where’sthemen’s/ladies’room?请问男/女厕所在哪儿？Excuseme.Canyoutellmethewayto…?打搅了，你能告诉我到……的路吗？HowcanIgetto…?Idon’tknowtheway.我怎样去……呢？我不认识路。Godownthisstreet.顺着这条街往前走。Turnright/leftatthefirst/secondcrossing.到第一/二条十字路口再往右/左拐。It’sabout…metresfromhere.离这儿大约……米。PracticalDialogues〔对话实例〕A:Excuseme.Canyoutellmethewaytothepostoffice,please?B:I’msorry,Idon’tknow.A:Thankyouallthesame.A:Excuseme.Whereisthepostoffice,please?C:Goalongthisstreet,andtakethesecondturningontheright.You’llfinditinfrontofyou.A:Thanksalot.C:You’rewelcome.十九、Askingthetimeordateandresponses〔问时间或日期和应答〕1.SituationalExpressions〔情景表达法〕A.Whatdayis(it)today?今天星期几？〔用于问星期几〕What’sthedatetoday?今天是几月几号？〔用于问日期〕Whattimeisit?什么时间？〔用于问时间〕What’sthetime,please?几点了？〔用于问时间〕It’sMonday/Tuesday.今天是星期一/二。It’sJanuary10th.今天是一月十号。It’sfiveo’clock/halfpastfive/aquartertofive/fivethirty,etc.五点钟〔五点半、差一刻钟是五点、五点半〕。It’stimefor…是……的时候了。2.PracticalDialogues〔对话实例〕A:Excuseme,whatdayisittoday?B:It’sFriday.A:What’sthedatetoday?B:It’sFebruary9th.A:Whattimeisit?B:It’sfiveo’clock.Whydoyouasksomanyquestionsabouttime?A:Doyouremembertherewillbeafootballmatchatsixthisafternoon?B:Oh,yes.Hurryup.二十、Requests〔请求〕1.SituationalExpressions〔情景表达法〕A.Can/Couldyou…forme?你能给我……吗？Will/Wouldyouplease…?请你〔做〕……好吗？MayIhave…?我可以要……吗？Pleasegive/passme…请给〔递给〕我……Pleasewaithere/amoment.请在这儿等一下〔等一会儿〕。Pleasewait(for)yourturn..请等着轮候吧。Pleasestandinline/lineup.请排队。Pleasehurry.请快些。Nonoise,please.请别吵。Nosmoking,please.请勿吸烟。2.PracticalDialogues〔对话实例〕A:Couldyouhelpme,please?B:What’swrong?A:Mybikeisbroken.Canyoumenditforme?B:Yes,Ican.Letmehavealook.It’sOKnow.A:Great!Thankyouverymuch.B:Notatall.二十一、Adviceandsuggestions(劝告和建议)1.SituationalExpressions〔情景表达法〕A.You’dbetter…你最好〔做〕……〔通常建议别人去做某事时用。〕Youshould…你应该〔做〕……〔用法同上。〕Youneed(to)…你需要去〔做〕……〔用于劝告某人做某事。〕Shallwe…?做……好吗？Let’s…让我们〔做〕……吧。〔说话者建议与对方共同做某事。〕What/Howabout…?你认为……好吗？2.PracticalDialogues〔对话实例〕A:Myshoesarewornout.B:Can’ttheybemended?A:No,lookattheseholes.B:You’dbetterbuyanewpair,then..A:Yes,youareright.二十二、Prohibitionandwarnings(禁止和警告)1.SituationalExpressions〔情景表达法〕A:Youcan’t/mustn’t…你不能〔不必、不准〕〔做〕……〔用于禁止某人做某事。〕Ifyou…,you’ll…如果你……，就得〔做〕……〔一般用于禁止或劝告某人做某事。〕Takecare!Becareful!Lookout!以上三句均有“小心”之意，常用来提醒某人。Danger!危险！除以上所列到的句型外，还可用以下几种句型来表示“禁止”或“警告”：(1)Besureyoudon’t…(2)Besurenotto…(3)You’dbetternot…(4)Ifyou…,you’ll/I’ll…(5)Ifyoudothatagain,I’ll/you’ll…(6)Ifyoudon’twantto,you’dbetter…2.PracticalDialogues〔对话实例〕A:Youmustbemorecareful!Thatcarnearlyhityou.B:Iwantedtogetmyball.A:Well,youmustn’tplayontheroad.It’stoodangerous.Acarmayhityou.B:Oh,thanks.二十三、Expressingcertainemotions〔表示感情〕1.SituationalExpressions〔情景表达法〕(1)Pleasure〔喜悦〕A.I’mglad/pleased/happyto…我很快乐〔做〕……That’snice.That’swonderful/great.以上两句均有“太好〔太棒、太精彩〕了”之意。(2)Anxiety〔焦虑〕A.What’swrong?What’sthematter(withyou)?以上两句是“怎么回事？”或“你怎么啦？”之意。B.I’m/He’s/She’sworried.我〔他、她〕很忧虑。Oh,whatshallI/wedo?哦，我〔我们〕怎么办呢？〔在忧虑的环境中提出意见时用。〕(3)Surprise〔惊奇〕A.Really?真的吗？Oh,dear!天哪！Isthatso?是吗？以上用于惊奇的环境中所发出的惊呼声。2.PracticalDialogues〔对话实例〕A:Kate!It’slate!Whyareyoustillinbed?Ifyoudon’tgosoon,youwillbelate.B:Mum,Idon’tfeelverywell.A:Oh,dear!What’swrongwithyou?B:Idon’tknow.Idon’tfeelwell.A:Really?Ifyouareill,youmustgoandseethedoctor.B:CanIhavesomebreakfastfirst?A:No,youmustn’teatanythinguntilyouseethedoctor.B:Mum!Ifeelalittlebetternow.二十四、Takingmeals〔就餐〕1.SituationalExpressions〔情景表达法〕A.Whatwouldyouliketoeat/drink?你想吃〔喝〕点什么？Wouldyoulikesomethingtoeat/drink?你喜欢吃〔喝〕……吗？以上两句是效劳员执行顾客用语。B.I’dlike…我想〔要〕……〔顾客向效劳员提出所要的东西时用。〕C.Wouldyoulikesomemore…?你再要些……好吗？Helpyourselftosome…请吃些……〔请客时可常用这句话。〕D.Thankyou.I’vehadenough/justalittle,please.谢谢，够了〔只要一点点。〕2.PracticalDialogues〔对话实例〕A.:Wouldyoulikesomethingtodrink?Whataboutaglassofmilk?B:No,thanks.IthinkI’dlikeabottleoforangejuice.Whataboutyou?A:I’dlikeacupoftea.Whataboutsomethingtoeat?B:Somecakes,please.A:OK.Helpyourselftosomecakes.B:Thankyou.二十五、Makingappointments〔约会〕1.SituationalExpressions〔情景表达法〕A.Areyoufreethisafternoon/evening?今天下午〔晚上〕你有空吗？Howabouttomorrowmorning/evening?Shallwemeetat4:30at…?我们四时三十分在……见面好吗？以上三句在约会前常用。B.Yes,that’sallright.好吧。〔用于约会时的应诺。〕Yes,I’llbefreethen.是的，那时我有空。〔用于约会时的应诺。〕C.No,Iwon’tbefreethen.ButI’llbefree…不，我那时没空，但……时我有空。D.Allright.Seeyouthen.好吧，到时候再见。2.PracticalDialogues〔对话实例〕A:AreyoufreethisSunday?B:Yes,Ithinkso.A:Shallwegotothepark?B:ButI’vebeentheretwice.A:Whataboutgoingtothezoo?B:Goodidea.A:Whenshallwemeet?B:Let’smakeithalfpasttwo.A:OK.Seeyouthen.Bye.B:Bye.二十六、Passingonamessage〔传递信息〕1.SituationalExpressions〔情景表达法〕A.Wouldyoupleasegivethisnote/messageto…?你能否给……带这张条子〔这个口信〕？这句话通常用于要求对方帮助传递信息或捎带口信时用。…askedmetogiveyouthisnote/message.……要〔让〕我给你这张条子。B.Thanksforthemessage.谢谢你告诉我。〔感谢传递者的帮助时用。〕2.PracticalDialogues〔对话实例〕A:Yourteacheraskedmetogiveyouamessage.B:Whatdoesshesay?A:Shesaysthatshewillleaveamessageontheheadmaster’sdesk.B:Thanks.二十七、Seeingadoctor〔看病〕1.SituationalExpressions〔情景表达法〕A.There’ssome