七选五的标准解题流程及思路分析讲义-高三英语二轮复习

七选五的标准解题流程及思路分析(上)●七选五的解题基本思路:内容对应+语句功能●七选五的具体解题思路:相邻句与选项关键信息的对应;名词有相关内容或重复;代词有明确指代对象;形容词感情色彩一致;动词时态一致顺序合理;连词作为标志,体现并列因果转折的逻辑关系;段首句总括与承上启下,段中句连接前后细节;两个排除选项必须有明确依据。●题目展示:Passage1Akiln(窑)isatypeofovenorfurnaceusedtocure，harden，orburncertainmaterials.Dependingonwhichmaterialsareheatedinit，akilnmaybesquare，tunnelshaped，orbeehiveshaped，andusuallymadeofbrickorstone._________(71)Itmaybesetaslowassixtyfivedegreestocuregrainorashighas3,200degreestotransformlimestone(右灰石)toquicklime(熟石灰).____________(72)Theyhaveavarietyofpurposes.Thecement(水泥)industryusesrevolvingkilnstohatandseparaterawmaterials,Bricks，pottery，andchinamadefromclaymustbefiredorhardenedinkilns.Certainkindsofcoalandwoodmustbekilndriedbeforetheycanbeused.Hobbyistsusesmallkilnstofireavarietyofceramic(陶瓷)objects.Therearetwomaintypesofkilns.Aperiodickiln,usedtofirecertainkindsofdelicatechina,israisedtoahightemperatureandthenpletelycooledbeforeitscontentsareremoved.Acontinuous,ortunnelkilncontainsseveralchambers,orzones,whichheat,bake,andcoolaproduct.Stacksofclaybricksmovethroughatunnelkilnontracks.________(73)Gas,oil,andcoalareallusedtoheatmodernkilns.________(74)Butforspecialjobs,wherecleanlinessandcarefulheatareimportant,kilnsmustbeheatedbyelectricityoventhoughitismoreexpensive.|Smallkilnsusedinthehomeorincraftshopsarealsoheatedelectricallybecauseelectricityiscleanandconvenient.___________(75)Whenancientpeoplediscoveredthatheathardenedsomematerials，theywereabletomakedurablehouseholdobjectssuchasjugsandbowls.Todayourmuseumsdisplaymanykindsofancientstatuesandartobjectsthathavelastedbecausetheyhadbeenkilndried.TheyefromlandsasfarapartasChinaandGreece.A.ltstemperaturemayvary.B.Thentheyeout,hardened,andcooled.C.Kilnsareusedinindustryandincraftmaking.D.Kilnshavebeeninuseforthousandsofyears.E.Anelectrickilnisaheatingchamberusedtotransformmaterials.F.Mostmanufacturersusewhichevermaterialischeapestintheirarea.eG.Clay,whenheatedproperly,beeshardenoughtoformbowlsandplates.●题型位置及内容分析▲71题段中位置:连接前后细节Dependingonwhichmaterialsareheatedinit,akilnmaybesquare,tunnelshaped,orbeehiveshaped,andusuallymadeofbrickorstone._________(71)Itmaybesetaslowassixtyfivedegreestocuregrainorashighas3,200degreestotransformlimestone(右灰石)toquicklime(熟石灰).内容判断:71前:材料/形状71后:温度▲72题段首句:总括与承上启下____________(72)Theyhaveavarietyofpurposes.内容判断:72后:用途；代词they复数名词▲73题段尾句:看前一句Stacksofclaybricksmovethroughatunnelkilnontracks.________(73)内容判断:73前:动作;后应该加动作▲74题段中位置:连接前后细节Gas,oil,andcoalareallusedtoheatmodernkilns.________(74)Butforspecialjobs,wherecleanlinessandcarefulheatareimportant,kilnsmustbeheatedbyelectricityoventhoughitismoreexpensive.内容判断:74前:气油煤+加热;后电加热+更贵+转折▲75题段首句:总括与承上启下_____________(75)Whenancientpeoplediscoveredthatheathardenedsomematerials，theywereabletomakedurablehouseholdobjectssuchasjugsandbowls.Todayourmuseumsdisplaymanykindsofancientstatuesandartobjectsthathavelastedbecausetheyhadbeenkilndried.TheyefromlandsasfarapartasChinaandGreece.内容判断:75后过去时→现在时●选项分析A.ltstemperaturemayvary.温度不同→初步判定放71位置B.Thentheyeout,hardened,andcooled.连续动作→初步判定放73位置C.Kilnsareusedinindustryandincraftmaking.用途→初步判定放72位置D.Kilnshavebeeninuseforthousandsofyears.时间→初步判定放75位置E.Anelectrickilnisaheatingchamberusedtotransformmaterials.对电窑下定义→与电有关只有74题。F.Mostmanufacturersusewhichevermaterialischeapestintheirarea.便宜→与74题的贵形成反义呼应G.Clay,whenheatedproperly,beeshardenoughtoformbowlsandplates.黏土,碗,盘子空格前后没有对应,G排除●判定答案的逻辑●七选五解题建议:1.先看文章,再看选项提高解题效率2.先易后难,缩小选择范围1v1/1v2/1v33.名词内容对应、代词指代明确高频考点4.感情色彩差异、过去现在差异保持一致5.连词体现因果并列转折逻辑关系标志6.段中相邻句关联、段首句总括或过渡●题目展示:Passage2Radarisanelectronicdevicethatdetectsplanes,ships,coastlines,landmarks,andevenstormclouds.Thenameradaresfromthefirstlettersofthewordsradiodirectionandranging.Asthehumaneyeuseslightwavestosee,radar“sees"withradiowaves.Withoutradar,planescouldnotlandsafelyinbadweatherandshipscouldnotmovesafelyinthickfog.____________.(51)Inthe1800sitwasdiscoveredthatradiowavescouldbereflectedfromobjects.Butscientistsdidnotmakegreatadvancesinradarresearchuntilthe1930s,whentheworldwasthreatenedbywar._________(52)Ithasbeenusedwidelyinalmosteveryconflictsincethen.Echoesmakeitpossibleforradartowork.Whenabeamofradiowavesissentout,itstrikesonanobjectandreturnsanecho.Thisechoispickedupbyradarandrecordedonascreensimilartotelevisionscreen.Onthescreenanobserverseesaflash,orablip,thatshowsthedirectionanddistanceoftheobject._________________.(53)Airportcontroltowersuseradartoguideplanesinforsafelandings.Almostalllargeshipsdependonradartopreventcollisionswithicebergsorotherships._____________(54)Weatherforecasters“see"thesize,direction,andspeedofstormsonradarscreens.Astronomerscanevenuseradartomeasureaccuratelythedistancetothemoon.Thus,thedevicehasgeneratedmajoradvancements.____________(55)HugeradarantennashavebeeninstalledallovertheUnitedStates.Theyguardusagainstpossibleenemyattacks.Wehaveballisticmissiles(战略导弹)warningsystemsthatcanalertustoattackswhenmissilesaremorethan1,000milesaway.Otherradarsystemswarnusagainstenemyaircraftandevenspyingspacesatellites.A.Policetrackspeedersinradarequippedcars.B.Thesemeasurementsarenowhighlyaccurate,C.Thedevicecanbeusedinawiderangeoffields.D.ltisthereforeespeciallyvaluabletoshippersandtravelers.E.DuringWorldWarllmanycountriesusedradareffectively.F.Todayradarisusedbymercialairlinersandweatherforecasters.e'G.Strengtheningnationaldefenseisoneofradar'smostimportantfunctions.●题型位置及内容分析▲51题段尾句:看前一句Withoutradar,planescouldnotlandsafelyinbadweatherandshipscouldnotmovesafelyinthickfog.____________.(51)内容判断:51前讲述雷达的作用,根据局部话题一致的道理,51应该继续讲述雷达的作用。▲52题段中位置:连接前后细节Butscientistsdidnotmakegreatadvancesinradarresearchuntilthe1930s,whentheworldwasthreatenedbywar._________(52)Ithasbeenusedwidelyinalmosteveryconflictsincethen.内容判断:52前:描述过去的事情;52后描述现在的情况;52应该用过去时。▲53题段尾句:看前一句Onthescreenanobserverseesaflash,orablip,thatshowsthedirectionanddistanceoftheobject._________________.(53)内容判断:53前讲述雷达的工作方法或原理▲54题段中位置:连接前后细节Almostalllargeshipsdependonradartopreventcollisionswithicebergsorotherships.__________(54)Weatherforecasters“see"thesize,direction,andspeedofstormsonradarscreens.内容判断:54前:大型船只,例子;54后天气预报员,也是例子;54也应该是例子.▲55题段首句:总括与承上启下____________(55)HugeradarantennashavebeeninstalledallovertheUnitedStates.Theyguardusagainstpossibleenemyattacks.Wehaveballisticmissiles(战略导弹)warningsystemsthatcanalertustoattackswhenmissilesaremorethan1,000milesaway.Otherradarsystemswarnusagainstenemyaircraftandevenspyingspacesatellites.内容判断:55后为雷达系统在国防中的具体用途;55应该是总括句。●选项分析Policetrackspeedersinradarequippedcars.本句应该是个例子来说明雷达的作用B.Thesemeasurementsarenowhighlyaccurate.这些测量告诉我们前面必须有几种具体的测量手段或方法C.Thedevicecanbeusedinawiderangeoffields.是个总括句,只能用在55这个位置但内容却没有对应D.ltisthereforeespeciallyvaluabletoshippersandtravelers.it告述我们前面必须有单数名词被它指代;由especially可知,上一句内容上应该讲某东西对谁的作用。E.DuringWorldWarllmanycountriesusedradareffectively.此选项最重要的特征:唯一的一个过去时态F.Todayradarisusedbymercialairlinersandweatherforecasters.雷达作用的过去与现在的对比,文中没有对应G.Strengtheningnationaldefenseisoneofradar'smostimportantfunctions.典型的总括句●判定答案的逻辑七选五的标准解题流程及思路分析下七选五的解题基本思路:内容对应+语句功能解题思路:相邻句与选项关键信息的对应名词有相关内容或重复;代词有明确指代对象;形容词感情色彩一致;动词时态一致顺序合理;连词作为标志,体现并列因果转折的逻辑关系;段首句总括与承上启下,段中句连接前后细节;两个排除选项必须有明确依据。●题目展示:Passage1SleepandTeensBiologyandBehaviorHowmuchsleepdoteensneed?Andhowmuchsleeparetheyrealisticallygetting?Basedoncurrentdata,mostteensneedabout9plushourstohavethebestormostsuitablesleepatnight.________.(51)Manyfactorsbinetodecreasesleepinadolescents.wecanthinkingeneraloftwomajorfactors:biological,thebrainprocessesthatregulatetheamountandtimingofsleep,andbehavior，allthepsychological，parental,societal,culturalfeaturesofateen'slife.__________(52)Thesechangeslaythegroundworkforthebiologicalnighttooccurlaterduringtheteenyearsthanbefore.CircadianRhythms(dailybiologicalclock)seemstoslowdownasyoungpeopleprogressthroughthemiddleschoolyears.Atthesametime,thesleeppressuresystemappearstochangeinawaythatmakesiteasiertostayawakelonger，thoughwithoutchangingtheamountofsleepthatisneeded.Moreover,manyteenshavea“technologicalplayground"intheirbedrooms:television,puterwith24/7Internetaccess,telephones，electronicgamestations,MP3players,andsoforth.Thesetechnologiesprovideinstantandconstantcontactwithpeers.Societalandmediapressuretoconsumethesetechnologiesisnowhigherthanever.Yetsocietyalsorequiresthatteensgotoschoolatatimeofdaythatisatoddswiththeirbiologicalandsociallives.Soweseeteensturntocaffeine,latenightInternetandcramminginactivityafteractivityasameanstokeepawake.__________(53)Problemsemergeforlackofsleep._________.(54)Forsome,gradesbegintosufferastheystruggletokeepawakeduringclassandwhiledoinghomework.Andothersmaysimplyfeelmoody,neverknowinghowtofeelordotheirbest.Worsestill,manyteenssufferfrombothphysicalandmentalillness._____________(55)Theearlierteenscanstartthisgoodsleephabit,theeasieritwillbeforthemtostayhealthy,happyandsmart.●题型位置及内容分析▲51题段尾句:看前一句Basedoncurrentdata,mostteensneedabout9plushourstohavethebestormostsuitablesleepatnight.________.(51)内容判断:51前讲述睡眠时间;注意首段常有转折来提出问题▲52题段首句:总括与承上启下__________(52)Thesechangeslaythegroundworkforthebiologicalnighttooccurlaterduringtheteenyearsthanbefore.内容判断:52后的thesechanges告诉我们52选项中必须涉及改变▲53题段尾句:看前一句Soweseeteensturntocaffeine,latenightInternetandcramminginactivityafteractivityasameanstokeepawake.___________(53)内容判断:53前讲述的是青少年不睡觉,前为负态度后如没有出现转折词也应为负态度的选项.▲54题段中位置:连接前后细节Problemsemergeforlackofsleep._________.(54)Forsome,gradesbegintosufferastheystruggletokeepawakeduringclassandwhiledoinghomework.内容判断:54前:各种问题出现;54后说成绩开始出问题;54应该也是负态度的句子▲55题段首句:总括与承上启下________(55)Theearlierteenscanstartthisgoodsleephabit,theeasieritwillbeforthemtostayhealthy,happyandsmart.内容判断:55后的thisgoodsleephabit告诉我们55选项中必须有好习惯;healthy,happyandsmart告诉我们55也应该是正态度.●选项分析A.Sleepexpertsremendteenskeepconsistentsleepandwakeschedules.专家建议,正态度,考虑放在解决问题处,只有55题有机会B.Teensmayschedulesleeplikeanyotherdailyactivityandmakesleepapriority.优先考虑睡觉本身的逻辑有问题,明显不靠谱C.Thentheyaretrappedintoaterriblesituationwheretheywouldnevergetenoughsleep.连续动作+they+负面态度,初步考虑53或54Thesleepwakebioregulatoryfactorsappeartochangesignificantlyduringadolescence.改变告诉我们D选项可以放到52处E.Someteenagersstruggletowakeupinthemorning,oftenresultinginlateormissedschool.明显的负态度,初步考虑放53或54处F.Teensmaybedriventothingsthatcanwakethemupbecausethey'llfallasleepiftheydonot.中性选项,没有明显的正或负的态度G.However,itisindicatedthatmostteensfallshortofthisgoal,manybyaconsiderableamount.转折+目标+数量,初步判断用在51处●判定答案的逻辑●七选五解题建议:1.先看文章,再看选项提高解题效率2.先易后难,缩小选择范围1v1/1v2/1v33.名词内容对应、代词指代明确高频考点4.感情色彩差异、过去现在差异保持一致5.连词体现因果并列转折逻辑关系标志6.段中相邻句关联、段首句总括或过渡●练一练:题目展示:Passage2VoluntourismVolunteeringtohelppeopleinneedbinedwithtravellingtofarawayplacesisanewtrendinthetravelindustry.ltiscalledvoluntourism.________(71)Theyfinditisthebestwaytogetthebestoftheworld.Recentstatisticsshowthatinthepastfewyearsvoluntourismhasbeenoneofthefastestgrowingareasoftourism.Morethan1.6millionpeoplearoundtheworldarevolunteersinothercountries.Theyhelpbuildschools,assistinhospitalsanddofarmingworkindevelopingcountries.__________.(72)Theykeepintouchwiththeirhostfamiliesaftertheyreturnhome,andmanyreturntovisit.Therearemanyreasonswhypeoplewanttoengageinvoluntourism.Whenpeoplechoosetojoinavoluntourismprogram,theyarejoiningaglobalnetworkofvolunteerswhoarelivingandworkingwithdiverseculturesonprojectsthathaveapositiveeffect.Thevolunteersefromallovertheworld,andtheywillsharethepassionforgivingbackandthedesiretobroadenhorizons.Somestudentsalsoseeitasagapyearafterschool，whileotherssimplywanttotaketimeoutfromajobanddosomethingelse.________(73)However,manyvoluntouristsdonotseevolunteeringaswhatitis.Theythinkitisacheapwayoftravelinganddon'treallywanttogetinvolvedinhardwork.Whilevoluntourismhasbeenaroundforoveracentury,modernvolunteeringstartedwiththePeaceCorps,aprogramthattheUsgovernmentstartedinthe1960s.Fromthenon,voluntourismhasbeemoreandmorepopular.Manyorganizationsstartsimilarprojects.________(74)Andtheyhavehundredsofdifferenttypesofprogramsforpeopletochoosefrominmorethan30developingcountries.Theprogramsrunyearroundandeachvolunteerchooseswhentheywanttostartandthedurationtheywouldliketostayfor.__________(75)Theysaythatifpeoplereallywanttohelpthoseinneed,therearemanyopportunitiesintheirownmunitytodothis.Ontheotherside,volunteersareoftennotskilledenoughforthetasksthattheydo.Travelexpertspointoutthatinsomecasesvoluntouristsareoftentakenadvantageofbytheorganizationthatsetsupthetrips.A.Noteveryoneseesvoluntourisminapositiveway,eB.Someofthemestablishlastingbondswithpeoplethere.C.Andtherearethosewhoareboredandmerelyseekadventure.'D.Mostvoluntourismorganizationsemploypeoplefromsimilarfields.E.Byparticipatinginvoluntourism,theyarecontributingtolocaleconomyF.Peopletraveltoothercountries,learnlanguagesandgainnewexperiences.G.Theyoffervoluntourismtripstosuitpeople'sinterest,experiencelevelorage.●题型位置及内容分析▲71题段中位置:连接前后细节ltiscalledvoluntourism.________(71)Theyfinditisthebestwaytogetthebestoftheworld.内容判断:71必需出现人被they指代;71应该是某种方式▲72题段中