土木工程专业英语词汇

目录1.建筑专业 1.ARCHITECTUREa.设计依据 DESIGNBASIS b.设计阶段 DESIGNSTAGE c.气象条件 CLIMATECONDITION d.常用房间名称 GENERALROOMNAME e.屋面及天棚 ROOFING&CEILING f.墙体(外墙板) WALL(CLADDING) g.地面及地沟 FLOOR&TRENCH h.门、玻璃、窗及五金件 DOORS、GLASS、WINDOWS&IRONMONGERY(HARDWARE) I.楼梯、休息平台及电梯STAIRCASE、LANDING&LIFT(ELEVATOR) j.建筑材料词汇及短语 BUILDINGMATERIALWORDSANDPHRASES砖和瓦【BricksandTiles】灰、砂和石【Lime,SandandStone】水泥、砂浆和混凝土【Cement,MortarandConcrete】饰面及粉刷材料【FacingAndPlasteringMaterials】沥青和石棉【Asphalt(Bitumen)andAsbestos】木材【Timber】金属材料【MetallicMaterials】有色金属【Non-FerrousMetal】防腐蚀材料【Anti-CorrosionMaterials】建筑五金【BuildingHardware】油漆【Paint】 k.其他建筑术语OTHERARCHITECTURALTERMS专业【Discipline】一般术语【ConventionalTerms】建筑物理【ArchitecturalPhysics】职务名称【NameOfProfessionalrole】制图【Drafting】2.结构专业2.STRUCTURE a.负载LOAD b.地基和基础GROUNDBASEANDFOUNDATION c.钢筋混凝土结构REINFORCEMENTCONCRETESTRUCTUREd.钢结构STEELSTRUCTURE e.抗震设计DESIGNFORANTISEISMIC f.设计常用词汇GENERALWORDSFORDESIGN g.施工常用词汇GENERALWORDSFORCONSTRUCTIONa.设计依据 DESIGNBASIS计划建议书 planningproposals设计任务书 designorder标准规范 standardsandcodes条件图 informationdrawing设计基础资料 basicdatafordesign工艺流程图 processflowchart工程地质资料 engineeringgeologicaldata原始资料 originaldata设计进度 scheduleofdesignb.设计阶段 STAGEOFDESIGN方案 scheme；draft草图 sketch会谈纪要 summaryofdiscussion,minutesofmeeting谈判 negotiation可行性研究 feasibilitystudy初步设计 preliminarydesign基础设计 basicdesign详细设计 detaildesign询价图 enquirydrawing施工图 workingdrawing,constructiondrawing竣工图 asbuiltdrawingC.气象条件 CLIMATECONDITION日照 sunshine风玫瑰 windrose主导风向 prevailingwinddirection最大(平均)风速 maximum(mean)windvelocity风荷载 windload最大(平均)降雨量 maximum(mean)rainfall雷击及闪电 thunderandlightning飓风 hurricane台风 typhoon旋风 cyclone降雨强度 rainfallintensity年降雨量 annualrainfall湿球温度 wetbulbtemperature干球温度 drybulbtemperature冰冻期 frostperiod冰冻线 frostline冰冻区 frostzone室外计算温度 calculatingoutdoortemperature采暖地区 regionwithheatingprovision不采暖地区 regionwithoutheatingprovision绝对大气压 absoluteatmosphericpressure相对湿度 relativehumidityd.常用房间名称 GENERALROOMNAME服务用房 serviceroom换班室 shiftroom休息室 restroom(breakroom)起居室 livingroom浴室 bathroom淋浴间 shower更衣室 lockerroom厕所 lavatory门厅 lobby诊室 clinic工作间 workshop电气开关室 switchroom走廊 corridor档案室 archive电梯机房 liftmotorroom会议室(正式) conferenceroom衣柜间 wardrobe暖风间 H.V.A.Croom接待处 receptionarea会计室 accountantroom秘书室 secretaryroom电气室 electricalroom控制室 controlroom工长室 foremanoffice开关柜室 switchgear前室 antecabinet(Ante.)生产区 productionarea马达控制中心 Mcc多功能用房 utilityroom化验室 laboratoryroom经理室 managerroom披屋(阁楼) penthouse警卫室 guardhousee.屋面及天棚 ROOFINGANDCEILING女儿墙 parapet雨蓬 canopy屋脊 roofridge坡度 slope坡跨比 pitch分水线 water-shed二毡三油 2layersoffelt&3coatsofbitmastic附加油毡一层 extraplyoffelt檐口 eave挑檐 overhangingeave檐沟 eavegutter平屋面 flatroof坡屋面 pitchedroof雨水管 downspout,rainwaterpipe)(R.W.P)汇水面积 catchmentarea泛水 flashing内排水 interiordrainage外排水 exteriordrainage屋面排水 roofdrainage找平层 levelingcourse卷材屋面 built-uproofing天棚 ceiling檩条 purlin屋面板 roofingboard天花板 ceilingboard防水层 water-proofcourse检查孔 inspectionhole人孔;探空 manhole吊顶 suspendedceiling,falseceiling檐板(窗帘盒) cornicef.墙体(外墙板) WALL(CLADDING)砖墙 brickwall砌块墙 blockwall清水砖墙 brickwallwithoutplastering抹灰墙 renderedwall石膏板墙 gypsumboard,plasterboard空心砖墙 hollowbrickwall承重墙 bearingwall非承重墙 non-bearingwall纵墙 longitudinalwall横墙 transversewall外墙 external(exterior)wall内墙 internal(interior)wall填充墙 fillerwall防火墙 firewall窗间墙 wallbetweenwindow空心墙 cavitywall压顶 coping圈梁 gird,girt,girth玻璃隔断 glazedwall防潮层 damp-proofcourse(D.P.C)遮阳板 sunshade阳台 balcony伸缩缝 expansionjoint沉降缝 settlementjoint抗震缝 seismicjoint复合夹心板 sandwichboard压型单板 corrugatedsinglesteelplate外墙板 claddingpanel复合板 compositepanel轻质隔断 light-weightpartition牛腿 bracket砖烟囱 brickchimney勒脚(基座) plinthg.地面及地沟 FLOORANDTRENCH地坪 grade地面和楼面 groundandfloor素土夯实 rammedearth炉渣夯实 tampedcinder填土 filledearth回填土夯实 tampedbackfill垫层 beddingcourse,blinding面层 covering,finish结合层 bonding(binding)course找平层 levelingcourse素水泥浆结合层 neatcementbindingcourse混凝土地面 concretefloor水泥地面 cementfloor机器磨平混凝土地面 machinetoweledconcretefloor水磨石地面 terrazzoflooring马赛克地面 mosaicflooring瓷砖地面 ceramictileflooring油地毡地面 linoleumflooring预制水磨石地面 precastterrazzoflooring硬木花地面 hard-woodparquetflooring搁栅 joist硬木毛地面 hard-woodroughflooring企口板地面 tonguedandgroovedflooring防酸地面 acid-resistantfloor钢筋混凝土楼板 reinforcedconcreteslab(R.CSlab)乙烯基地面 vinylflooring水磨石嵌条 dividerstripforterrazzo地面做2％坡 floorwith2%slope集水沟 gully集水口 gulley排水沟 drainagetrench沟盖板 trenchcover活动盖板 removablecoverplate集水坑 sumppit孔翻边 holeupstand电缆沟 cabletrenchh.DOORS,GLASS,WINDOWS&IRONMONGERY(HARDWARE)门、玻璃、窗及五金件木(钢)门 wooden(steel)door镶板门 panelleddoor夹板门 plywooddoor铝合金门 aluminumalloydoor卷帘门 rollershutterdoor弹簧门 swingdoor推拉门 slidingdoor平开门 side-hungdoor折叠门 foldingdoor旋转门 revolvingdoor玻璃门 glazeddoor密闭门 air-Tightdoor保温门 thermalinsulatingdoor镀锌铁丝网门 galvanizedsteelwiremeshdoor防火门 firedoor(大门上的)小门 wicket门框 doorframe门扇 doorleaf门洞 dooropening结构开洞 structuralopening单扇门 singledoor双扇门 doubledoor疏散门 emergencydoor纱门 screendoor门槛 doorsill门过梁 doorlintel上冒头 toprail下冒头 bottomrail门边木 stile门樘侧料 sidejumb槽口 notch百叶窗(通风为主) sun-bind,louver(louver,shutter,blind)塑钢窗 plasticsteelwindow空腹钢窗 hollowsteelwindow固定窗 fixedwindow平开窗 side-hungwindow推拉窗 slidingwindow气窗 transom上悬窗 top-hungwindow中悬窗 center-pivotedwindow下悬窗 hopperwindow活动百叶窗 adjustablelouver天窗 skylight老虎窗 dormerwindow密封双层玻璃 sealeddoubleglazing钢筋混凝土过梁 reinforcedconcretelintel钢筋砖过梁 reinforcedbricklintel窗扇 casementsash窗台 windowsill窗台板 windowboard窗中梃 mullion窗横木 mutin窗边木 stile压缝条 covermould窗帘盒 curtainbox合页(铰链) hinge(butts)转轴 pivot长脚铰链 parliamenthinge闭门器 doorcloser地弹簧 floorcloser插销 bolt门锁 doorlock拉手 pull链条 chain门钩 doorhanger碰球 balllatch窗钩 windowcatch暗插销 insertbolt电动开关器 electricalopener平板玻璃 plateglass夹丝玻璃 wireglass透明玻璃 clearglass毛玻璃(磨砂玻璃) groundglass(frostedglass)防弹玻璃 bullet-proofglass石英玻璃 quartzglass吸热玻璃 heatabsorbingglass磨光玻璃 polishedglass着色玻璃 pigmentedglass玻璃瓦 glasstile玻璃砖 glassblock有机玻璃 organicglass.I楼梯、休息平台及电梯 STAIRCASE,LANDING&LIFT(ELEVATOR)楼梯间 staircase疏散梯 emergencystair旋转梯 spiralstair(circularstair)吊车梯 craneladder直爬梯 verticalladder踏步 step扇形踏步 winder(wheelstep)踏步板 tread档步板 riser踏步宽度 treadwidth防滑条 non-slipinsert(strips)栏杆 railing(balustrade)平台栏杆 platformrailing吊装孔栏杆 railingaroundmountinghole扶手 handrail梯段高度 heightofflight防护梯笼 protectingcage(safetycage)平台 landing(platform)操作平台 operatingplatform装卸平台 platformforloading&unloading楼梯平台 stairlanding电梯机房 liftmortarroom电梯坑 liftpit电梯井道 liftshaftj.建筑材料词汇及短语 BUILDINGMATERIALWORDSANDPHRASES•砖和瓦 BricksandTiles红砖 redbrick粘土砖 claybrick瓷砖 glazedbrick(ceramictile)防火砖 firebrick空心砖 hollowbrick面砖 facingbrick地板砖 flooringtile缸砖 clinkerybrick马赛克 mosaic陶粒混凝土 ceramsiteconcrete琉璃瓦 glazedtile脊瓦 ridgetile石棉瓦 asbestostile(shingle)波形石棉水泥瓦 corrugatedasbestoscementsheet•灰、砂和石 Lime,SandandStone石膏 gypsum大理石 marble汉白玉 whitemarble花岗岩 granite碎石 crushedstone毛石 rubble蛭石 vermiculite珍珠岩 pearlite卵石 cobble砾石 gravel粗砂 coursesand中砂 mediumsand细砂 finesand•水泥、砂浆和混凝土 Cement,MortarandConcrete波特兰水泥(普通硅酸盐水泥) Portlandcement硅酸盐水泥 silicatecement火山灰水泥 pozzolanacement白水泥 whitecement水泥砂浆 cementmortar石灰砂浆 limemortar水泥石灰砂浆(混合砂浆) cement-limemortar保温砂浆 thermalmortar防水砂浆 water-proofmortar耐酸砂浆 acid-resistantmortar耐碱砂浆 alkaline-resistantmortar沥青砂浆 bituminousmortar纸筋灰 paperstripmixedlimemortar麻刀灰 hempcutlimemortar灰缝 mortarjoint素混凝土 plainconcrete钢筋混凝土 reinforcedconcrete轻质混凝土 lightweightconcrete细石混凝土 fineaggregateconcrete沥青混凝土 asphaltconcrete泡沫混凝土 foamedconcrete炉渣混凝土 cinderconcrete饰面及粉刷材料FacingAndPlasteringMaterials水刷石 graniticplaster斩假石 artificialstone刷浆 limewash可赛银 casein大白浆 whitewash麻刀灰打底 hempcutsandlimeasbase喷大白浆两道 sprayedtwicewithwhitewash分格抹水泥砂浆 cementmortarplastersectioned板条抹灰 lathandplaster•沥青和石棉 Asphalt(Bitumen)andAsbestos沥青卷材 asphaltfelt沥青填料 asphaltfiller沥青胶泥 asphaltgrout冷底子油 adhesivebitumenprimer沥青玛啼脂 asphalticmastic沥青麻丝 bitumasticoakum石棉板 asbestossheet石棉纤维 asbestosfiber•木材 Timber裂缝 crack透裂 split环裂 shake干缩 shrinkage翘曲 warping原木 log圆木 roundtimber方木 squaretimber板材 plank木条 batten板条 lath木板 board红松 redpine白松 whitepine落叶松 deciduouspine云杉 spruce樟木 camphorwood防腐处理的木材 preservative-treatedlumber胶合板 plywood三(五)合板3(5)- plywood企口板 tonguedandgroovedboard层夹板 laminatedplank胶合层夹木材 glue-laminatedlumber纤维板 fiber-board•金属材料 MetallicMaterials黑色金属 ferrousmetal圆钢 steelbBar方钢 squaresteel扁钢 steelatrap型钢 steelsection(shape)槽钢 channel角钢 anglesteel等边角钢 equal-legangle不等边角钢 unequal-legangle工字钢 I-beam宽翼缘工字钢 wideflangeI-beam丁(之)字钢 T-bar(Z-bar)冷弯薄壁型钢 lightgaugecold-formedsteelshape热轧 hot-rolled冷轧 cold-rolled冷拉 cold-drawn冷压 cold-pressed合金钢 alloysteel钛合金 titaniumalloy不锈钢 stainlesssteel竹节钢筋 corrugatedsteelbar变形钢筋 deformedbar光圆钢筋 plainroundbar钢板 steelplate薄钢板 thinsteelplate低碳钢 lowcarbonsteel冷弯 coldbending钢管 steelpipe(tube)无缝钢管 seamlesssteelpipe焊接钢管 weldedsteelpipe黑铁管 ironpipe镀锌钢管 galvanizedsteelpipe铸铁 castiron生铁 pigiron熟铁 wroughtiron镀锌铁皮 galvanizedsteelsheet镀锌铁丝 galvanizedsteelwire钢丝网 steelwiremesh多孔金属网 expandedmetal锰钢l managanesesteel高强度合金钢 highstrengthalloysteel•有色金属 Non-FerrousMetal白金 platinum铜 copper黄铜 brass青铜 bronze银 silver铝 aluminum铅 lead•防腐蚀材料 Anti-CorrosionMaterials聚乙烯 polythene,polyethylene尼龙 nylon聚氯乙烯 PVC(polyvinylchloride)聚碳酸酯 polycarbonate聚苯乙烯 polystyrene丙烯酸树酯 acrylicresin乙烯基酯 vinylester橡胶内衬 rubberlining氯丁橡胶 neoprene沥青漆 bitumenpaint环氧树脂漆 epoxyresinpaint氧化锌底漆 zincoxideprimer防锈漆 anti-rustpaint耐酸漆 acid-resistantpaint耐碱漆 alkali-resistantpaint水玻璃 sodiumsilicate树脂砂浆 resin-bondedmortar环氧树脂 epoxyresin•BuildingHardware建筑五金钉子 nails螺纹屋面钉 spiral-threadedroofingnail环纹石膏板钉 annular-ringgypsumboardnail螺丝 screws平头螺丝 flat-headscrew螺栓 bolt普通螺栓 commercial/plainbolt高强螺栓 highstrengthbolt预埋螺栓 insertbolt胀锚螺栓 cinchbolt垫片 washer•油漆 Paint底漆 primer防锈底漆 rust-inhibitiveprimer防腐漆 anti-corrosionpaint调和漆 mixedpaint无光漆 flatpaint透明漆 varnish银粉漆 aluminumpaint磁漆 enamelpaint干性油 dryingoil稀释剂 thinner焦油 tar沥青漆 asphaltpaint桐油 tungoil,Chinesewoodoil红丹 redlead铅油 leadoil腻子 puttyk.OTHERARCHITECTURALTERMS其它建筑术语•专业 Discipline建筑 architecture土木 civil给排水 watersupplyanddrainage总图 plotplan采暖通风 H.V.A.C(heating、ventilationandairconditioning)电力供应 electricpowersupply电气照明 electriclighting电讯 telecommunication仪表 instrument热力供应 heatpowersupply动力 mechanicalpower工艺 processtechnology管道 piping•一般通用名词 ConventionalTerms建筑原理 architectonics建筑形式 architecturalstyle民用建筑 civilarchitecture城市建筑 urbanarchitecture农村建筑 ruralarchitecture附属建筑 auxiliarybuildings城市规划 cityplanning厂区内 withinsite厂区外 offsite封闭式 closedtype开敞式 opentype半开敞式 semi-opentype模数制 modularsystem单位造价 unitcost概算 preliminaryestimate承包商 constructor,contractor现场 site扩建 extension改建 reconstruction防火 fire-prevention防震 aseismatic,quake-proof防腐 anti-corrosion防潮 dump-proof防水 water-proof防尘 dust-proof防锈 rust-proof车流量 trafficvolume货流量 freighttrafficvolume人流量 pedestrianvolume透视图 perspectivedrawing建筑模型 buildingmodel•建筑物理 ArchitecturalPhysics照明 illumination照度 degreeofillumination亮度 brightness日照 sunshine天然采光 naturallighting光强 lightintensity侧光 sidelight顶光 toplight眩光 glaze方位角 azimuth辐射 radiation对流 convection传导 conduction遮阳 sun-shade保温 thermalinsulation恒温 constanttemperature恒湿 constanthumidity噪音 noise隔音 sound-proof吸音 soundabsorption露点 dewpoint隔汽 vapor-proof职务名称NameOfProfessionalrole项目经理 projectmanager(PM)设计经理 designmanager首席建筑师 principalarchitect总工程师 chiefengineer土木工程师 civilengineer工艺工程师 processengineer电气工程师 electricalengineer机械工程师 mechanicalengineer计划工程师 planningengineer助理工程师 assistantengineer实习生 probationer专家 specialist,expert制图员 draftsman技术员 technician•制图 Drafting总说明 generalspecification工程说明 projectspecification采用标准规范目录 listofstandardsandspecificationadopted图纸目录 listofdrawings平面图 plan局部放大图 detailwithenlargedscale．．．平面示意图 schematicplanof...．．．平剖面图 sectionalplanof...留孔平面图 planofprovisionofholes剖面 section纵剖面 longitudinalsection横剖面 cross(transverse)section立面 elevation正立面 frontelevation透视图 perspectivedrawing侧立面 sideelevation背立面 backelevation详图 detaildrawings典型节点 typicaldetail节点号 detailNo.首页 frontpage图纸目录及说明 listofcontentsanddescription图例 legend示意图 diagram草图 sketch荷载简图 loaddiagram流程示意图 flowdiagram标准图 standarddrawing．．．布置图. layoutof..地形图 topographicalmap土方工程图 earth-workdrawing展开图 developeddrawing模板图 formworkdrawing配筋 arrangementofreinforcement表格 tables工程进度表 workingschedule技术经济指标 technicalandeconomicalindex建、构筑物一览表 listofbuildingsandstructures编号 coding序列号 serialNo.行和栏 rowsandcolumns备注 remarks等级 grade直线 straightLine曲线 curves曲折线 zigzagline虚线 dottedline实线 solidline影线 hatchingline点划线 dotanddashline轴线 axis等高线 contourLine中心线 centerLine双曲线 hyperbola抛物线 parabola切线 tangentLine尺寸线 dimensionLine园形 round环形 annular方形 square矩形 rectangle平行四边形 parallelogram三角形 triangle五角形 pentagon六角形 hexagon八角形 octagon梯形 trapezoid圆圈 circle弓形 sagment扇形 sector球形的 spherical抛物面 paraboloid圆锥形 cone椭圆形 ellipse,oblong面积 area体积 volume容量 capacity重量 weight质量 mass牛顿/平方米 Newton/squaremeter千克/立方米 kilogram/cubicmeter加仑 gallon千磅 kip平均尺寸 averagedimension变尺寸 variabledimension外形尺寸 overalldimension展开尺寸 developeddimension内径 insidediameter外径 outsidediameter净重 netweight毛重 grossweight净空 clearance净高 headroom净距 cleardistance净跨 clearspan截面尺寸 sectionaldimension开间 bay进深 depth单跨 singlespan双跨 doublespan多跨 multi-span标高 elevation,level绝对标高 absoluteelevation设计标高 designedelevation室外地面标高 groundelevation室内地面标高 floorelevation柱网 columngrid坐标 coordinate厂区占地 sitearea使用面积 usablearea辅助面积 servicearea通道面积 passagearea管架 piperack管廊 pipelinegallery架空管线 overheadpipeline排水沟 drainditch集水坑 sumppit喷泉 fountain地漏 floordrain消火栓 firehydrant灭火器 fireextinguisher二氧化碳灭火器 carbondioxideextinguisher卤代烷灭火器 halonextinguisher2.结构专业 STRUCTUREa.荷载 Load拔力 pullingforce标准值 standardvalue残余应力 residualstress冲击荷载 impactload,punchload残余变形 residualdeflection承压 bearing承载能力 bearingcapacity承重 bearing,loadbearing承重结构 bearingstructure脆性材料 brittlematerial脆性破坏 brittlefailure抵抗力 resistingpower,resistance吊车荷载 craneload分布荷载 distributedload风荷载 windload风速 windvelocity,windspeed风压 windpressure风振 windvibration浮力 buoyance,floatage符号 symbol,mark负弯矩 negativemoment,hoggingmoment附加荷载 additionalload附加应力 additionalstress副作用 sideeffect,by-effect刚度 rigidity刚度比 ratioofrigidity刚度系数 rigidityfactor刚接 rigidconnection刚性节点 rigidjoint恒载 deadload荷载传递 transmissionofload固端弯矩 fixed-endmoment活荷载 liveload积灰荷载 dustload集中荷载 concentratedload加载,加荷 loading剪力 shear,shearingforce剪切破坏 shearfailure剪应变 shearstrain剪应力 shearstress简支 simplesupport静定结构 staticallydeterminatestructure截面模量 modulusofsection,sectionmodulus静力 staticforce静力分析 staticanalysis局部压力 localpressure,partialpressure局部压屈 localbulkling绝对值 absolutevalue均布荷载 uniformlydistributedload抗拔力 pullingresistance抗剪刚度 shearrigidity抗剪强度 shearstrength,shearingstrength抗拉强度 tensilestrength抗扭 torsionresistance抗扭刚度 torsionalrigidity抗弯 bendingresistance抗弯刚度 bendingrigidity抗压强度 compressivestrength,可靠性 reliability可靠性设计 reliabilitydesign拉力 tensileforce拉应力 tensilestress,tensionstress拉应变 tensilestrain,tensionstrain临界点 criticalpoint临界荷载 criticalload临界应力 criticalstress密度 density离心力 centrifugalforce摩擦力 frictionforce摩擦系数 frictionalfactor挠度 deflection内力 internalforce,innerforce扭矩 momentoftorsion,torsionalmoment疲劳强度 fatiguestrength偏心荷载 eccentricload,non-centralload偏心距 eccentricdistance,eccentricity偏心受拉 eccentrictension偏心受压 eccentriccompression屈服强度 yieldstrength使用荷载 workingload水平力 horizontalforce水平推力 horizontalthrust弹塑性变形 elastoplasticdeformation弹性 elasticity,resilience,spring塑限 plasticlimit弹性变形 elasticdeformation弹性模量 modulusofelastic,elasticmodulus体积 volume,bulk,cubature,cubage土压力 earthpressure,soilpressure弯矩 bendingmoment,moment弯曲半径 radiusatbent,radiusofcurve位移 displacement温度应力 temperaturestress温度作用 temperatureaction系数 coefficient,factor雪荷载 snowload压应变 compressionstrain压应力 compressionstress应力集中 concentrationofstress预应力 prestressingforce,prestress振动荷载 vibratingload,rackingload支座反力 supportreaction自重 ownweight作用 action,effect作用点 pointofapplication,applicationjointb.地基及基础 GroundBaseandFoundation板桩 sheetpile,sheetingpile板桩基础 sheetpilefoundation饱和粘土 saturationclay冰冻线 frostline,freezinglevel不均匀沉降 unequalsettlement,differentialsettlement残积土 residualsoil沉积物 deposit,sediment沉降 settlement沉降差 differenceinsettlement沉降缝 settlementjoint沉井 sinkingwell,sunkwell沉箱 caisson持力层 bearingstratum冲积 alluviation锤夯 hammertamping档土墙 retainingwall,breastwall底板 baseslab,baseplate,bedplate地板 floorboard地基 groundbase,ground地基承载力 groundbearingcapacity地基处理 groundtreatment,soiltreatment地基稳定 basestabilization地梁 groundbeam,groundsill地下工程 substructurework,understructurework地下室 basement,cellar地下水 groundwater地下水位 groundwaterlevel,watertable地下水压力 groundwaterpressure地质报告 geologicreport垫层 bedding,blinding独立基础 isolatedfoundation,individualfoundation端承桩 end-bearingpile筏式基础 raftfoundation粉砂 silt,rockflour粉质粘土 siltyclay粉质土 siltysoil扶壁式档土墙 buttressedretainingwall腐蚀 corrosion覆土 earthcovering刚性基础 rigidfoundation沟盖板 trenchcover固结 consolidation灌注桩 cast-in-placepile,castinsitepile护坡 slopeprotection,revetment护桩 guardpile环墙 ringwall灰土 limeearth回填 backfill,backfilling回填土 backfill,backfillsoil混凝土找平层 concretescreed火山灰水泥 trasscement基槽 foundationtrench基础 foundation,base基础底板 foundationslab基础埋深 embeddeddepthoffoundation基础 foundationplan地基勘 siteexploration,siteinvestigation基坑 foundationpit集水坑 collectingsump阶形基础 steppedfoundation结合层 bindingcourse,bondingcourse井点 wellpoint井点排水 wellpointunwatering开挖 excavation,cutting勘测 explorationandsurvey勘测资料 explorationdata沥青 bitumen,asphalt,pitch联合基础 combinedfoundation卵石 cobble,pebble埋置 embedment毛石基础 rubblefoundation锚筋 anchorbar锚桩 anchorpile密实度 compactness,density,denseness摩擦桩 frictionpile,floatingpile粘土 clay粘质粉土 claysilt碾压 rollercompaction,rolling排水 drainage,dewatering排水沟 drainageditch排水孔 weephole,drainhole排水设备 dewateringequipment普通硅酸盐水泥 ordinaryPortlandcement群桩 groupedpiles容许沉降 permissiblesettlement容许承载力 allowablebearing软土 softsoil砂垫层 sandbeddingcourse,sandcushion砂土 sandysoil,sands砂质粉土 sandysilt设备基础 equipmentfoundation水泥搅拌桩 cementinjection素土夯实 rammedearth,packedsoil碎石桩 stonecolumns弹性地基 elasticfoundation弹性地基梁 beamonelasticfoundation填方 fill,filling填土 earth-fill,earthfilling,filling条形基础 stripfoundation土方工程 earthwork挖方 excavationwork,excavation箱形基础 boxfoundation压实 compaction,compacting压实系数 compactingfactor验槽 checkoffoundationsubsoil预制混凝土桩 precastconcretepile中砂 mediumsand重力式档土墙 gravityretainingwall桩承台 pilecap钻孔桩 boredpile钻探 explorationdrilling,drilling,最终沉降 finalsettlementc.钢筋混凝土结构ReinforcementConcreteStructure板缝 slabjoint板厚 thicknessofslab板式楼梯 crankedslabstairs板跨度 spanofslab薄壁结构 thin-walledstructure薄腹梁 thinweddedgirder保护层 protectivecoating臂式吊车 boomcrane,boomhoist边梁 edgebeam,boundarybeam变截面 variablecross-section变形缝 movementjoint变形钢筋 deformedbar初凝 initialsetting,pre-setting次梁 secondarybeam大型屋面板 precastribbedroofslab单层厂房 one-storiedfactory单筋梁 beamwithsinglereinforcement单跨 singlespan单向板 one-wayslab垫块 cushionblock垫梁 templatebeam吊车梁 cranebeam,cranegirder顶棚抹灰 ceilingplastering端跨 endspan,tailbay多跨连续梁 multi-spanbeam翻边 upstand反梁 upstandbeam分布钢筋 distribution-bar封闭式箍筋 closedstirrup附加钢筋 additionalbar刚架 rigidframe,stiffframe钢筋 reinforcement,steelbar,bar钢筋表 BarSchedules钢筋笼 steelreinforcementcage钢筋间距 spacingofbars,barspacing钢筋网, bar-matreinforcement,meshreinforcement钢筋砖 reinforcedbrick勾缝 jointpointing构架 frame,gallows构件 member,structuralmember构造 construction构造钢筋 constructionalreinforcement构造柱 constructionalcolumn,tiecolumn构筑物 structure箍筋 hoopreinforcement,hooping箍筋间距 stirrupspacing固定端 fixedend,retainedend固端梁 fixed-endbeam,fixedbeam过梁 lintel,breastsummer混凝土强度等级 gradeofconcrete机制砖 machine-madebrick剪力墙 shearwall简支梁 simplysupportedbeam经济跨度 economicspan经济配筋率 economicratioofreinforcement劲性钢筋 stiffreinforcement劲性钢筋混凝土结构 steelcompositeconstruction径向钢筋 radialreinforcement抗剪钢筋 shearreinforcement抗拉钢筋 tensionreinforcement受压钢筋 compressionreinforcement可见裂缝 visiblecrack刻痕钢丝 indentedsteelwire坑 pit,hollow,delve空斗墙 rowlockcavitywall,rolockwall空心板 hollowslab空心砖隔墙 hollowtilepartition跨度 span框架 frame框架剪力墙结构 frame-shearwallstructure拉接钢筋 tiebar栏杆railing,banister栏杆立柱 railingpost老化 aging累积误差 accumulatederror肋形楼板 ribbedfloorslab冷拔低碳钢丝 cold-drawnlow-carbonwire冷脆性 coldshortness,coolingbrittleness冷弯 coldbending冷轧 coldrolling离析 segregation梁垫 beampad,template,pad梁挠度 beamdeflection楼梯斜梁 string,stringer螺旋楼梯 spiralstair,windingstaircase马鞍形壳 saddleshell锚固 anchoring门框,门樘doorframe门式刚架 portalframe面砖,墙面砖 facingtile,walltile耐火混凝土 fire-resistingconcrete排架 bent,bentframe女儿墙 parapetwall,parapet配筋率 reinforcementratio配箍率 stirrupratio砌块 block圈梁 ringbeam,tiebeam,bondbeam山墙 gable深梁 deepbeam伸缩缝 expansionjoint实腹梁 solidwebgirder实腹柱 solidwebcolumn竖向钢筋 verticalreinforcement双向配筋 two-wayreinforcement素混凝土 plainconcrete筒中筒结构 tube-in-tubestructure网状钢筋 steelmeshreinforcement围堰 cofferdam,coffer无梁楼盖 flatslab,flatplate系梁 tiebeam预应力钢筋混凝土 prestressedreinforcedconcrete预应力构件 prestressedcomponent预制 prefabrication预制板 precastslab预制构件 prefabricationcomponent预制装配式结构 prefabricatedconstruction折板 foldedplate,foldedslab折板结构 folded-platestructure主筋 mainreinforcement,mainbar主梁 mainbeam,girder柱距 columnspacing,postspacing装配式结构 fabricatedstructure纵梁 longitudinalbeam纵剖面 longitudinalsection纵向钢筋 longitudinalbard.钢结构d.SteelStructure薄壁型钢 light-gaugesteelsection,hollowsteelsection不等肢角钢 unequalanglesteel槽钢 channel,channelsteel背对背角钢组合 anglesbacktoback不锈钢 stainlesssteel除锈 rust-removal粗制螺栓 roughbolt,blackbolt带钢 stripsteel,bandiron单面焊 singleweld,one-sidewelding地脚螺栓 foundationbolt,anchorbolt,holdingdownbolt点焊 spotwelding,pointwelding电动葫芦 electrichoist等边角钢 equalangle,equallegangle对接焊,对焊 buttwelding腹板 webplate,web腹杆 webmember腹板加劲件 webstiffener杆 rod,bar钢板 steelplate钢管 steeltube,steelpipe钢桁架 steeltruss钢框架 steelframe钢梯,爬梯 steelladder高强度螺栓 highstrengthbolt格构柱 latticecolumn工字梁 I-girder,I-beam工字钢 I-steel工字形截面 I-shapedcross-section焊缝 weldingseam焊接 welding焊接长度 weldlength焊条 weldingrod桁架 truss红丹底漆 redleadprimer红丹漆 redleadpaint加劲肋 stiffeningrib,ribstiffener加劲板 stiffeningplate角钢 anglesteel节点 joint,node节点板 gussetplate,gusset节点位移 jointdisplacement节间长度 panellength紧固螺栓 clampbolt,fasteningbolt精制螺栓 turnedbolt可焊性 weldability空腹桁架 open-webtruss空间桁架 spacetruss肋板 ribbedpanel,ribbedslab连接板 connectingplate,jointplate檩条 purline螺母 screwnut,nut螺栓 bolt螺栓孔 bolthole螺纹 screwthread,thread螺纹长度 lengthofthread螺纹钢 screw-threadedsteel,twistedsteel拉杆 tierod,tensionrod满焊 fullweld铆钉 rivet锰钢 manganesesteel喷砂 sandblasting轻钢结构 lightweightsteelconstruction三角架 tripod上弦 topchord,upperchord上弦横向水平支撑 upperlateralbracing上弦纵向水平支撑 upperlongitudinalbracing平面桁架 planetruss实腹刚架 solidwebrigidframe塔架 pylonbent特种钢 specialsteel调和漆 mixedpaint贴角焊 filletweld,filletwelding托架 bracket网架结构 gridstructure屋架 rooftruss,principal无缝钢管 seamlesssteelpipe系杆 tierod,tiebar,tie下弦 bottomchord,lowerchord下弦横向水平支撑 bottomlateralbracing斜撑 diagonalbrace,diagonalbracing型钢 sectionsteel,shapedsteel悬索 suspendedcable,suspensioncable压力焊 pressurewelding仰焊 overheadwelding,invertedwelding翼缘 flange翼缘板 flangeplate,coverplate轧制型钢 rolledsteelsection支撑 bracing,strutting铸铁管 castironpipe组合槽钢 built-upchannel组合截面 built-upsection,compoundsection自动焊接 automaticweldinge.抗震设计e.DesignforAntiseismic鞭梢效应 whippingeffect场地类别 siteclassification场地土 sitesoil单自由度体系 single-degreeoffreedomsystem底部剪力法 equivalentbaseshearmethod地震 earthquake,seism地震烈度 earthquakeintensity,seismicintensity地震烈度区划图 mapofseismicintensityzoning地震影响系数 seismicinfluencecoefficient地震作用 earthquakeaction多自由度体系 multi-degreeoffreedomsystem反应谱 responsespectrum抗震 earthquakeresistance抗震缝 seismicjoint,aseismicjoint抗震构造 aseismicconstruc