虚拟语气与强调句型讲义

虚拟语气虚拟语气表示动作或状态是说话人的主观愿望、假设、猜测或建议，而不表示客观存在的事实。虚拟语气通过谓语动词的特殊形式来表示。主要用于条件句、让步状语从句和表示建议的名词性从句中。（一）与事实相反的假设1.虚拟条件句谓语动词的构成形式：条件状语从句（if）（以do为例）主句与现在事实相反did(be→were)would/should/could/mightdo与过去事实相反haddonewould/should/could/mighthavedone与将来事实相反A：did（were）B：weretodoC：shoulddowould/should/could/mightdo例如：IfIwereyou,IshouldstudyEnglish.Ifyouhadtakenmyadvice,youwouldn’thavefailedintheexamination.Ifitweretoraintomorrow,themeetingwouldbeputoff.2.当条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时，动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间来调整。例如：Ifyouhadworkedhard,youwouldn’tbeverytirednow.(从句说的是过去，主句指的是现在)3.条件句中省略if，把were,had,should提到句首，形成倒装。例如：WereIinschoolagain,Iwouldworkharder.Hadyoubeenhereearlier,youwouldhaveseenhim.Shouldtherebeameetingtomorrow,Iwouldcome.4其它方式表示。(1)虚拟语气在asif(asthough)、evenif(eventhough)等引导的表语从句或状语从句中的应用如果从句表示的动作发生在过去，用过去完成时，指现在状况，则用过去时，指将来则用过去将来时。例如：HespeaksEnglishsofluentlyasifhehadstudiedEnglishinEngland.Evenifhewerehere,hecouldnotsolvetheproblem.(2)Butforyourhelp(withoutyourhelp),Iwouldhavefailed.(3)IamgladIstudied.Otherwise,Iwouldhavefailed.针对练习1.Butfortheirhelp,we__________theprogramintime.A.cannotfinishB.willnotfinishC.hadnotfinished D.couldnothavefinished2.Ifitwerenotforthefactthatshe_______sing,Iwouldinvitehertotheparty.A.couldn'tB.shouldn'tC.can'tD.mightnot3.Ifshe_______sing,Iwouldinvitehertotheparty.A.couldB.shouldC.canD.might4.Ididn'tseeyoursisteratthemeeting.Ifshe______,shewouldhavemetmybrother.A.hascome B.didcomeC.came D.hadcome5.—Ifhe________,he_______thatfood.—Luckilyhewassenttothehospitalimmediately.A.waswarned;wouldnottakeB.hadbeenwarned;wouldnothavetakenC.wouldbewarned;hadnottakenD.wouldhavebeenwarned;hadnottaken6.Thoughthegirlhadbeensufferingfromtheblooddisease,sheactedasifnothing____toherwhilefacingherfriendsandrelations.A.happenedB.wouldhappenC.washappenedD.hadhappened7.Ifit________sohard，we’dgototown.A.isn’trainingB.weren’trainingC.doesn’trainD.hasrain8._____itraintomorrow,wewouldhavetoputoffthevisittotheYangpuBridge

A.WereB.ShouldC.WouldD.Will（二）主观愿望或祝愿1.“wish+宾语从句”表示不能实现的愿望。表示现在不能实现的愿望，从句的谓语动词用did(be→were)；表示过去不能实现的愿望时用haddone或could/would+havedone；表示将来不能实现的愿望用would/coulddo。例如：Iwishitwerespringalltheyearround.Iwishyoucouldgowithus.Wewishwehadarrivedtheretwohoursearlier.2.ifonly…要是…就好了，如：IfonlyIcouldflylikeaneagle.IfonlyIhadcarriedoutmypromise.3.注意→wouldrather+宾语从句表示一种主观愿望。例如：Iwouldratheryoucametomypartytomorrow.Iwouldratheryouhadnotgonethere.针对练习1.—Doyoumindifwesetoutearliertomorrowmorning?—Well,I’dratheryou____.A.don’t B.didn’t C.won’t D.wouldn’t2.—I____toyourbirthdaypartylastSunday.—Unfortunately,youwereoutonbusiness.A.hadcomeB.cameC.wouldcomeD.wouldhavecome3.LookatthetroubleIamin!IfonlyI________youradvice.A.followed B.wouldfollowC.hadfollowed D.shouldfollow4.Ifonlyhe____quietlyasthedoctorinstructed,hewouldnotsuffersomuchnow.

A.liesB.layC.hadlainD.shouldlie5.HowIwisheveryfamily____alargehousewithabeautifulgarden.

A.hasB.hadC.willhaveD.hadhad6.---Yourauntinvitesyoutothemoviestoday

---Ihadrathershe____metomorrowthantoday

A.tellsB.toldC.wouldtellD.hadtold7.Iwishthatyou___suchabadheadachebecauseIamsurethatyouwouldhaveenjoyedtheconcert

A.hadnot B.didnothavehad C.hadn’thad D.hadn’thave8.HowIwishI____torepairthewatch!Ionlymadeitworse

A.hadtried B.hadn’ttried C.havetried D.didn’ttry（三）建议1.Itis(high)time(that)…“（现在）该……”句型中，从句中的动词用虚拟语气，其形式为动词的过去式或should+do，如：Itis(high/about)time(that)wewent/shouldgotobed.2.important/necessary/advisable/desirable/natural/vital/essential/significant/urgent等形容词，以it为形式主语或形式宾语所引导的从句中的谓语用虚拟语气，其形式为should+do或省略do的动词原形。如：Itisimportantthatwe(should)protectwildanimals.Wefounditnecessarythateverybody(should)bepresentatthemeetingontime.3.在command、demand、desire、insist、order、propose、request、require、suggest（建议）、advise、recommend等表示建议的动词以及相应的各种名词性从句中，从句中的谓语用虚拟语气，其形式为“(should)+do”或省略should用动词原形。例如：Weinsistedthatthey(should)gowithus.Thedoctororderedthatthey(should)stayinbedforafewdays.注意→①当insist意为“坚持认为”时宾语从句用陈述语气。当insist意为“坚决要求”时宾语从句用虚拟语气。例如：Mikeinsistedthathehadneverstolenanything.②suggest作“暗示”讲用真实时态，如：Thewhitelookonhisfacesuggestedthathewasill.针对练习1.It’shightimethatwestudents_____evenharderatourlessonsasthenationalentranceexaminationiscomingnearer.A.workB.willworkC.workedD.havetowork2.____himnottodoso,hewouldn’thavemadesuchaseriousmistake.A.DidIpersuadeB.IfIpersuadeC.IfIshouldpersuadeD.HadIpersuade3.Hissuggestionthatyou____oncemoresoundsreasonable.A.tryB.triedC.musttryD.cantry4.Sheinsistedthatshe________illofhimbehindhim，buthedidn’tbelieveit.A.hadn’tspokenB.shouldn’tspeakC.wouldn’tspeakD.notspeak5.ItishardformetoimaginewhatIwouldbedoingtodayifI________inlove，attheageofseven，withtheMelindaCoxLibraryinmyhometown.A.wouldn’thavefallenB.hadnotfallenC.shouldfallD.weretofall6.Iinsisted_____toseeadoctor,butheinsistednothing___wrongwithhim

A.onhimtogo;shouldbeB.hewent;beC.hego;wasD.heshouldto;is7.He____busyyesterday,orhe___youwithyourexperiment.

A.was,hadhelpedB.was,wouldhavehelped C.hadbeen,wouldhavehelped D.were,wouldhavehelped8.Itwasrequestedthattheplay____again

A.shouldputon B.wouldputon C.beputon D.puton综合练习1.Ifhe____mehistelephonenumberyesterday,I____abletoringhimupnow.

A.told;wouldbe

B.hadtold;wouldbe

C.hadtold;wouldhavebeen

D.told;am2.IfI____you,I____toAustraliawithMr.Smith.A.hadbeen;wouldgo

B.were;hadgone

C.were;wouldhavegone

D.am;willgo3.Ourmonitorwasabsent.OtherwiseI____thechair.A.wouldnottake

B.didn'ttake

C.hadn'ttaken

D.wouldn'thavetaken4.—Theexperimenthasfailed!—Isuggestthatyou____again.A.try

B.trying

C.willtry

D.wouldtry5.Hissilenceatthemeetingsuggestedthathe____toyourplan.A.didn'tagree

B.hadn'tagreed

C.wouldn'tagree

D.notagree6.Themanagerwasangryandorderedthatthiswork____tomorrow.

A.befinished

B.finish

C.wasfinished

D.wouldfinish7.

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13.Histiredfacesuggestedthathe________reallytiredafterthelongwalk.A.hadbeenB.wasC.beD.shouldbe14.Itisimportantthatwe________.thewindowbeforeweleaveA.shallcloseB.willcloseC.mustcloseD.close15.Tenminutesearlier,they___theplane.A.willcatchB.wouldcatchC.wouldhavecaughtD.willhavecaught强调句型一、强调句型结构（一）用Itis／was…that／who…句型表示强调。被强调的部分（通常是句子的主语、状语、宾语或宾语补足语）放在is／was的后面，如被强调的是人，则后面可用who，whom等代替。Hemetanoldfriendintheparkyesterday.强调主语：强调宾语：强调时间状语：强调地点状语：（二）谓语动词的强调1、Itis/was…that…结构不能强调谓语，如果需要强调谓语时，用助动词do/does或did。e.g.Hedidwritetoyoulastweek. Dobecarefulwhenyoucrossthestreet.2、注意：此种强调只用do/does和did，没有别的形式；过去时用did，后面的谓语动词用原形。（三）疑问句的强调结构：一般疑问句：Is/Was+it+that+句子的其他部分（陈述语序）。简单的答语为：“Yes,itis/was.”或“No,itisn’t/wasn’t.”(1)----Was____thatIsawlastnightattheconcert?----No,itwasn’t.A.ityouB.notyouC.youD.thatyourself(2)----"Wasn'titDrWangwhospoketoyoujustnow?-----_______.A.Ididn'tknowhewas.B.Yes,itwas.C.No,hewasn't.D.Yes,hedid.(3)Wasitin1969________theAmericanastronautsucceeded________landingonthemoon?A.when;onB.that;onC.when;inD.that;in特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+is/was+it+that+句子的其他部分（陈述语序）。e.g.:Wheredidyouseehercellphoneyesterday?àWherewasitthatyousawhercellphoneyesterday?(强调特殊疑问词where）

Howwillyougotovisithertomorrow?àHowisitthatyouwillgotovisithertomorrow?（强调特殊疑问词how）(4)Ireallydon’tknow_____Ihadmymoneystolen.AwhereisitthatBwhenitisthatCwhereitwasthatDitwaswherethat(5)____findmywallet,Tom?A.WheredidyouthatB.WherewasityouC.WherehaveyouD.Wherewasitthatyou(6).Wherewasit________youfoundthelostchild?A.whoB.thatC.whichD.what（四）not…until…句型的强调句 1、句型为：Itis/wasnotuntil+被强调部分+that+其它部分 e.g.普通句：Hedidn’tgotobeduntil/tillhiswifecameback.强调句：Itwasnotuntilhiswifecamebackthathewenttobed. 2、注意：此句型只用until，不用till。但如果不是强调句型，till,until可通用；因为句型中Itis/wasnot…已经是否定句了，that后面的从句要用肯定句，切勿再用否定句了。(五)有时也可用Itmightbe…that…;Itmusthavebeen…that…句型表示强调。如:Itmightbehisfatherthatyou’rethinkingof.Itmustbehisfatherthatyousaw.二、强调句型的判断把“It,be，that”去掉，如果剩余部分句子结构仍然完整（被强调部分要还原到原位置），那么这个句子就是强调句；如果句子不完整，则不是强调句。如：（1）①Itishewho/thatoftenhelpsmewithmyEnglish.②Itisonthehillsidethatweplanttreeseveryyear.③Itwasbecauseofbadweatherthatthefootballmatchhadtobeputoff.④Itwas9o'clockwhenwecameback．⑤Itwas3hourssincewehadcomeback．（2）①Itwasatthetheatre_________Lincolnwasmurdered.

Itwasthetheatre_________Lincolnwasmurdered.A.whichB.thatC.whereD.theone②Itwasourteacher________didtheexperimentinthelablastnight.A.whomB.thatC.whichD.where③Itwastenyearsago________MissGaoreturnedtoChina.A.thatB.whenC.sinceD.as④Itwas________hesaid______disappointedme.A.what;thatB.that;thatC.what;whatD.that;what⑤Itwasforthisreason________herunclemovedoutofNewYorkandsettleddowninasmallvillage.A.whichB.whyC.thatD.how三、强调句型几注意首先，我们按强调句的语序来总结强调句的五项注意：1.句首词用“It”，不能用“This”，“That”等。2.be动词的形式是is或was，不能用复数形式are或were。若原句的谓语动词用了现在时或将来时，则用is;若原句的谓语动词用了过去时或过去完成时，则用was.（1)It___theChinesewomenthat___agreatroleinthesocialistconstruction.

Ais;playsBare;playCis;playDare;plays（2)___alltheseexercises____allofuscandotomorrow.

A.Itis;thatB.Itwas;thatCTheyare;whichDItwillbe;that3.被强调的部分如果是代词，强调主语用主格，强调宾语用宾格。如：（1）Itishimthat/who/whomImetinthestreetyesterday.（2）ItisIwho/thatamwrong.4.连接词一般用that，当强调部分是人时，既可用that也可用who.特别注意当强调部分是时间状语或地点状语时，不能用when或where。Eg:ItwasonOct1st,1949thatPeople’sRepublicofChinawasfounded.Itwasatthegate________hetoldmethenews.A.thatB.whatC.whichD.when5.主谓一致问题被强调的主语要和that后面的谓语动词在数上保持一致。（1）ItisMarywhooften_____(help)mewithmyEnglish.（2）ItisIthat____(be)againstyou.（3）ItistheboystudentsofClassTwowho___(be)playingfootballontheplayground.（4）ItisMrGreen,togetherwithhiswifeandchildren,that____inChinanow.AareBisCwasDwere(5)Itwasneitheryounorhethat___toblameforthemistake.6.not…until结构的强调：强调“not…until”引导的时间状语时，要用“itis/wasnotuntil…that…”结构,，that后面的句子要用肯定式，且须用陈述句语序。Eg:Wedidnotgetoffthebusuntilitstopped.àItwasnotuntilitstoppedthatwegotoffthebus.(注意：强调该结构时notuntil不能分开)(1)Itwasnotuntil1920___regularradiobroadcastbegan.A.whileB.whichC.thatD.since(2)Itwasnot____shetookoffherdarkglasses____Irealizedshewasafamousfilmstar.A.when;thatB.until;thatC.until;whenD.when;then(3)Itwas________backhomeaftertheexperiment.A.notuntilmidnightdidhegoB.untilmidnightthathedidn'tgoC.notuntilmidnightthathewentD.untilmidnightwhenhedidn'tgo（4）Itwasnotuntil________that________topreparehislessons.A.didhisfathercomein;theboybeganB.hisfathercamein;theboybeganC.didhisfathercomein;didtheboybeginD.hisfathercameindidtheboybegin7.强调时间状语和地点状语时与定语从句的区别：

(1)Itwasonthefarmthatwepractisedplantingcrops.Itwasthefarmwherewelearnedalot.(2)ItwasatthestreetcornerthatImetLucyyesterday.ItwasthestreetcornerwhereImetLucyyesterday.(3)Wasitinthispalace________thelastemperordied?A.thatB.inwhichC.inwhereD.which8.强调句型与主语从句的区别：强调句型可以还原成正常语序的句子，也就是说，强调句型中去掉Itbe…that后，句子仍然通顺，意义也依然完整，只是没有那么强调突出。而含主语从句的复合句中的it是指示代词，后面多为系表结构或被动语态。如果去掉Itbe…that，句子就不通顺了。如：Itiscertainthatheishonestandmodest.ItisknowntoallthatpaperwasmadefirstinChina.【考点定位】本题考查强调句型和名词性从句。考点1、强调部分从短语向句子过渡。Itiswhatyoudoratherthanwhatyousay________matters.A.thatB.whatC.whichD.this考点2、强调句从肯定句向否定句、一般疑问句和特殊疑问句过渡。强调句的否定句形式为：Itis/wasnot+被强调部分+that/who...强调句的一般疑问句形式为：Is/Wasit+被强调部分+that/who...?强调句的特殊疑问句形式为：疑问词+is/wasit+that/who...?—________thathemanagedtogettheinformation?—Oh,afriendofhishelpedhim.A.WherewasitB.WhatwasitC.HowwasitD.Whywasit考点3、从考查单一的强调句到把强调句置于从句中，增加判断句子的难度。Davidsaidthatitwasbecauseofhisstronginterestinliterature________hechosethecourse.A.thatB.whatC.whyD.how考点4、干扰因素增多，增加了与其它相似句型的辨析，尤其是it开头的句子。考查强调句与非强调句的辨别1.设置陷阱，使考生将强调句误判为非强调句。如：ItmighthavebeenJohn______boughtapresentforMaryyesterday.A.thatB.whenC.whatD.which2.设置陷阱，使考生将非强调句误判为强调句。如：ItwaseveningwereachedthelittletownofWinchester.A.that B.until C.since D.before针对练习1.____wasJanethatIsawinthelibrarythismorning.A.ItB.HeC.SheD.That2.whenwasityoucalledmeyesterday?A.untilB.thatC.thenD.so3.ItwasonOctober1st____newChinawasfounded.A.whichB.whenC.asD.that4.Wasitbecausehewasill____heaskedforleave?A.andB.thatC.that’sD.so5.Itisimaginationmakestheworldcolorful,fullofvigorand