浅析老人与海中人与自然的关系

Ⅰ浅析《老人与海》中人与自然的关系摘要随着科学水平不断发展，人类认识和改造自然的能力也大大提高。人类实践的范围不断进行扩大，人类在征服和利用自然取得巨大成果的同时，大自然平衡状态也被破坏的很严重。目前全球存在的人与自然的问题人口问题、资源问题、环境问题、生态问题等也是相当突出。《老人与海》介绍了人与自然的关系，主人公桑地亚哥孤身一个人在大海上度过了三天三夜，他和海上的鸟、海中的鱼等自然界中的生进行过多次对话，作为一个老人，他在这次历程中达到了自我实现并且充分体验到了作为人和作为自然存在的大海之间的自由自在的关系。因此本文以《老人与海》为例，分析了人与自然的和谐与对立关系，通过分析发现人类离不开自然，自然却可以离开人类。如果人类遵守大自然的法则，人类就可以与自然和谐共处；如果人类不遵守，就会被大自然惩罚，所以人类应该保护自然，建立优美的生态环境以达成人与自然和谐共处的良好局面。关键词：《老人与海》；人与自然关系；和谐共生ⅡABSTRTCTWiththecontinuousdevelopmentofscientificlevel,human'sabilitytounderstandandtransformnaturehasbeengreatlyimproved.Thescopeofhumanpracticeisconstantlyexpanding.Whilehumanbeingshavemadegreatachievementsintheconquestanduseofnature,thebalanceofnaturehasalsobeenseriouslydestroyed.Atpresent,theglobalhumanandnaturalproblems,populationproblems,resourceproblems,environmentalproblemsandecologicalproblemsarealsoquiteprominent.TheOldManandtheSeaintroducestherelationshipbetweenmanandnature,theheroaloneinamanspentthreedaysandthreenightsonthesea,heandthebirdsinthesea,thefishinnaturehadmanytimes,asanoldman,heachievedtheself-realizationandfullexperienceashumanandnaturalasthefreerelationshipbetweenthesea.Therefore,takingtheOldManandtheSeaasanexample,thispaperanalyzestheharmonyandoppositionbetweenmanandnature.Throughtheanalysis,itisfoundthathumanbeingscannotleavenature,butnaturecanleavehumanbeings.Ifhumanbeingsobeythelawsofnature,humanbeingscanliveinharmonywithnature;ifnot,itwillbepunishedbynature,sohumanbeingsshouldprotectnatureandestablishabeautifulecologicalenvironmenttoachieveagoodsituationofharmoniouscoexistencebetweenmanandnature.KeyWords:TheOldManandtheSea;RelationshipbetweenManandNature;SymbiosisⅢTableofContents ChapterOneIntroduction onlydistinguishingsocialmovementsfromgeneralnaturalmovements,givingsocialmovementsspecialdevelopmentlawsandcharacteristics,butalsopromotingthenewevolutionofsubjectandobjectnature,layingtheimprintofhumanwillinnature,andpromotingnaturetotrulybecomeanotherinorganicbodyofman.Inthisprocess,objectificationactivitiesnotonlyprojecthumanneedsandpurposes,valuejudgments,moralchoicesandaesthetictastesintothenaturalworld,becomingthevaluedriversthatpromotenaturalevolution,butalsoenablethecontinuousexchangeofmaterials,informationandenergybetweenhumansandnature,andpromotetheincreasinggenerationofphysicalnaturetopeople,whichisthepracticalmotivationofnaturalevolution.Inaddition,objectificationactivities,asthedynamicreflectionofconsciousnesstonature,arethetheoreticalmotivesthatpromotenaturalevolution,especiallynaturalscienceconstitutesthemostbasicandimportanttheoreticalwayforhumanbeingstograspnature.Throughscienceandtechnology,humanbeingsusethepowerofnatureatadeeperlevel,makingnatureincreasinglybecometheobjectofman'sconfirmationandrealizationofhisownpersonality,andincreasinglybecomemanhimself.Second,naturalsystemshavecompositestructures.Undertheinfluenceofsocialmovements,thenaturalsystemhasbecomeanorganiccombinationofthreeparts:primordialnature,humanizednatureandartificialnature.Asthefirstnature,primordialnatureisafreenaturewithpriority.Theevolutionofthematerialworldisaprocessofself-creationandself-development,sothatthereisalwaysanaturalworldthatprecedesandisindependentofman.Humanizingnatureasthesecondnatureisnatureas"somethingforme."Asanaturalforce,manhimselfactsonhisexternalnaturewithlabor,whichnotonlypromotesthepersonalityandpotentialcontainedinthehumanbody,butalsochangesthenaturalecologythatheoccupiesandcontrols,andopensuptheevolutionofmaninbothinternalandexternalaspects.Artificialnature,asthethirdnature,isanewformofnatureas"somethingIamfor".Throughlabor,peopleusetheirwillandwisdomtocontinuouslycreateartificialobjectsandartificialenvironments,forminglivingconditionsthatwillneveroccurinnaturewithouttheparticipationofpeople,andtrulyprovidenewpossibilitiesfortheevolutionofnaturalsystems.Third,naturalevolutionhasadialecticaldirection.First,thematerialcompositionoftherelationshipbetweenmanandnaturedeterminestheobjectiveinevitabilityofnaturalevolution.Theobjectiverealityofprimordialnatureextendstohumanizednatureandartificialnaturethroughman'sobjectificationactivity,andmancanonlychangethematerialformbutcannotcreateandeliminatematteranditsmovement,andthuscannotchangethepriorityofnature.Second,thesocialcompositionoftherelationshipbetweenmanandnaturepresentsthedynamicselectivityofnaturalevolution.Throughlabor,maninjectspurposefulfactorsintoprimordialnaturetochangethefreestateofmatter,sothatthefirstnatureisgraduallytransformedintosomethingthatembodiesman'swillandmeetshisneeds,reflectingtheselectivecharacteristicsofthedirectionofnaturalsystemevolution.Finally,thecompositecompositionoftherelationshipbetweenmanandnaturepresentsthedialecticaldevelopmentofnaturalevolution.Onlyonthepedestalofsocietycantherelationshipbetweenmanandnatureunfold;Onlyinthefieldofcommunicationactivitiesbetweenmanandnaturecantheclosednatureofman,natureandsocietybebroken,andthethreeareinterconnectedandinteracting,thusopeninganewstageanddirectionofevolutionandformingasocialecologicalmovementlawthatintegratesthelawsofnatureandsociety.

ChapterFourEnlightenmentfromStudyingtheRelationshipbetweenHumansandNature4.1MaintainingBiodiversityonEarthandMaintaingEcosyytemBalanceThroughthestudyoftherelationshipbetweenmanandnature,ithasbeenlearnedthatallkindsoforganismsinnatureareinterdependent,speciesinnatureareindispensable,andbiodiversityreferstothevariabilityinlivingorganismsfromallsources,includingterrestrial,marineandotheraquaticecosystemsandtheecologicalcomplexestheyconstitute,includingdiversitywithinspecies,betweenspeciesandecosystems.Ecosystembalancereferstothestateofmutualadaptation,coordinationandunitybetweenecosystemsandbetweenorganismsandtheenvironmentthroughthetransmissionandexchangeofinternalandexternalmaterials,energyandinformationwithinaspecificperiodoftime.Thebalanceofecosystemsdependslargelyonthebiodiversitywithintheecosystem,andthericherandmorecompletetheorganism,themorecomplexthestructureoftheecosystem.Thebalanceoftheecosystemisthemostbasicguaranteeforthesurvivalanddevelopmentofhumanbeings,andallhumanpracticalactivitiesarecarriedoutonthebasisofthisdynamicbalance,sohumanbeingsshouldfollowthelawsofnature,protectthevalueandcontinuityofbiodiversity,maintainthestability,integrityanddiversityofnature,andestablishaharmoniouspartnershipbetweenmanandnature.4.2EstablishaSoundEnvironmentalProtectionSystemandLawsandRegulationsToachievetheharmoniousdevelopmentofmanandnature,itmustbeguaranteedbytherelevantlegalandregulatorysystems.Today,whenadvocatingtheconstructionofecologicalcivilization,theconstructionofenvironmentallegalsystemshouldadheretothebasicprincipleof"people-oriented",embodythevaluesof"coordinationbetweeneconomicdevelopmentandenvironmentalprotection"and"harmoniouscoexistencebetweenmanandnature",andpromotetheestablishmentofamodernenvironmentallegalprotectionsystem.Atpresent,theexistingenvironmentallegalprotectionsystemisbasedonagriculturalcivilizationandindustrialcivilization,whichdoesnotfullyreflectthepurposeofcoordinatingenvironmentalprotectionandeconomicdevelopment.AlthoughenvironmentalprotectionhasbecomeabasicnationalpolicyinChina,therelevantlegalsystemisstillnotperfect.Inparticular,locallawsandregulationsareweakandcannoteffectivelysolveregionalenvironmentalproblems.Tothisend,itisfirstnecessarytostudyamorecomprehensiveandsystematiclegislativesystemonthecoordinationofenvironmentalprotectionandeconomy,andgraduallyimplementitinthefuture,andstrengthenlawenforcementinthetworelativelyweaklinksofimplementationandsupervision,strictlyenforcelawenforcementsupervision,sothatordersmustbecarriedoutandprohibitionsmustbestopped,andtheauthorityofthelawmustbeestablishedandbroughtintoplay,soastoprovideasolidlegalguaranteeforecologicalcivilization.ChapterFiveConclusionTheOldManandtheSeatellsushowtheoldmanfightsagainstthenature.Itshowstherelationshipbetweenmanandnature.Ononehandmanandnatureareharmonious,ontheotherhandmanandnatureareconflicting.ItalsoshowsthatamancanbedestroyedbutnotdefeatedInthisbattle,Santiagotrieshisbesttofightagainstmarlinandsharks.Undertremendousphysicalandmentaltortures,theoldmanisthewinner:He'slookingMarlinandsharkshavebecomeghosts.MankindconquersnaturewithhumanexperienceandwisdomandtheuseofaweaponButduringthebattleheisinjured,allofthismakeshimexhausted.Moreimportantly,thebeautifulandnoblefishconqueredhim.Inthisdealfortwodaysandtwonights,theoldman'shandiswoundedandhisshoulderwaseverunbearable.Thebigwaveknockshimonboardandthefacewasbroken.Bloodflowsontheground.Excessivefatigueanddizzinessmakehimfeelisolatedandhelpless.Hehopesthatsomeonehelpedhim.Hisheartfelt"Youaretiredoldman"15and"Youaretiredinside"16Thisisastrugglebetweenmanandnatureinthesoultragedy.Theoldmanismadetopayaheavypricepointvictory,andultimatelyirreparablefailureButfromanothrsense,heisalsoawinner.Becausenomatterhowarduoustheenvironmentis,hedoesnotbowtofate;hefightsagainstthemwithhiscourage,determinationandwisdom.AlthoughhedoesnotkeephugeMarlin,hehasdefendedthedignityofaperson'ssoul.Heisavictoryofthelosers,afailedhero.Inthenoveltheseaandsharkssymbolizethesocialandnaturalforces,whichwagedalife-and-deathstruggleintheoldman.Thebattleisaperformanceoftheincomparablestrengthandcourage,andshowspeople'sdignity:themarliniseaten,butthespirithasnotbeendefeated."Amancanbedestroyedbutnotdefeated"170ntheotherhand,asapartofthenature,Santiagolivesonnaturelovesitandhopesthatthereisharmonybetweenmanandnature.Yetthevanityof'self-confidence,arrogancedestroystheharmony.Asthepartofnature,mankindcanjustusenaturebutcan'tconquernature.Throughthestudyoftherelationshipbetweenmanandnatureintheoldmanandthesea,alotofenlightenmenthasbeenobtained,manandnatureshouldliveinharmony,andhumanbeingsshouldrespectnatureandprotectnature.Fromancienttimestothepresent,everyprogressofhumanbeingshasalottodowithnature,andhumanbeingshavealsolearnedalotofknowledgethroughnature,anditcanbesaidthatnatureistheearliestteacherofhumanbeings.Ibelieveth