专题05 构词法（讲练）（原卷版）-2024中考英语二轮复习

1/1专题05构词法词类的构成考点主要分布在语法填空中，懂得词类的构成对我们平时学习英语帮助极大。1.（江苏泰州）Beijing,thecapitalofChina,isworld’s________(one)citytohostOlympicGamestwice.【答案】first【解析】句意：中国首都北京是世界上第一个两次举办奥运会的城市。根据“citytohostOlympicGamestwice”可知，此处是指第一个两次举办奥运会的城市，表示顺序用序数词first“第一”。故填first。2.（江苏泰州）Withthe________(develop)ofthesociety,moreandmorepeopledevotetheirenergytocharity.【答案】development【解析】句意：随着社会的发展，越来越多的人将精力投入到慈善事业中。空格位于“the”和“of”之间，用名词形式development“发展”，固定短语withthedevelopmentof“随着……的发展”。故填development。3.（2023·江苏泰州）Audiobooks(有声读物)aresowelcomethatthenumberofthelistenersisincreasing________(rapid).【答案】rapidly【解析】句意：有声读物是如此受欢迎，听众的数量正在增加。此处在句中修饰动词，用副词形式，故填rapidly。（2023·深圳一模）HowmuchdoyouknowaboutWushu?Wushu,alsoknownasmartialarts,isoneoftheearliest___36___(sport)inChina.Itusesbothbodyandbrain.What’smore,Wushuisanoutstandingexampleof___37___(tradition)Chineseculture.Itcanexplain___38___Chinesepeopleunderstandtheworld.Overitslonghistory,Wushu___39___(develop)intoaspecialunityofexercise,self-protectionandart.Asasportand___40___artisticform,WushuwinsgreatpopularityinChina.InShenzhen,someschoolshaveWushuclassesforkids.Everytraining___41___(require)studentstotakeitseriously.Onlybytraininghardcantheybuildup___42___(they)bodiesandmeetthechallengesinthefuture.Asacompetitivesportwithgreatfitnessvalue,Wushuhasspread___43___(wide)acrosstheworld.BruceLeehelpedmakeWushuworld-famous.Thankstohim,theword“kungfu”appearedinmanyforeignlanguagedictionaries.ManyChinesehavesetupWushuschoolsoutsideChina,providingpeople___44___thechancetoexperiencethefantasticsport.DuringtheHangzhouAsianGamesin2023,morepeoplewereable___45___(enjoy)thebeautyofWushu.【答案】36.sports37.traditional38.how39.hasdeveloped40.an41.requires42.their43.widely44.with45.toenjoy37题和43题都是词形变化题37.句意：更重要的是，武术是中国传统文化的杰出代表。此处修饰名词短语Chineseculture，用形容词traditional“传统的”，作定语。故填traditional。43.句意：武术作为一项极具健身价值的竞技体育项目，在世界范围内广泛传播。此处修饰动词hasspread，用副词形式。故填widely。（一）合成法由两个或多个单词连在一起合成一个新词，这种构词法叫作合成法，合成的词叫作合成词。初中阶段最常见的合成词是名词，如：homework作业 notebook笔记本 schoolbag书包 basketball篮球 football足球 playground操场 birthday生日 postcard明信片 weekend周末 bathroom浴室 bedroom卧室 classroom教室fireman消防员 policeman警察 postman邮递员rainbow彩虹 spaceship宇宙飞船 spacesuit宇航服 snowman雪人 gentleman绅士其他常用的合成词：everyday每天的 hard-working努力的 online在线的 outdoors在户外 outside在外面 anybody/anyone任何人 anything任何事（物）anywhere任何地方everybody/everyone每个人 everything所有事（物） everywhere处处 somebody/someone某人something某事（物） somewhere某处nobody没人 nothing没有事（物） nowhere无处（二）派生法由一个词加上前缀或后缀构成一个与原单词意义相近或截然相反的新词叫作派生法。1.前缀：通常变词义，不变词性常用的前缀示例dis-表示否定、相反或相对，可用在动词、名词、形容词前agree同意→disagree不同意appear出现→disappear消失like喜欢→dislike不喜欢advantage优点→disadvantage缺点honest诚实的→dishonest不诚实的un-,im-,in-,ir-,il-表示否定意义，多用于形容词前happy开心的→unhappy不开心的healthy健康的→unhealthy不健康的polite礼貌的→impolite不礼貌的possible可能的→impossible不可能的correct正确的→incorrect不正确的regular规则的→irregular不规则的legal合法的→illegal不合法的re-表示“重新；再”，用在动词前build建造→rebuild重建cycle循环→recycle再循环view观察→review复习2.后缀：通常变词性（1）常用的形容词后缀常用的形容词后缀示例-able(n./v.→adj.)表示“可以……的；显示……性质”accept接受→acceptable可接受的drink喝；饮→drinkable可饮用的comfort舒适→comfortable舒服的fashion时尚→fashionable流行的value价值→valuable宝贵的-ful(n.→adj.)表示“充满……的”beauty美丽→beautiful美丽的cheer快乐→cheerful快乐的success成功→successful成功的harm伤害→harmful有害的-less(n.→adj.)表示“没有……的”care谨慎→careless粗心的home家→homeless无家可归的life生命→lifeless无生命的help帮助→helpless无助的-ous(n.→adj.)表示“有……性质的”danger危险→dangerous危险的fame名声→famous有名的humor幽默→humorous幽默的-y(n.→adj.)表示“有……特征的”cloud云→cloudy多云的rain雨→rainy下雨的health健康→healthy健康的-ly(n.→adj.)表示“有……性质的”friend朋友→friendly友好的love爱→lovely可爱的day一天→daily每天的-ing/-ed(v.→adj.)表示“有……特征的”surprise吃惊→surprising令人吃惊的；surprised感到惊讶的relax放松→relaxing令人轻松的；relaxed放松的，自在的其他形式：-ish,-ive,-en,-ern,-al等fool傻瓜→foolish愚蠢的attract吸引→attractive有吸引力的gold金子→golden金的south南方→southern南方的tradition传统→traditional传统的（2）常用的名词后缀常用的名词后缀示例-er/or(v.→n.)表示人或物drive驾驶→driver司机work工作→worker工人sing唱歌→singer歌手speak说话→speaker发言者；扬声器cook烹饪→cooker炉具contain容纳→container容器invent发明→inventor发明家visit参观→visitor游客-tion(v.→n.)表示行为或结果act行动→action行动invent发明→invention发明pollute污染→pollution污染introduce介绍→introduction介绍celebrate庆祝→celebration庆祝invite邀请→invitation邀请-ment(v.→n.)表示行为或结果agree同意→agreement同意develop发展→development发展achieve取得成就→achievement成就announce宣布→announcement公告advertise做广告→advertisement广告-ness(adj.→n.)表示性质、状态happy幸福的→happiness幸福sad悲伤的→sadness悲伤ill生病的→illness疾病-dom(adj./n.→n.)表示状况、领域free自由的→freedom自由wise睿智的→wisdom智慧king国王→kingdom王国其他形式：-th,-ty,-ence,-ance,-hood,-ist,-ian,-an,-ese等dead死的→death死亡true真实的→truth真相safe安全的→safety安全difficult困难的→difficulty困难different不同的→difference差别important重要的→importance重要性child小孩→childhood童年science科学→scientist科学家music音乐→musician音乐家Africa非洲→African非洲人China中国→Chinese中国人（3）常用的动词后缀常用的动词后缀示例-ize(n./adj.→v.)表示“使……成为；使……化”apology道歉→apologize道歉memory记忆→memorize记住real真的→realize认识到-fy(n./adj.→v.)表示“使……成为；使……进入状态”beauty美→beautify美化simple简单的→simplify简化-en(n./adj.→v.)表示“使……”fright恐怖→frighten使惊恐short短的→shorten缩短（4）常用的副词后缀常用的副词后缀示例-ly(adj.→adv.)表示方式、程度careful小心的→carefully谨慎地angry生气的→angrily生气地-ward(s)(adv.→adv.)表示“向……”to朝；向→toward(s)朝着fore在前面→forward(s)向前（5）常用的数词后缀常用的数词后缀示例-teen表示“十几”six六→sixteen十六-ty表示“整十位数”six六→sixty六十-th表示“序数词”six六→sixth第六（三）转化法一个单词由一种词性转化为另一种或几种词性而词形不变的方法叫作转化法。常见的转化示例动词→名词walkv.走路；步行→walkn.散步Iusuallywalkhomeafterwork.我通常下班后步行回家。Let’sgooutforawalk.我们去外面散散步吧。名词→动词milkn.牛奶→milkv.挤奶Wouldyoulikemilkinyourcoffee?你想要咖啡里加奶吗？Tomhelpedhismothermilkthecow.汤姆帮妈妈给牛挤奶。形容词→动词dryadj.干燥的→dryv.弄干It’shotanddryhereinsummer.这里的夏季炎热干燥。Usethetoweltodryyourhands.用这条毛巾把手擦干。一、单项选择1.Whichofthefollowingwordsisformedinthesamewayas“impolite”?A.blackboard B.uncertain C.chairperson D.earthquake2.Weformanewword“________”inadifferentwayfromtheotherthree.A.firefighter B.noticeboard C.impatient D.greenhouse3.Whichofthefollowingwordsisformedthesamewayas“housework”?A.instruction B.uncertain C.cheerful D.chairperson4.Wecanaddprefix“im-”tothefollowingwordstoformnewwordswiththeoppositemeaning_______.A.honest B.correct C.common D.partial5.Wecanputtheprefix“un”beforethefollowingwordstogivethemtheoppositemeaningEXCEPT________.A.active B.certain C.important D.finished6.Whichofthefollowingwordshasadifferentprefixtomakeithaveanoppositemeaning?A.possible B.polite C.correct D.patient7.“……Shouldyouthfulheadsinvainturngrey.wewouldregretforaye.”——TheRiverAllRedbyXuYuanchong.Whichwordisformedinthesamewayas“youthful”?A.disappear B.dangerous C.footprint D.impossible8.Anadultpanda_________100-150kilograms.Thatistosay,its_________is100-150kilograms.A.weight;weight B.weighs;weighs C.weight;weigh D.weighs;weight9.Heworkshardandisoften_______.Ihopehewillhavemore_______athisbusiness.A.successful;success B.success;successfulC.successfully;successful D.successful;successful10.—What______you,dad?—Iwas______thatthedogcoulddosomanyusefulthingsforthedisabled.A.surprised;surprised B.surprising;surprisingC.surprised;surprising D.surprising;surprise二、用词的适当形式填空1.Hehithishand(heavy)againstthewall.2.—Ourneighbournextdoorisputtingsomethingonthewall.—It’s(possible)tosleepwithallthatnoise.3.Iaskedhimtohelpmebuthe(agree).4.Someinsectsareandweshouldtrynottokillthem.(harm)5.Therearemanyforeign(visit)inourschooltoday.6.It’sverykindofyoutohelpmewithmyEnglishwithgreat.(patient)7.Poorlittlegirl!Itisforhertosuffersomuch.Let’sgiveherahand.(fair)8.Ifwedon’ttakeactiontoprotecttheforests,theywillsoon.(appear)9.Mozartwasafamous(music)intheworld.10.LiJunwas(lucky)becausehiscarbrokedownyesterday.11.Youshouldtakeanactivepartinthe(discuss).12.Hismotherisanurseandhisfatherisa(manage).13.Themanfoundhimself(able)towalkandfelthopeless.14.Amyisa(n)(usual)womanfromAmerica.Sheisafamousartistnow.15.It’s(pleasant)toseesomuchsmoginthesky.16.Iwanttobeafiremaninthefuture,butmyparents（agree）.Theywantmetobecomeadoctor.17.Thereisalotof(pollute)inthisriver.18.Theyarejustkidding.Don’ttakeit(serious).19.Shethinksagoodfriendmustknowher(true).20.Heinventedamachinetopeopleinwheelchairstogoupthestairs.(able)21.Asweallknow,thinkingisreallyimportanttostudents.(dependent)22.Most(west)peoplelikeeatingfastfood.23.Howthosepeopledeeplyinfluencedbywarswishtolive(peace)!24.Myfatherkeepsdiariestorememberhis(day)life.25.Itwas(sun)yesterday,butthereismuchraintoday.26.Youcanfindthose(climb)namesonthehomepageofourclub.27.Alotof(art)performplays,concertsandoperasthere.28.Therearefourgirlsintheshop.(Germany)29.Sheworks(careful)inherschool.30.Iknowheis(aware)ofhismistakebecausehestillactsinthesameoldway.31.Weallliveinaplace—theEarth.(beauty)32.Noonewaswillingtohelptheoldmanandhefelt(help).33.Someoneissingingatthebackofthehall.(loud)34.—AreyouabletofixtheTVMike?—No,I’m(certainly)thatIcandoitmyself.35.Whenyoumakea(decide),youmustbecareful.36.Your(suggest)isofgreatvalueandisreallyworthtaking.Thankyousomuch!37.Hewastiredoutthathefoundhimself(able)tomoveoutofthehotel.38.Becauseofthewolf,everyoneinthetownisfeeling.(easy)39.Hewrotelotsofbooksforyoungpeople.(science)40.Ihavegotaheadache,soIfeel(comfortable)now.41.Maryisan(Australia)girl,sosheknowsalotaboutkoalas.42.Allthedriversmustremember(safe)isfirst.43.Hedidn’tact(normal)yesterdayandhehadfewwordsthewholeafternoon.44.Weshouldhelpthe(able)people.Lifeishardforthem.45.WhenIhelpothers,Ihaveastrong(feel)ofsatisfaction.46.Thanksverymuchforyour(kind).47.Thanksforyour(invite),butIdon’thavetimetotheparty.48.Hecookedthesoupbyputtingintoomuch.(salty)49.Thetiredstudentsarrivedatthecampsite.(final)50.Weoftenseesomepeopleinthestreetinsomepoorcountries.(home)51.MytriptotheUKis(education).52.Heshoutedatagirl.How(polite)hewas!53.Thetwo（travel）weretrapped（被困）onthemountainbytheterriblestorm.54.Sheisanexcellent(cooker).Welikeherdishesverymuch.55.WherecanlearnmoreabouttheWestLakeinHangzhou?(tour)56.Thesaysguestsshouldweareveningdresstotheparty.(invite)57.Thiswasavery(use)lessonforher.58.His(ill)wasmoreseriousthanthedoctorfirstthought.59.Look!HowKateislaughing!(happy)60.Thelittlegirl’sfaceturnedredbecauseofher.(shy)61.It’sverytoplaythesocceronthestreet.(danger)62.Therewerenotmanypeopleinthesupermarket,soitwas.(crowd)63.LiMinggoestoseehisgrandparentsata(fix)dateeverymonth..64.Ican’tunderstandthe(mean)ofallthenewwords.65.MsZhangisourEnglish(teach).She(teach)uswell.66.Weweretouchedbytheofthewelcome.(warm)67.Thetwoboysliketowritestoriesandwanttobe(report)68.Theweatherwas(fair)finesowecouldgocampingyesterday.69.Theofthatbridgeisover200metres.(long)70.MysisterfeltsosadtofindthatitwastocleanherfavouriteT-shirt.(hope)71.(lucky)becausewedidn’tpassthemathtestyesterday.72.Ifyoukeeponworkinghard,youwillbe(success).73.Parentsoftenfeel(help),knowingthatalltheeffortswon'timprovetheirchild'sstudy.74.(sudden)Alicefellintoaholeinthegroundyesterday.75.Many(visit)cametothehometownofthegreatmanduringthevacation.76.Alltheseinterestingexperimentscanourknowledge.（wide）77.Manystudentsget(sleep)afteradayofclasses.78.Theywentintothebedroom（quiet）.79.Themeasureisnot（suit）forthefarmers.80.It’scoolandsunnytoday.It’sa（relax）day.81.Shelikesverymuchandshewantstobean(art).82.Theredboxisthe(heavy)ofthefive.83.Manypeopleknowthatthezipperisagreat(invent)inourdailylife.84.Atruefriendcanhelpyougetoutof(sad)whenyou’reunhappy.85.Manypopstarsdislikebeingasked(person)questionsinpublic.86.Jim'sEnglishmagazineisn'tas(interest)asthatone.87.Youshouldmakeanapologytoherforyour(careless).88.Ithinkfriendshipismuch

(value)thanmoney.89.Pandaiskindof(love)animal,Ilikeitverymuch.90.Itistoeatlotsofchocolatebeforethemainmeals.(health)91.Hepractices(care)thisweekthanlastweek.92.WuJingisawell-known（direct）.Heispopularamongfilmlovers.93.Tomydisappointment,thenewmovieisso(meaning).94.Pleasemakea(decide)tochoosewhichoneisthebest.95.Theplanisnotanew(discover),it’sbeenknownforyears.96.Itwillbeagood(choose)totakethehigh-speedtraintoYanchengfromSuqiannextyear.97.Everychildwantstobethe(proud)oftheirparents.98.Ifyoudon’thaveadeeploveforsomething,don’tbe(satisfy)untilyoufindone.99.Wildanimalswhicharenowindangerneedour(protect).100.Themanisstillan(know)writer,butheissuretobefamous.101.Nothingisawasteifwehavea(create)mind.102.Theteachertoldustopayattentionto(spell)Englishwords.103.Eachofusspokeatthemeeting(active).104．His________(know)ofEnglishisverylimited.105．Everyoneisbornwiththe________tolearn.(able)106．Withthehelpoftheteacher,therehasbeenagreat________inherspokenEnglish.(improve)107.Wouldyoutellmethe(pronounce)ofthenewword?

108.Youcan'tloseyour________withher;instead,youshouldbe_______withher.(patient)109.TheSpringFestivalisoneofthemostimportant________(tradition)festivalsinChina.110.TheStoryofWhiteSnakeisso________thatallofusare________.(touch)111.The__________(die)ofTom’spetmadehimrathersad.

112.Thegametellschildrenthe_____________(important)ofsharingloveandjoy.

113.What’sthe_________ofdoingthat?Heisnotsogenerous,heisa_______man.(mean)114.Theboylaughed(excite)afterheheardthegoodnews.

115.Englishisdifficultforme.Canyougivemesome?(suggest)

116.This5-year-oldboyhassuchagoodsenseof(direct)thathenevergetslost.

117.Myteacherpointedoutthewrongchoiceof________inmycomposition.(express)118.TheUKisanold________country,wheretherearemanypalacesandcastles.(Europe)119.Chinaisancountry,andwecomefrom______________.(Asia)

120.The(local)oftheJoyCityisverygood.ItisclosetotheWildGoosePagoda.

121.Thehotelhadagreat(celebrate)foritsopening.

122.Thebookisbasedon(history)events.

123．Goodhobbiescanalwaysbringus___________(happy).124.Youcanseelotsof(nation)flagsflyingoverthesquare.

125.Thebookdescribeswherethefinesttealeaves__________(produce).126.Ican'tstandthenoisehere.It'stoo(noise)and