2023年中考英语语法专题3代词

语法专题：代词【考点点拨】【考点1】人称代词1.人称代词的人称、数和格,如下表所示:数格

人称单数复数主格宾格主格宾格第一人称第二人称第三人称2.人称代词有主格和宾格之分。通常主格作主语,宾格作宾语。动词前面用主格,动词或介词之后用宾格。如:_______liketabletennis.(作主语)我喜欢打乒乓球。Doyouknow_______?(作宾语)你认识他吗?3.人称代词还可作表语,作表语时用宾格。如:—Whoisknockingatthedoor?谁在敲门?—It’s_______.是我。4.it的特殊用法(1)替代刚提到过的同一事物Thisismynewbike.Ibought_______lastweekend指动物、婴儿或不明身份、性别的人Listen!Someoneisknockingatthedoor.Whois_______?用来表示天气、时间或距离_______isabout2hours’ridefromheretohishometown.固定句型Itis+adj.+forsb.todosth.对某人来说，做某事是...的翻译：_________________________________________________________________对我来说，学好英语很重要。Itis+adj.+ofsb.todosth.某人做某事是...的翻译：_________________________________________________________________你帮助我真是太善良了。Ittakessb.sometimetodosth.做某事话费某人（时间）___________________________________________________________________搭公交车去上学花费我2小时。Itseemsthat...似乎..._________________________________________________________________似乎天将要下雨。Itissaid/believed/reportedthat..据说/相信/报道..._________________________________________________________________据说茶是被中国人发明的。find/think/feelit+adj.+todosth发现/认为/感觉做某事..._________________________________________________________________我发现学习英语很容易。makeit+adj.+todosth.让做某事..._________________________________________________________________科学家让人们网上交谈很容易。【考题链接】()1.—Whoistheladyinred?—MissGao.Sheteaches_______English.A.weB.usC.ourD.ours()2.Mybrotherhaslosthiswatch.Nowheislookingfor_______.oneB.thisC.thatD.it()3.Myparentsshowed_______someoldphotosthatbroughtbacksweetmemories.A.IC.myD.mine()4.Ithink_____importanttoprotectourearth.()5.Thatboywithglassesis________newclassmate【考点2】物主代词表示所有关系的代词叫物主代词。物主代词分形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词,如下表所示:数人称类别单数复数第一人称第二人称第三人称第一人称第二人称第三人称形容词性物主代词名词性物主代词中文意思我的你的他的她的它的我们的你们的他(她、它)们的2.形容词性物主代词的作用相当于形容词,可在句中作定语。一般情况下形容词性物主代词后面接名词。如:________teacherisingtosee________.我们的老师要来看我们了。3.名词性物主代词的作用相当于名词,在句中可用作主语、宾语和表语。一般情况下名词性物主代词后面不可接名词。如:________schoolishereand________isthere.我们的学校在这里,他们的在那里。【考题链接】()1.Jessicausedtobeaworker,butshegaveup________jobwhenshebecameamother.heC.herD.herself()2.Ihavealovelypetcat._______nameisLazy.()3.—CanIuseyourbikeforawhile?—Yes.Youmayuse_______bike.Tom'sbikeishere.Icanuse______.my;mineB.mine;hisC.my;hisD.her:hers()4.Theirplantsdon'tgrowverywell,but_______lookreallygood.A.weB.ourC.oursD.ourselves【考点3】反身代词英语中用来表示“我自己”,“你自己”,“他自己”,“我们自己”,“你们自己”,“他们自己”等意义的代词称为反身代词,也有人称之为自身代名词,其形式如下表所示:人称数第一人称第二人称第三人称单数我自己_____________你自己_____________他自己_____________她自己_____________它自己_____________复数我们自己_____________你们自己_____________他/她/它们自己_____________1.反身代词可以在句中作宾语、表语和同位语。(1)作宾语,表示动作的承受者就是动作的发出者,主语和宾语指同一个人或一些人。如:Hecalled________awriter.他称自己为作家。作表语。如:Thegirlinthestoryisactually_______.故事里的那个女孩其实就是她自己。(3)作主语或宾语的同位语,表示亲自或本人。如:Youshouldasktheteacher________.(作宾语同位语)你应该问老师他本人。2.反身代词必须要与被指代人在人称和数上保持一致,意为“某人自己”。如:Youcandoallthehomework________________.你可以自己做所有的家庭作业。3.反身代词在实际运用中,可构成很多固定词组。如:________oneself=learn________oneself自学__________oneself玩得高兴___________oneselfto随便吃_____________迷路 ____________给某人自己穿衣服【考题链接】()1.Lookatthismodelship.Imadeitallby_________lastweek()2.NobodytaughttheoldladyhowtouseWechat.Shelearneditallby_________.sheB.herC.herselfD.hers()3.Nobodycanalwaysetohelpus.Wehavetofightandsave_________.A.yourselvesB.himselfC.myselfD.ourselves()4.WhenwesucceededinreachingthetopofMountTai,wefeltproudof_________.A.weB.usC.ourD.ourselves()5.Whenlifeisdifficult,tell_______thatpainispartofgrowing.youB.yourC.yoursD.yourself【考点4】指示代词1.指示代词this,that,these,those用法例句this和these一般用来指在时间或空间上较近的事物或人that和those则指时间或空间上较远的事物或人________isapenand________isapencil.这是一支钢笔,那是一支铅笔。Wearebusy________days.这些天我们很忙。that和those指前面讲到过的情况this和these则指下面将要讲到的情况Ihadacold.________iswhyIdidn’te.我感冒了,这就是我没有来的原因。WhatIwanttosayis________:wordsareveryimportantinlearningEnglish.我想说的是:学英语时单词非常重要表示两者对比时，为了避免重复提到的名词,常可用that或those代替TheweatherinBeijingiscolderthan________inShanghai.北京的天气比上海的天气冷。ThepeopleinBeijingarecolderthan________inShanghai.北京的人们比上海的人们冷酷。this在用语中代表自己that则代表对方Hello!_______isMary.Is_______Jackspeaking?你好!我是玛丽,你是杰克吗?2.it,one,that作代词的区别代词用法例句it指上文提到过的事物。The

book

is

mine._______is

very

interesting.这本书是我的,它非常有趣。one泛指上下文提及的同类事物中的一个。Your

bike

is

very

beautiful.I

also

want

to

buy

_______.你的自行车很漂亮,我也想买一辆。that常用于比较结构中,代替前面提到的不可数名词或可数名词单数,如指代可数名词复数要用those,为了避免重复。TheweatherinBeijingismuchcolderthan_______inZhanjiang.北京的天气比湛江冷多了。Theflowersontheleftaremorebeautifulthan_______ontheright.左边的花比右边的更美丽。【考题链接】()1.—Hello,Lindaspeaking.Who's_________?—Hello,thisisMartin.eC.thatD.this()2.—Nick,IlostmypenandIcouldn'tfind______anywhere—Therearemanypensinthatbox.Justtake______.A.it;itB.it;oneC.one;itD.one;one()3.Samfindssweepingrobotsuseful,andheplanstobuy________forhisgrandma.A.itB.oneC.this()4.TheweatherofZhuhaiismuchbetterthan_______ofBeijing,IthinkA.itB.thatC.thisD.those【考点5】不定代词没有指明代替任何特定名词的代词叫做不定代词。常见的不定代词有：some,any,one,each,every,no,none,all,both,either,neither,many,much,afew,alittle,other,another,theother等人______________某人______________任何人______________每个人______________没人物______________某物______________任何物______________每件事物______________没有事物地______________某地______________某地______________每个地方______________没有地方注意:（1）形容词或动词不定式修饰复合不定代词时要后置。如：____________________________________________________.我有重要的事情要告诉你。复合不定代词作主语时，其谓语动词一般用单数。如：____________________________________________________.一切准备好了。※易混不定代词辨析some,any相同点some,any都意为“一些”,既可以修饰或代替可数名词复数,也可以修饰或代替不可数名词不同点some常用在__________中any多用于__________、__________及条件句中【牛刀小试】①Ihave_____________teahere.②Ican’tsee_____________tea.

③Wouldyoulike___________tea?(2)many,much相同点many,much都表示“许多”的意思不同点many修饰或代替__________名词的复数,其反义词是__________much修饰或代替__________名词,其反义词是__________【牛刀小试】①Ididn’tknow____________EnglishpeoplewhocouldspeakChinese.

②Isthere____________waterinthebottle?

(3)few,afew,little,alittlefew,afew用来修饰或代替____________名词little,alittle用来修饰或代替____________名词few,little表示__________,意为“很少、几乎没有”afew,alittle表示__________,意为“一些、少许”【牛刀小试】①Heisnowoutofworkandcanmake___________money.

②I’mfromEngland,butIcanspeak___________French.

③___________studentsinthisschoolcanspeakJapanese.TheyspeakEnglish.

④Therearestill___________studentsintheclassroom.(4)another,other,others,theother,theothers①___________泛指三者或三者以上中的任何一个,表示“又一(个),又一些;另外的(人、物),别的(人、物)”,既可用作形容词又可用作代词，后可接数词。②___________表示“另外的”,常与复数名词或不可数名词连用;前面有the,

this,

that,

some,

any,

each,

every,

no,

one,

my,

your,

his等,则可与单数名词连用。③___________泛指“别的人或物(但不是全部)”,是other的复数形式,不能作定语;

some…others…表示“一些……另一些……”。④___________表示“两者中的另一个”,one…theother…意为“(两者中的)一个……另一个……”。theother修饰单数名词时意为“(两者中)另一个”,修饰复数名词时意为“(两部分中)剩下的,其余的”。⑤___________=theother+名词复数,指“剩下的人(或物),其余的人(或物)”。【牛刀小试】①Weneed__________fourpeople.②__________peoplemaythinklikethat.

③Someofthequestionsarehard;__________areeasy.

④Hehastwosons.Oneisthinand__________isfat.

⑤Thereare50studentsinmyclass.30areboys,and__________aregirls.

(5)both,neither,either,allboth“两者都”①与其他名词或代词并列出现,表示“两个都”。②与“of+代词(或名词)”连用______________________________________.这两个学生都是对的。固定搭配为：both...and...neither“两者都不……”①可以与“of+代词(或名词)”连用,作主语时,谓语动词用单数______________________________________.这两个女人都不是老师。固定搭配为：neither...nor...either“两个中的任何一个”①可与“of+代词(或名词)”连用。作主语时,谓语动词用单数。固定搭配为：either...or...all（三者及以上）“所有的”、“都”①可与“of+代词(或名词)”连用【牛刀小试】①Mr.HopeteachesEnglishwellinamiddleschooland__________ofhisstudentslikehim.

②LucyandLily__________agreewithus.

③Petercan’tgotothepartytonight,andIcan’t__________.

④__________ofthemwasingoodhealth,butbothworkedveryhard.

【考题链接】()1.TheNewYearConcertwassoamazingthat______leftinthemiddleofit.verybodyC.nobodyD.somebody()2.Ifyoustayalittlelonger,Ihave______moretotellyouabouttheplanfortomorrow.verybodyC.nobodyD.somebody()3.—Isthere______intoday'smorningnewsonCCTV1?—Yes,FranceTeambeatKoreaTeamby4:0intheWorldCup.anythingspecialB.specialanythingC.somethingspecialD.specialsomething()4.Itriedmanywaystosolvetheproblem,but________ofthemworked.allneitherD.both()5.—Wherewouldyouliketogotomorrow,BeijingorShanghai?—________isOKforme.It'suptoyou.EitherC.BothD.All【真题回顾】一、语法选择()1.WorkersstartedtobuildthebridgeinMay,2018.________cost$2.8millionandtookovertwoyearstoplete.

A.It B.Its C.They D.Theirs()2.Judiedecidedtoaskherdadforhelpasitwas________firsttimetomakeakite.

A.her B.herself C.hers D.she()3.theydecidedtoexperimentwithanimalsandtest________inspaceflights.

A.they B.them C.their ()4.NobodytaughttheoldladyhowtouseWeChat.Shelearneditallby________..

A.she B.her C.herself ()5.hedideverythingwellandlivedfor________16years.

A.another B.other C.others D.theothers()6.I’llgodowntoshowmysupport,ifIcan’tdo________more.A.Something B.everything C.anything D.nothing()7.DeepintheforestlivesDavid,wholovesbooks.Assoonashereadsonebook,hebringshome________.

other B.another C.theother D.theothers二、短文填空1.LikemostChinese,Mr.Zhanghasatraditionalfamily.________heandhiswifearemiddleschoolteacherswhiletheir6yearoldsonisapupil.

2.Onemanhasturnedhisinterestintoloveandthislovemade________writemanybooksaboutChina.3.Althoughitwasonlyalittlemoney,shehelped12kidswithit!Shefeltveryexcitedwhenshesawsmileson________faces.4.Asweallknow,respectingtheoldandtakingcareoftheyoungisagoodChinesetradition.Weshouldtry________besttocareforourfamily.5.EventodaywhenWillthinksthathewon’tbeabletodosomething,hewilllookbacktothisexperienceandkeeptelling________,“onebrickatatime”.6.WhenthefilmgroupmeettheSmiths,theyfindthatMrs.Smith,Mrs.Smithandtheirtwosonsaresocrazyabouttechnologythat________hardlydothingstogether.7.Wetoldhimnottoworryaboutitandthenwetriedtogetintouchwithhismotherwiththephonenumberhegaveus…Whenshesawherson,shewas