高中英语必修5讲义Module5Section5

[技法指导]本单元的写作要求是通知。通知分为书面通知、口头通知和广播通知。写好此类文章，应注意以下几点：1．书面通知：①右上角写出通知的时间(也可以省略)；②上方居中大写NOTICE/Notice；③称呼语，即通知的对象(也可以省略)。常用Ladiesandgentlemen;Boysandgirls;Teachersandstudents等；④书面通知的正文往往开门见山直接说明通知的要点：即when,where,who,what等；⑤落款位于右下角，即出通知的个人或单位。2．口头通知和广播通知：①称呼语(同书面通知)；②引起注意：常见有Attention,please;MayIhaveyourattentionplease等；③正文部分(同书面通知)；④结束语：That'sall;Thankyou;Thanksalot;Thanksforlistening等。黄金表达，教你如何营造亮点1．InordertoimproveouroralEnglish,theStudents'Unionhasdecidedthat...2．Wewillgather/meetattheschoolgateateighto'clock.3．WearegoingtohaveanEnglishcontest,andthetopicis...4．Pleasebethereontimeanddon'tbelate.5．Theactivitybeginsat...andlaststwohours.6．Ihopeyouwillhaveagoodtime.7．Aftertheactivity,we'llhaveadiscussionabout...8．It'sagoodopportunityfor...todosth.[写作规范][题目要求]假定你是学生会主席李华。学校将举办一次以“校园生活·创意无限(InnovationsonCampus)”为主题的创意作品展评活动。请你根据以下图示，以短文形式用英语写一份书面通知。注意：1.词数100左右；2.可以适当发挥，以使行文连贯；3．开头及结尾已为你写好，不计入总词数。参考词汇：颁奖prizegivingNoticeAnexcitingevent“InnovationsonCampus”isaroundthecorner.StudentUnion[三步作文法]第一步：搜索词汇1．与校园生活有关be_related_to_school_life2．上交hand_in3．说明instructions4．展评on_show5．和某人打联系contact/call_sb._at_...第二步：由词造句(按要求完成句子)1．Everyoneofyouisexpectedtobepartoftheevent.Theeventencouragescreativeminds.(用定语从句合并句子)Everyoneofyouisexpectedtobepartoftheeventwhichencouragescreativeminds.2．Youneedtohandinareport.Thereportexplainshowtheideaoccurstoyouandwhatmaterialsyouuse.(用动词ing形式合并句子)Youneedtohandinareport,explaininghowtheideaoccurstoyouandwhatmaterialsyouuse.3．Theprizegivingceremonywillbeheldfrom15：00to17：00onJune18.Don'tmissthechanceofbeingthewinner.(用so并列句合并句子)Theprizegivingceremonywillbeheldfrom15：00to17：00onJune18,sodon'tmissthechanceofbeingthewinner.第三步：连句成篇NoticeAnexcitingevent“InnovationsonCampus”isaroundthecorner.EveryoneofyouisexpectedtobepartoftheeventwhichencouragescreativemindsandgivesfullplaytoyourDIYskills.Notethatyourinnovationsmustbeschoolthings.Alongwithyourwonderfulinnovation,youneedtohandinareport,explaininghowtheideaoccurstoyouandwhatmaterialsyouuse.AllthecollectionswillbeonshowfromJune16to18inthegym.Lookingforwardtotheprizegivingceremony?Sure!It'llbeheldfrom15：00to17：00onJune18.Sodon'tmissthechanceofbeingthewinner.Yourcontributionwillcertainlymaketheeventahugesuccess.Foranyquestions,callLiHuaat44876655.eon,everybody!It'syourshowtime.StudentUnion[对应学生课时达标训练(二十)]Ⅰ.阅读理解Theword“sport”firstmeantsomethingthatpeopledidintheirfreetime.Lateritoftenmeanthuntingwildanimalsandbirds.Aboutahundredyearsagothewordwasfirstusedfororganizedgames.Thisistheusualmeaningofthewordtoday.Peoplespendalotoftheirsparetimeplayingfootball,basketball,tennisandmanyothersports.Suchpeopleplaybecausetheywantto.Afewpeoplearepaidforthesporttheyplay.Thesepeoplearecalledprofessionalsportsmen.Theymaybesportsmenforonlyafewyears,butduringthattimethebestonescanearnalotofmoney.Forexample,aprofessionalfootballerinEnglandearnsmorethan30，000poundsayear.Thestarscanearnalotmore.Internationalgolfandtennischampionscanmakemorethan50，000poundsayear.Ofcourse,onlyafewsportsmencanearnasmuchmoneyasthat.Itisonlypossibleinsportsforindividuals,likegolf,tennisandmotorracing.Perhapsthemostsurprisingthingaboutsportsmenandmoneyisthis:thestarscanearnmoremoneyfromadvertisingthanfromsports.Anadvertisementforsportsequipmentdoesn'tsimplysay,“Buyourthings”.Itsays,“Buythesameshirtandshoesas...”Famoussportsmencanevenadvertisethingslikewatchesandfood.Theyallowthepaniestousetheirnamesorphotographsandtheyarepaidforthis.Sportisnolongerjustsomethingforpeople'ssparetime.语篇解读：本文主要讲述了运动员及其收入的情况。1．WhichofthefollowingisRIGHT?A．paniescanusethephotoofasportsmanforfree.B．Theproductsadvertisedbysportsmenaremoreexpensivethanthoseadvertisedbyfilmstars.C．Sportsmenadvertiseproductsjusttobefamous.D．Sportisameansofmakingmoneynow.解析：选D推理判断题。根据第二段的最后几句可知，体育已成为运动员挣钱的门路。故选D。2．Whatistheusualmeaningoftheword“sport”？A．Itmeanssomethingthatpeopledointheirfreetime.B．Itmeanshuntingwildanimalsandbirds.C．Itreferstoorganizedgames.D．ItreferstoOlympicGames.解析：选C细节理解题。根据第一段的“Aboutahundredyearsagothewordwasfirstusedfororganizedgames.Thisistheusualmeaningofthewordtoday.”可知答案。3．Thewriterthinksitissurprisingthatsportsmenmakemoremoney________．A．fromsportsthanfromadvertisingB．fromadvertisingthanfromsportsC．thanthegovernmentleadersD．thantheleadersofbigpanies解析：选B细节理解题。根据第二段的“Perhapsthemostsurprisingthingaboutsportsmenandmoneyisthis:thestarscanearnmoremoneyfromadvertisingthanfromsports.”可知答案。4．Thepassageismainlyabout________．A．sportsmenandmoneyB．howsportsmensucceedC．therolemoneyplaysinsportsD．howtomakemoney解析：选A主旨大意题。本文主要讲了运动员和他们的收入。故选A。Ⅱ.任务型阅读Everyone,atsomepoint,willsufferaloss—thelossoflovedones,goodhealthorajob.It'syour“desertexperience”.Theimportantthingisnottoallowyourselftobetrappedinthedesert.Socanyouactuallydothingstohelpyourselvesthroughbadtimes?1.________Here'show：LetYourselfGrieve.Aperiodofgrievingiscritical.There'snoshameinthis.Tearsaren'tsignthatyou'resimplyfeelingsorryforyourselfbutareanexpressionofsadnessoremotionthatmustfindanoutlet.2．________Angerisnatural,butitcanbereleasedinawholesomeway.Itcanserveyourrecovery.Youmaythink,“Thingslikethisweren'tsupposedtohappentopeoplelikeme.”However,youhavetorealizethatyouhavestrongreasonstofightforyourlife.FacetheChallenge.Insteadoffacingwhathashappened,manypeopletrytofillupthatemptyfeelinglookingforanescape.Themanwhorarelytouchedadrinkwillbeginhittingthebottle.3.________Otherstryliterallytorunaway.Theonlythingthatmakessenseistofaceuptoyoursituation.Admittingfailureisthetoughestpart,butyouhavetobeforeyoucangetonwithyourlife.GetOutandDo.4．________Youcanjoinasupportgroup,keepajournal,scheduleatripordoexercise,whichmakeyoufeelbetterphysically,andwhenyoufeelbetterphysicallyyoufeelbettermentally.BePatientwithYourself.Roughly,theterriblepainisaminimumofsixmonthsbeforeyouevenstarttofeelbetter.5.________Alotdependsondisposition,thesupportwithinyourenvironment,andwhetheryougethelpandworkonit.So,beeasyonyourself.Recognizethatyou'llneedtimeandcongratulateyourselfateachstepthroughgrief:I'mstillhere,I'vemadeitthisfar!A．GetOutsideYourself.B．UnderstandYourAnger.C．Yes,youcantakechargeofyourowncure.D．Anditcanbeaslongasayear,possiblytwo.E．Awomanwhowatchedherweightwillovereat.F．Theymaystartorganizations,writebooks,workforawareness.G．It'simportanttoforceyourselftoconcentrateonthingsotherthanyourhurt.答案：1～5CBEGDⅢ.完形填空ItwasonlyintheeighteenthcenturythatpeopleinEuropebegantothinkmountainswerebeautiful.__1__thattime,mountainswere__2__bythepeoplelivingontheplain,__3__bythecitypeople,towhomtheywerewildand__4__placesinwhichonewaseasily__5__orkilledbyterribleanimals.Slowly,however,manyofthepeoplewhowereliving__6__inthetownsbegantogrowtiredof__7__.Theybegantofeelinterestedinlookingforthingswhichcouldnotbeexplained,forsightsandsoundswhichproduceafeelingoffearandexcitement.__8__，inthe__9__century,peoplebegantoturnawayfromthemanmade__10__totheuntouchedcountry,andparticularly__11__placeswhereitwasdangerousandwild.Highmountainsbegantobe__12__foraholiday.Then,mountainclimbingbegantogrowpopularasasport.Tosomepeople,thereissomethinggreatly__13__aboutgettingtothe__14__ofahighmountain:astruggleagainstnatureisfinerthanabattle__15__otherhumanbeings.Andthen,whenyouareatthemountaintopafteralonganddifficult__16__，whata__17__rewarditistobeabletolook__18__oneverythingwithin__19__!Atsuchtime,youfeelhappierandprouderthanyoucaneverfeel__20__．语篇解读：本文介绍了爬山运动的历史，同时介绍了此项运动的魅力。1．A.AfterB．InC．AtD．Before解析：选D根据前文可知在18世纪欧洲人才开始认为山是美丽的，由此可推断出在此之前，人们认为山是危险的，故D项正确。2．A.lovedB．likedC．fearedD．observed解析：选C根据下文的“theywerewild”和“killedbyterribleanimals”可知人们畏惧山。fear“害怕，畏惧”，符合语境。love“爱”；like“喜欢”；observe“观察”。3.A.howeverB．furtherC．sometimesD．especially解析：选D生活在平原上的人害怕大山，尤其是城市里的人。especially“尤其”，符合语境。4．A.excitingB．interestingC．dangerousD．alone解析：选C根据下文的“killedbyterribleanimals”可知对于他们来说山是危险的地方。dangerous“危险的”，符合语境。exciting“令人兴奋的”；interesting“有趣的”；alone“单独的”。5．A.brokendownB．lostC．discoveredD．caught解析：选B人们在山里容易迷路。belost“迷路”，符合语境。breakdown“垮掉”；discover“发现”；catch“捉住”。6．A.unhappilyB．lonelyC．fortablyD．easily解析：选A慢慢地许多在城镇中生活的不幸福的人们开始厌恶城镇了。unhappily“不快乐地”，符合语境。lonely“孤单的”；fortably“舒服地”；easily“容易地”。7．A.themB．itC．themselvesD．that解析：选A代词作宾语，且指代前文的“towns”，故应用them。8．A.YetB．SoC．HoweverD．But解析：选B上下文之间有因果关系，故用表示结果的并列连词so。yet“然而，但是”；however“然而，可是”；but“但是”。9．A.lastB．recentC．eighteenthD．early解析：选C根据第一段中“ItwasonlyintheeighteenthcenturythatpeopleinEuropebegantothinkmountainswerebeautiful.”可知在18世纪人们开始喜欢大山了。10．A.countryB．housesC．townD．planet解析：选C根据上文“manyofthepeople...inthetownsbegantogrowtiredof________”可知人们开始厌烦城镇，想要从城镇里出去，故C项正确。11．A.toB．atC．inD．for解析：选Aturnawayfrom...to...“离开……去……”。并列连词and连接两个介词to短语。12．A.importantB．rightC．necessaryD．popular解析：选D高山开始成为人们喜欢的度假胜地。popular“受欢迎的”，符合语境。important“重要的”；right“正确的”；necessary“必要的”。13．A.pleasantB．interestedC．dangerousD．terrible解析：选A对于一些人，爬到山顶是非常愉快的事情。pleasant“愉快的”，符合语境。interested“感兴趣的”；dangerous“危险的”；terrible“可怕的”。14．A.footB．spotC．topD．tip解析：选C爬山目标当然是到达山顶。top“顶”。foot“底部”；spot“斑点，地点”；tip“尖”。15．A.withB．toC．againstD．between解析：选Cabattleagainst...“与……的战斗”。16．A.fightB．climbC．walkD．running解析：选B文中多次出现“climb”长久而且很难的攀登后到达山顶。climb“攀登”，符合语境。17．A.surprisingB．satisfactoryC．disappointingD．astonishing解析：选B能够俯瞰一切是多么令人满意的报答啊！satisfactory“令人满意的”，符合语境。surprising“令人惊奇的”；disappointing“令人失望的”；astonishing“令人惊讶的”。18．A.behindB．upC．downD．around解析：选Clookdownon“俯瞰”。19．A.milesB．minutesC．seeingD．sight解析：选D俯瞰视野内的一切。sight“视野”，符合句意。mile“英里”；minute“分钟”；seeing“观看”。20．A.aboveB．belowC．underD．away解析：选B在那时，你会比在山下时感到更高兴、更自豪。below“在下面”，符合句意。above“在上面”；under“在……的下面”，为介词；away“在远处”。Ⅳ.语法填空I'marockclimbingguide.ClimbingtherocksandmountainsinYosemiteNationalPark1.________(be)mylife'spassionsinceIwas13.MorethantenyearsagoIstartedseeingalotofwaste,2.________toiletpaper,beercans,andemptyboxes,aroundthearea.3.________wasbeyondmewhyvisitorsstartedrespectingtheplacelessandtreatedsuchabeautifulhomelikeplacethisway.I4.________(try)pickinguptrashmyself,butIwouldspendanhourortwoonthejob,only5.________(find)theareatrashedalloveragainweeks6.________.Idecidedsomethinghadtochange.Isetadateforacleanuptogetherwithsomeotherclimbers.7.________(expect),morethan300peopleshowedup.Wecollectedabout6，000poundsoftrashoverthreedays.Itwas8.________(amaze)howmuchwewereabletoacplish—theparklookedclean!Ioftenhearpeopleplainabouttheirsurroundings.Iwanttosaytheonlywaytochangethingsisbydoingratherthan9.________(plain).Weneedtoteachbyexample.Wecannotblameothers10.________westartwithourselves.答案：1.hasbeen2.like/including3.It4.tried5.tofind6.later7.Unexpectedly8.amazing9plaining10.unless/untilⅤ.短文改错Awisemanoncetoldahappyandsatisfiedfarmerthatifhehadadiamondasbiggerasathumb,hecouldhavehisowncity,andifhehadadiamondthesizeofhisfist,hecouldbetheownerofhiscountry.Thewisemanleft,thefarmersoldhisfarmandlefthisfamilyinthesearchofhisintendeddiamonds.Helookedacrossthecountryandcouldn'tfindasingleone.Hewassodisappointingthathethrewhimintotheriver.Meanwhile,onemorningthenewownerofthefarmwasfedhiscamelsbythestreamwhenhefoundastoneshininginthewater.Hereturnedforthestoneandwastolditwasadiamond.Toeveryone'sastonish,thefarmwasinfactcoveredwithcountlessdiamond.答案：第一句：bigger→big第二句：farmer前加and或第一个left前加having;去掉第三个the第三句：and→but第四句：disappointing→disappointed;him→himself第五句：fed→feeding第六句：for→with第七句：astonish→astonishment;diamond→diamonds单元质量检测(五)(时间：100分钟满分：120分)Ⅰ.阅读理解(共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项。AWinniethePoohbyA.A.MilneWinniethePoohhasbeenintroducedandreintroducedtogenerationaftergenerationasamodelofachild'sbestfriend.However,noteveryonehasfoundPoohislovely.Thisclassichasbeenbanned(禁止)inavarietyofcountriesatonepointoranother,includingRussia,Turkey,andevenitshome,England.Infact,evensomeplacesintheUnitedStateshavebannedthisbook!SowhywouldanyoneeverliketokeepchildrenfromthejoyofMilne'sclassic?InthecaseofRussia,WinniethePoohwasbannedin2009becauseofalleged(所谓的)Nazities.TheWonderfulWizardofOzbyL.FrankBaumOriginallypublishedintheyear1900,TheWonderfulWizardofOzisoneofthefoundationsofthefairytalegenre.Who,then,wouldseektobanabookthathasbeesoimportanttotheAmericanexperience?TheDetroitLibrarybannedTheWonderfulWizardofOzin1957forallegedlyhavingnovalueforchildren.Charlotte'sWebbyE.B.WhiteWhite'staleoftherelationshipbetweentwounexpectedcreatures,aspiderandapig,hasbeendrawingchildreninforoverhalfacentury.Publishedin1952,thisclassichasbeenreadilydisplayedonmostlibraryshelvesforchildrentoread.However,somepeoplewouldliketomakethisbookneverseethelightoftheday.Inoneextremecase,aschoolinEnglandbannedCharlotte'sWebforfearthatthepigWilburmightbeoffensive(冒犯的)toMuslimstudents.Fortunately,theMuslimCouncilofBritainsawthefoolishnessofthisban,sothebookwasquicklyputbacktotheirrightfulplaceontheshelves.WheretheWildThingsArebyMauriceSendakThoughit'sbeenpublishedforfiftyyears,thisbookhasn'talwaysbeenreadilyfoundinlibrariesandinstores.Afteritsrelease,WheretheWildThingsArewasbannedinlibrariesallacrosstheU．S.foritsdarktoneandunrulyleadcharacter.SomeparentsfeltobviouslyunfortableaboutMax,thestory'smaincharacter.Nowadays,you'llfindfarfewerlibrariesthatstillholdthisban.1．Whichofthefollowingwasoncebannedbecauseofbeinguselessforchildren?A．WinniethePooh.B．Charlotte'sWeb.C．WheretheWildThingsAre.D．TheWonderfulWizardofOz.解析：选D细节理解题。根据TheWonderfulWizardofOz中的“TheDetroitLibrarybannedTheWonderfulWizardofOzin1957forallegedlyhavingnovalueforchildren.”可知D项正确。2．WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?A．Charlotte'sWebtellsastoryofaspiderandapig.B．WheretheWildThingsArewasoriginallypublishedin1900.C．TheWonderfulWizardofOzhasbeenpublishedforfiftyyears.D．WinniethePoohwasbannedinEnglandbecauseofallegedNazities.解析：选A细节理解题。根据Charlotte'sWeb中的“White'staleoftherelationshipbetweentwounexpectedcreatures,aspiderandapig”可知A项表述正确。3．Thefourbooksmentionedinthepassagearemainlyintendedfor________．A．parentsB．childrenC．teachersD．writers解析：选B推理判断题。这四本书中都提及与儿童有关的内容，由此可推知，这四本书的读者对象主要是儿童。BSincebirth,JoyandMiriamwereleftatthegateofanorphanage(孤儿院).Forthedisabledsisters,whobothhavespinabifida(脊柱裂),itmayhaveseemedthatallhopeswerelostatthattime.ButafterbeingadoptedbyaBritishcouple,theyhavebeetwoofthecountry'smostpromisingwheelchairbasketballstars.In2005,theHaizesadoptedthem.Then,theymovedtotheUKwhenJoywassixandMiriamwasseven.Thegirlsdiscoveredthewheelchairbasketballthroughachanceconversation,whichMr.Haizehadwithafriendin2011.Theyhadn'tknownwheelchairsportsbefore,butJoywashookedfromthebeginning.WhileMiriamlovedthesport,ittookheralittlelongertobeeaseriousathlete.“Iusedtohavereallylowselfrespect，”shesaid.“It'sonlywhenJoygotintotheUnder25sEuropeanChampionshipsin2013thatIstartedtotakebasketballseriously.Itgavemeapathtofollow.”MiriamwasthenchosentoplayatbothregionaltrialsandtheSainsbury'sSchoolGamesin2014.Ofcourse,sheearnedherselfaplaceatthefamousGBFuturestrainingcamp.“GBFutureshelpedmealot.Ithelpedmetakebasketballtoanotherlevelandlearnmoreaboutthegameanditshistory.Italsohelpedmebemoreindependent，”saidMiriam.Meanwhile,JoyiscurrentlytheyoungestplayerontheGBwomen'steam—butsheismakinghermarkontheinternationalstage,havingrepresentedGreatBritainintournaments(锦标赛)allovertheworld.Theteenagersarenoweagertoencourageotherstoexploretheworldofwheelchairsports.“Youshouldhaveconfidenceinyourself.That'stheonethingtohelpyousucceed.Havingsetbackshelpedmegrowintoapersonandplayer.Nomatterwhatpeoplesaidtous,wejusttriedourbest，”saidthegirls.语篇解读：本文主要讲述了一对轮椅篮球姐妹花的奋斗故事。4．WhathappenedtoJoyandMiriamwhentheywereborn?A．TheywereadoptedbyaBritishcouple.B．Theywereabandonedtoanorphanage.C．TheymovedtotheUKwiththeirparents.D．Theylivedwithparentsinanorphanage.解析：选B细节理解题。由文章第一段的“Sincebirth,JoyandMiriamwereleftatthegateofanorphanage(孤儿院)．”可知，患有脊柱裂的姐妹Joy和Miriam一出生就被遗弃在了孤儿院门口。5．Thesistersfirstgottoknowthewheelchairbasketballfrom________．A．GBFuturestrainingcampB．theirP．E.teacherbychanceC．aconversationinaTVprogramD．atalkbetweentheirfatherandhisfriend解析：选D细节理解题。由文章第二段的“Thegirlsdiscoveredthewheelchairbasketballthroughachanceconversation,whichMr.Haizehadwithafriendin2011.”可知D项正确。6．Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat________．A．theHaizesaimedtotrainJoytobeetheworldchampionB．JoysetagoodexampletoMiriaminthewheelchairbasketballC．ittookJoyalongtimetotakethewheelchairbasketballseriouslyD.Miriamistheyoungestplayeronthewomen'sbasketballteam解析：选B推理判断题。根据文章第三段前半部分内容可知，Joy一开始就很热爱轮椅篮球，并取得了很好的成绩(JoygotintotheUnder25sEuropeanChampionshipsin2013)，正是Joy的好成绩激励了Miriam。所以正确答案为B。7．Whatsuggestiondidthedisabledsistersgivetoothers?A．Putyourheartintowork!B．Agoodbeginningishalfdone!C．AllroadsleadtoRome.D．Believeinyourself!解析：选D推理判断题。根据文章最后一段Joy和Miriam姐妹的话可知，她们鼓励“年轻人一定要自信”。CEvenaswebreatheasighofreliefwatchingtherescueof33minerstrappedinaChileanmineformorethantwomonths,thereisrecognitionthattheirrecoveryfromthistraumaticexperienceinvolvesmorethanjusttheirphysicalhealth.Survivorsofdisastersareatsignificantriskforsuchproblemsasdepressionandanxiety.Inanupingreport,GeorgeA.Bonannoandcolleaguesnotethatdisastersresultinextremepsychologicalharminaminorityofindividuals—lessthan30%ofsamplesexperienceseverelevelsofthesepsychologicalproblems.Justasthereareawiderangeofproblemsexperiencedfollowingdisasters,Bonannoandhiscoauthorsobservetherearealsoanumberofoutepatterns.Somesurvivorswillexhibitchronicdysfunction(慢性功能障碍)butthemajoritywillgoontorecoverpsychologicalfunctionwithinafewmonthsoryears.Followingdisasters,themostmonformofimmediatepsychologicalintervention(介入)isCriticalIncidentStressDebriefing(CISD)(危机事件应激晤谈).However,followingareviewofstudiesontheeffectivenessofCISD,Bonannoandcoauthorsconclude,“MultiplestudieshaveshownthatCISDisnotonlyineffectivebut,assuggestedearlier,insomecasescanactuallybepsychologicallyharmful.”“Thedataoncrisisdebriefingsuggestthatimposingsuchinterventionsonindividualsdoesn'twork，”Lilienfeldsays.“Ifsomeoftheminerswanttotalktosomebodytoexpresstheirfeelings,thenbyallmeansmentalhealthprofessionalsshouldbetheretolistentothemandsupportthem.Butforminerswhowouldprefernottotalkmuchabouttheexperience,it'sbesttoleavethemaloneandrespecttheirowncopingmechanisms(应对机制)．”AccordingtoBonannoandhiscoauthors,therearetreatmentsthatmaybeeffectiveinhelpingsurvivorsrecoverfromdisasters.Psychologicalfirstaid(PFA)—which,amongotherthings,providespracticalhelpandhelpsdevelopasenseofsafetyandcalmnessamongsurvivors—isapromisingapproach.Forexample,themunitycenteredintervention—whichhelpsmaintainasenseofconnectednessandqualityofmunitylife—isbeneficialtosurvivorsofdisasters.语篇解读：绝大多数灾难幸存者都会产生一定的心理问题，因此对他们进行心理疏导是极其重要的。8．Whichofthefollowingcanreplacetheunderlinedword“traumatic”inthefirstparagraph?A．Amusing.B．Upsetting.C．Impressive.D．Memorable.解析：选B词义猜测题。根据第一段第一句以及下文disasters可知，被困在煤矿中是一件令人痛苦的经历。9．WhatcanbeinferredfromLilienfeld'swords?A．Thechoicesofinterventionsshouldfollowthesurvivors'will.B．Thesurvivorsshouldoftenaskhealthprofessionalsforadvice.C．It'sbeneficialforthesurvivorstomunicatewitheachother.D．Theminersshouldberespectedfortheirhardanddangerouswork.解析：选A推理判断题。根据第四段“...Butforminerswhowouldprefernottotalkmuchabouttheexperience,it'sbesttoleavethemaloneandrespecttheirowncopingmechanisms(应对机制)．”可知，针对不同的灾难幸存者，应根据他们自己的意愿制定心理救援计划。10．Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingmethodsisgenerallymoreeffective?A．Helpsurvivorsfitintheirmunities.B．Urgesurvivorstojoininvolunteerprograms.C．Asksurvivorstospeakouttheirexperiences.D．Leavesurvivorsalonetoimprovetheiremotions.解析：选A细节理解题。根据最后一段最后一句可知，让灾难幸存者融入自己的社区生活是帮助他们走出阴影比较有效的方法。选项B在文中并没有提及，C、D两项并不适合所有的人。故选A项。11．Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?A．Thetypesofpsychologicalproblems.B．Theharmfuleffectsofmineaccidents.C．Thenewresearchaboutthementalactivity.D．Thepsychologicalhelpforsurvivorsofdisasters.解析：选D主旨大意题。全文主要说明了对灾难幸存者心理急救的有效方法，D项最为符合。DItdidn'ttakelongforalotofpeoplewhoownedautomobilesinthelate1800stostarthiringthemout.Eventhoughthefirsttaxiswereoddlookingmachinesthathadbatteriesweighingasmuchas800pounds,therewerealmost100oftheminNewYorkCityby1899.Theydidagreatdealofbusinesspetingwithhorsedrawncarriages(马车),sincemanypeoplefoundthemnotonlyfaster,butalsoquieterandmuchcleaner.ThefirstgaspoweredcabsarrivedinNewYorkin1907,buttheywereimportedfromFranceandnotbuiltintheU．S.The1920ssawanexplosioninthetaxis,asthousandsofthemwereinuseeveryday.Thisburgeoningindustryneededregulation,andtheMayorofNewYork,FiorelloH.LaGuardia,signedtheHassActof1937.Theactforcedcabpaniestoobtainlicensesandalsointroducedthemedallionsystem,whichisstillinusetoday.Thesearethesmallmetalplatesyou'llseeontopofthevehicle(车辆)thatcertifiesitislegallyallowedtopickuppassengers.Thesystemhelpedthegovernmentkeeptrackofnotjustthenumberoftaxis,butthequalityofthemaswell.Eventhoughtheyfacedseriouspetitionfrombuses,subwaysandtrains,taxisinNewYorkremainedastaple(主要产品)formillionsofpeople.About12，000ofthemwereinserviceby1950.Whileyoumaythinkthatcabshavealwaysbeenyellow,itactuallywasn'tuntilthe1960sthattheywererequiredtobepaintedthaticoniccolor.Thereareabout40，000driversinNewYorkCityalone,andmillionsofothersthroughouttheU．S.andtherestoftheworld.Anestimated200millionpassengerstravelabout800millionmilesayear,andpayfarestotalingabout$1billionayearinNewYorkalone.语篇解读：在纽约，最原始的出租车诞生于19世纪初，经过几百年的发展，出租车已成为人们不可或缺的代步工具。12．Theunderlinedword“burgeoning”inParagraph2probablymeans“________”．A．petingfiercelyB．developingrapidlyC．recoveringquicklyD．disappearingtotally解析：选B词义猜测题。根据第二段第一句可知，由于出租车行业发展迅速，所以需要纽约市通过立法来进行管理，故选B项。13．Themetalplatesweresetontopofthetaxiswhich________．A．werepaintedinyellowasrequiredB．providedqualifiedservicesforthepassengersC．wereallowedbythegovernmenttodobusinessD．couldn'tcauseanycaraccidentsalltheyearround解析：选C细节理解题。根据第二段第四句“Thesearethesmallmetalplatesyou'llseeontopofthevehicle(车辆)thatcertifiesitislegallyallowedtopickuppassengers.”可知，在每一辆出租车上安放一块小的金属板是为了证明该出租车是合法经营，可以载客。14．Thenumberslistedinthelastparagraphshowthat________．A．NewYorkhasmoretaxisthanotherbigcitiesB．thetaxiindustryinNewYorkisverysuccessfulC．thetaxiisthemostpopulartransportationinNewYorkD．NewYorkhasearnedmuchmoneyfromthetaxiindustry解析：选B推理判断题。文章最后一段所列出的诸多数据表明了出租车行业在纽约市是兴旺的。15．What'sthewriter'spurposeinwritingthepassage?A．Toanalyzetheadvantagesofthetaxis.B．Toadvertisethegoodservicesofthetaxis.C．TointroducethehistoryoftaxisinNewYork.D．ToshowthedevelopmentofvehiclesintheU．S.解析：选C写作目的题。全文主要介绍了出租车行业在纽约市诞生、发展和走向繁荣的历史。Ⅱ.任务型阅读(共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分)根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Inhighschool,it'simportanttostayhealthy.16.________Howcanyoustudywellifyou'resick?Soyoushouldpayattentiontoyourhealthinordertostudywellinhighschool.Inordertoenjoygoodhealth,youshouldhavesomegoodhabits.Herearesometipsforyou.Drinkwaterregularlyeveryday.Somestudentsdon'tlikedrinkingwater.Theyonlydrinkwaterwhenthey'reextremelythirsty.17.________Youshoulddrinkwaterregularlysothatyourbodyandbraincanfunctionwell.Avoidsportsdrinksandsodawhenyou'rethirsty.Theyarenotgoodforyourhealth.18．________Somestudentsdon'teatthreemealsaday.Nomatterwhathappens,youshouldn'tskipanymealoftheday.Eatingregularlyhelpskeepyourmetabolism(新陈代谢)highandkeepsyourenergyup.It'sespeciallyimportanttoeatagoodbreakfasteverydaywithprotein,carbohydrates(碳水化合物),andfibertosetupyourbodyforthedayofactivity.Ifyoudon'teat,howcanyoustayfocusedinclass?