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POLITICS

&

SOCIETYSubstanceuseinSouthKoreaCHAPTER

01OverviewShareofadultsdrinkingalcoholinSouthKoreafrom2010to2021AlcoholconsumptionamongadultsinSouthKorea2010-202178.5%77.7%77.5%77.2%77.5%76.5%75.5%74.5%73.5%72.5%71.5%76.6%76.5%76.2%76%75.6%75.5%75%74.1%72.4%2021201020112012201320142015201620172018201920203Description:In2021,around72.4percentofsurveyedSouthKoreanaged19andabovestatedthattheyweredrinkingalcohol.Thehighestdrinkingratewasamongrespondentsagedbetween19and29yearsold,witharound87.7percent.

ReadmoreNote(s):SouthKorea;2010to2021;5,861respondents(2,630malerespondentsand3,231femalerespondents);19yearsandolder;peoplewhohadatleastonedrinkwithinthepreviousyearSource(s):KOSIS;MOHW(SouthKorea)PercapitaconsumptionofalcoholinSouthKoreafrom1961to2021(inliters)PercapitaalcoholconsumptioninSouthKorea1961-202118161412108642019611963196519671969197119731975197719791981198319851987198919911993199519971999200120032005200720092011201320152017201920214Description:In2021,approximately7.7litersofalcoholwereconsumedpercapitabypeopleaged15orolderinSouthKorea.Thisispartofwhathaslargelybeenadownwardtrendoverthepastfewdecades.Alcoholconsumptionpeakedin1973with16.8litersconsumedpercapita.Ingeneralthemid-1960stothelate1970ssawthehighestamountofrecordedalcoholconsumptioninSouthKorea,withlevelsstartingtodeclineatthebeginningofthe1980s.ReadmoreNote(s):SouthKorea;1961to2021;15yearsandolderSource(s):OECDShareofadultcigarettesmokersinSouthKoreafrom2012to2021ShareofadultssmokingcigarettesSouthKorea2012-202130%25%25%20%15%10%5%23.2%23.3%22.6%21.6%21.1%21.1%20.2%19.2%18.2%0%20122013201420152016201720182019202020215/statistics/1036101/south-korea-share-of-adults-cigarette-smokersAround18.2percentofadultsaged19orolderstatedtocurrentlyberegularcigarettesmokersinSouthKorea.Thatyear,around31percentofthemalepopulationweresmokers,whilealmostsixpercentofSouthKoreanwomenweresmokers.

ReadmoreNote(s):SouthKorea;2012to2021;5,630respondents;19yearsandolder;adultswhohavesmokedatleast100cigarettesduringtheirlifetimeandwhoarecurrentlysmokersSource(s):KOSIS;MOHW(SouthKorea)ShareofcigarettesmokersinSouthKoreafrom2011to2021,bygenderCigarettesmokingrateinSouthKorea2011-2021,bygenderMaleFemale50%45%40%35%30%25%20%15%10%5%46.8%43.3%42.3%41.4%39.4%38.3%37%35.8%34.7%33%30.7%7.4%20126.5%20116.5%20186.1%20165.9%20195.7%20135.5%20205.8%20215.1%20145.3%20155.2%20170%6Description:AccordingtoasurveyconductedinSouthKoreain2021,around33percentofmensmokedcigarettes,whileonly5.5percentofwomendid.TheproportionofcigarettesmokersinSouthKorea,consistingmainlyofmen,hasdeclinedsteadilyinrecentyears.ReadmoreNote(s):SouthKorea;2011to2021;19yearsandolderSource(s):KoreaDiseaseControlandPreventionAgency;KOSISNumberofregisteredillegaldrugoffendersinSouthKoreafrom2018to2022,bytypeofdrug(in1,000s)NumberofrecordeddrugoffendersSouthKorea2018-2022,bydrugtypeNarcoticsPsychoactivedrugs3.21Cannabis20183.81162.633.7814121081.539.6112.6412.0411.6110.636422.552.21.81.751.470201820192020202120227Description:In2022,morethan12thousanddrugoffendersinvolvingpsychoactivedrugswererecordedinSouthKorea.Psychoactivedrugshavebeenthemostcommonlyuseddruginthecountryoverthepastfiveyears,followedbycannabis.

ReadmoreNote(s):SouthKorea;2018to2022Source(s):SupremeProsecutors´OfficeLeadingdrugsusedinSouthKoreaasofApril2022MaindrugsusedinSouthKorea2022Shareofrespondents0%10%20%30%40%50%60%Amphetamines(incl.adderall)*53.9%MarijuanaSleepingpills/tranquilizersPsychedelics/hallucinogens(e.g.shrooms)Opiates/painkillers39.6%15.9%10.4%4.1%3.7%InhalantsCocaine3.3%Heroin0.4%Methadone/buprenorphine

0.2%Morethanonedrug(excl.alcohol)

0.2%8Description:AccordingtoasurveyconductedinSouthKoreabetween2021and2022,around54percentofrespondentsstatedthattheymainlyusedamphetamines,includingadderall.Atabout40percent,marijuanawasanothermaindrugcommonlyusedinthecountry.ReadmoreNote(s):SouthKorea;September3,2021toApril18,2022;540drugusers;19-70years;mixeduseofCAPIandAudioComputer-AssistedSelf-Interview(ACASI);*ADHDdrugspenidandmedikinetincluded,concertaexcluded.Multipleanswerswere[...]

ReadmoreSource(s):CatholicUniversityofKorea;MOHW(SouthKorea)CHAPTER

02AlcoholFrequencyofalcoholconsumptioninSouthKoreafrom2014to2021(indays)AlcoholconsumptionfrequencySouthKorea2014-202198.98.88.88.58.58.48.42014201520162017201820192020202110Description:ThisstatisticdisplaystheresultsofasurveyaboutthefrequencyofalcoholconsumptioninSouthKoreafrom2014to2021.In2021,peopleinSouthKoreaconsumedalcoholonaverageon8.5dayspermonth,thefrequencyincreasingfromthepreviousyears.ReadmoreNote(s):SouthKorea;2014to2021;2,000respondents;19-59years;respondentswhoconsumealcoholatleastonceamonthanddrankKoreantraditionalalcoholicbeveragesoverthepast6monthsSource(s):KoreaAgro-Fisheries&FoodTradeCorp.;MAFRA(SouthKorea)ShareofadultsdrinkingalcoholinSouthKoreain2021,byagegroupAlcoholconsumptionamongadultsinSouthKorea2021,byagegroupShareofrespondents0%10%20%30%40%50%60%70%80%90%100%19-29years30-39years88.6%84.7%40-49years78.9%50-59years73%60-69yaers61.9%70yearsandover37%11/statistics/1126236/south-korea-adults-drinking-alcohol-by-age-groupIn2021,around88.6percentofsurveyedSouthKoreansagedbetween19and29yearsoldstatedthattheyweredrinkingalcohol.Intotal,around72.4percentofsurveyedSouthKoreanaged19andabovestatedthattheyweredrinkingalcohol.

ReadmoreNote(s):SouthKorea;2021;5,861respondents(2,630malerespondentsand3,231femalerespondents);19yearsandolder;peoplewhohadatleastonedrinkwithinthepreviousyearSource(s):KOSIS;MOHW(SouthKorea)ShareofadultsdrinkingalcoholinSouthKoreain2021,bygenderAlcoholconsumptionamongadultsinSouthKorea2021,bygender81.3%80%70%63.5%60%50%40%30%20%10%0%MaleFemale12Description:AccordingtoasurveyconductedinSouthKoreain2021,around81percentofmalerespondentsstatedthattheyhadhadatleastonealcoholicdrinkthatyear.Amongfemalerespondents,alowersharereporteddrinkingalcohol.Overall,about72.4percentofSouthKoreansaged19andolderreporteddrinkingalcoholthatyear,downfrom74percentinthepreviousyear.ReadmoreNote(s):SouthKorea;2021;5,636respondents;19yearsandolder;peoplewhohadatleastonedrinkintheyearSource(s):KoreaDiseaseControlandPreventionAgency;KOSISShareofalcoholtypesfrequentlyconsumedinSouthKoreafrom2014to2021TypesofalcoholfrequentlyconsumedSouthKorea2014-2021BeerSojuTraditionalalcoholImportedwineLiquor*ImportedspiritsSakeOthers2014201520162017201820192020202113Description:ThisstatisticdisplaystheresultsofasurveyaboutthetypesofalcoholfrequentlyconsumedinSouthKoreafrom2014to2021.In2021,approximately42.2percentofpeopleinSouthKoreaconsumedbeer.

ReadmoreNote(s):SouthKorea;July20to30,2021;2,000respondents;19-59years;respondentswhoconsumealcoholatleastonceamonthanddrankKoreantraditionalalcoholicbeveragesoverthepast6months;*Liquorwasnewlyaddedinthechoices[...]

ReadmoreSource(s):KoreaAgro-Fisheries&FoodTradeCorp.;MAFRA(SouthKorea)High-riskdrinkingamongalcoholdrinkersinSouthKoreafrom2010to2021HeavydrinkingamongalcoholdrinkersinSouthKorea2010-202114.0%13.8%13.6%13.5%13.4%13.4%13.5%13.0%12.5%12.0%11.5%13.3%13.2%13.1%13.1%12.7%12.4%11.9%20132010201120122014201520162017201820192020202114Description:In2021,around12.4percentofalcoholdrinkerswereheavydrinkers.Thesamesurveyfoundthataround72.4percentofsurveyedSouthKoreanaged19andabovestatedthattheyweredrinkingalcohol.

ReadmoreNote(s):SouthKorea;2009to2021;5,860respondents(2,629malerespondentsand3,231femalerespondents);19yearsandolder;amongrespondentswhohadatleastonedrinkwithinthepreviousyearSource(s):KOSIS;MOHW(SouthKorea)RateofbingedrinkinginamonthinSouthKoreafrom2008to2021,bygenderMonthlybingedrinkingrateSouthKorea2008-2021,bygenderMenWomen70%57.6%57.6%60%

56.7%50%55.9%54.2%53.4%53.2%53.1%53.5%52.7%52.6%51.9%50.8%47%40%30%26.9%25%25%24.7%24.7%24.1%23.3%22.9%22.3%22.2%22.1%22.1%22.5%21.9%20%10%0%2008200920102011201220132014201520162017201820192020202115/statistics/1228931/south-korea-monthly-binge-drinking-rate-by-genderAccordingtoasurveyondrinkingbehavioramongSouthKoreansin2021,roughly47percentofmalerespondentsansweredthattheywerebingedrinkingatleastonceamonth.Thesamewastrueforaround24.1percentoffemalerespondents.

ReadmoreNote(s):SouthKorea;2008to2021;19yearsandolderSource(s):MOHW(SouthKorea);StatisticsKoreaCHAPTER

03SmokingNumberofsmokersinSouthKoreafrom2013to2028(inmillions)NumberofsmokersinSouthKorea2013-20281210.8210.710.5410.3710.2310.099.959.819.681089.559.439.319.29.098.988.886420201320142015201620172018201920202021202220232024202520262027202817Description:ThenumberofsmokersinSouthKoreawasforecasttocontinuouslydecreasebetween2024and2028byintotal0.6million.Afterthefifteenthconsecutivedecreasingyear,thenumberofsmokersisestimatedtoreach8.88millionindividualsandthereforeanewminimumin2028.ReadmoreNote(s):SouthKorea;2013to2028;allvaluesareestimatesSource(s):AveragenumberofcigarettessmokedperdayinSouthKoreafrom2010to2021MeannumberofcigarettessmokeddailySouthKorea2010-202116.015.415.515.014.514.013.513.012.512.015.314.914.914.913.713.613.413.21312.712.520102011201220132014201520162017201820192020202118Description:In2021,adultsmokersinSouthKoreasmokedanaverageofaround13cigarettesperday.Thatyear,around18percentofSouthKoreanadultswereregularsmokers.

ReadmoreNote(s):SouthKorea;2010to2021;881respondents(728malerespondentsand153femalerespondents);19yearsandolder;currentsmokersSource(s):KOSIS;MOHW(SouthKorea)AveragenumberofcigarettessmokedperdayinSouthKoreain2021,byagegroupMeannumberofcigarettessmokeddailySouthKorea2021,byagegroupNumberofcigarettes80246101214161819-29years30-39years40-49years50-59years60-69yearsOver70years10.11114.116.113.811.919Description:In2021,smokersagedbetween50and59yearsoldsmokedanaverageofaround16.1cigarettesperday.Thatyear,around18.2percentofSouthKoreanadultswereregularsmokers.

ReadmoreNote(s):SouthKorea;2021;881respondents(728malerespondentsand153femalerespondents);19yearsandolder;currentsmokersSource(s):KOSIS;MOHW(SouthKorea)MostusedtobaccoproductinSouthKoreaasofJune2023MostusedtobaccoproductinSouthKorea2023Shareofrespondents0%10%20%30%40%50%60%70%CigarettesE-cigarettes25%15%Cigars2%2%2%PipetobaccoVaporizer/vapepenChewingtobacco1%Hookah1%1%1%Oralnicotinepouches(snus)Roll-your-owntobaccoIdon`tconsumeanytobaccoproducts66%Other

0%20Description:"Cigarettes"and"E-cigarettes"arethetoptwoanswersamongSouthKoreanconsumersinoursurveyonthesubjectof"Mostusedtobaccoproduct".ReadmoreNote(s):SouthKorea;July2022toJune2023;2022respondents;18-64years;respondentswhocanlegallybuytobacco(eCommerce&retail,Food&consumption)Source(s):ConsumerInsightsRateofe-cigarette/vapeuseamongadultsinSouthKoreafrom2019to2021E-cigarette/vapeadultuserateSouthKorea2019-20213.0%2.6%2.6%2.5%2.5%2.0%1.5%1.0%0.5%0.0%20192020202121Description:In2021,around2.5percentoftheadultpopulationinSouthKoreausedvapeore-cigaretteproductsregularly.Thisrepresentsaslightdecreasefromthepreviousyear.

ReadmoreNote(s):SouthKorea;2019to2021;4,800households;19yearsandolderSource(s):KoreaFoundationforSuicidePrevention;MOHW(SouthKorea);OECDShareofunderageyouththatsmokedinSouthKoreafrom2008to2020,bygenderUnderageyouththatsmokedSouthKorea2008-2020,bygenderMaleFemale40%34.3%35%30%25%20%15%10%5%32.5%29.7%28.4%25.4%11.2%25%23%17.3%17.5%15.8%14.1%12.3%12.3%201311.7%5.4%10.7%10.6%20144.8%20164.7%20180%20082009201020112012202022Description:In2020,about11.4percentofmaleunderageyouthinSouthKoreahadsmokedatleastonce.Underagesmokingcontinuedincreasedforbothgendersuntil2011.Sincethen,ithasdrasticallydecreasedinrecentyears.

ReadmoreNote(s):SouthKorea;2008to2020;15,000respondents;10-18years;surveyedeverytwoyearsfrom2014Source(s):MinistryofGenderEqualityandFamily(SouthKorea);StatisticsKoreaShareofmiddleandhighschoolerswhosmokedcigarettesinSouthKoreafrom2013to2022CigarettesmokingrateofteenagersSouthKorea2013-202212%9.7%10%8%6%4%2%0%9.2%7.8%6.7%6.7%6.4%6.3%4.5%20214.5%20224.4%2020201320142015201620172018201923Description:AccordingtoasurveyamongmiddleandhighschoolstudentsinSouthKoreain2022ontheircigarettesmokingbehaviorduringthelast30days,roughly4.5percentofrespondentsansweredthattheysmokedduringthattime.Althoughthatwasthesamecomparedtothepreviousyear,overalltheshareofunderagesmokinginmiddleandhighschoolshascontinuouslydecreasedoverthelastyears.

ReadmoreNote(s):SouthKorea;2013to2022;51,984respondents;middleandhighschoolerswhosmokedatleastonceduringthelast30daysSource(s):KoreaDiseaseControlandPreventionAgency;StatisticsKoreaCHAPTER

04IllegaldrugusePerceivedlevelofseverityofdrugproblemsinSouthKoreaasofDecember2022DrugproblemseveritylevelinSouthKorea2022Shareofrespondents30%0%10%20%40%50%60%VeryseriousSerious26%50%NotveryseriousNotseriousatallIdon'tknow13%1%10%25Description:AccordingtoasurveyconductedinSouthKoreainlate2022,around76percentofrespondentsstatedthattheythoughttherewasaseriousdrugprobleminthecountry.Only14percentthoughtthedrugproblemwasnotthatsevere.

ReadmoreNote(s):SouthKorea;December23to26,2022;1,000respondents;18yearsandolderSource(s):HankookResearchReasonsforfirst-timedruguseinSouthKoreaasofApril2022First-timedrugusecauseSouthKorea2022Shareofrespondents0%10%20%30%40%50%60%70%80%CuriosityRecommendedbyothers66.7%60.6%Forenjoyment20.6%Torelievestress14.3%12.6%Todealwithunpleasantfeelings(e.g.depression,anger)TodealwithphysicalpainForsexualsatisfaction5.6%4.1%Other8.3%26Description:AccordingtoasurveyconductedinSouthKoreabetween2021and2022,around67percentofrespondentsstatedthattheytrieddrugsforthefirsttimeoutofcuriosity.Anothercommonreasonwasduetotherecommendationofothers.

ReadmoreNote(s):SouthKorea;September3,2021toApril18,2022;540drugusers;19-70years;mixeduseofCAPIandAudioComputer-AssistedSelf-Interview(ACASI)Source(s):CatholicUniversityofKorea;MOHW(SouthKorea)ReasonsforcurrentdruguseinSouthKoreaasofApril2022CurrentdrugusecauseSouthKorea2022Shareofrespondents0%10%20%30%40%50%60%70%80%UrgetotakedrugsFeelingdepressedWithdrawalsymptomsBoredom68.1%33.1%30%21.5%SexualsatisfactionRecommendedbyothersStressfromworkPhysicalpain17.4%17.2%11.9%8.1%8%AngerEconomicdifficultiesInterpersonalconflictOther6.7%5.7%15.7%27Description:AccordingtoasurveyconductedinSouthKoreabetween2021and2022,around68percentofrespondentsstatedthattheywerecurrentlytakingdrugsbecausetheyhadtheurgeordesiretodoso.Aboutoneinthreedidsoduetofeelingdepressedorexperiencingwithdrawalsymptoms.ReadmoreNote(s):SouthKorea;September3,2021toApril18,2022;540drugusers;19-70years;mixeduseofCAPIandAudioComputer-AssistedSelf-Interview(ACASI)Source(s):CatholicUniversityofKorea;MOHW(SouthKorea)Sourcesoffirst-timedrugpurchaseinSouthKoreaasofApril2022First-timedrugusesourcesSouthKorea2022Shareofrespondents0%10%20%30%40%50%60%70%80%90%Friends/acquaintancesInternet76.7%12.2%Pharmacies/hospitalsIllegaldealer4.3%3.4%Partner/roommateOther2.1%1.3%28/statistics/1414563/south-korea-first-drug-use-sourceAccordingtoasurveyconductedinSouthKoreabetween2021and2022,around77percentofrespondentsstatedthattheirfirst-timedrugpurchasewasfromfriendsoracquaintances.About12percentboughttheirfirstdrugsviatheinternet.

ReadmoreNote(s):SouthKorea;September3,2021toApril18,2022;540drugusers;19-70years;mixeduseofCAPIandAudioComputer-AssistedSelf-Interview(ACASI)Source(s):CatholicUniversityofKorea;MOHW(SouthKorea)SourcesofcurrentdrugpurchasesinSouthKoreaasofApril2022CurrentdrugusesourcesSouthKorea2022Shareofrespondents0%10%20%30%40%50%60%70%Friends/acquaintancesInternet57.6%28.1%Pharmacies/hospitalsIllegalofflinedealerPartner/roommate9.3%8.9%2.8%Advertisement

0.2%Other4.4%29Description:AccordingtoasurveyconductedinSouthKoreabetween2021and2022,around58percentofrespondentsstatedthattheycurrentlypurchasedrugsfromfriendsoracquaintances.About28percentbuytheirdrugsviatheinternet.

ReadmoreNote(s):SouthKorea;September3,2021toApril18,2022;540drugusers;19-70years;mixeduseofCAPIandAudioComputer-AssistedSelf-Interview(ACASI)Source(s):CatholicUniversityofKorea;MOHW(SouthKorea)NumberofpatientsindrugaddictiontreatmentprogramsinSouthKoreafrom2017to2021,bylocationoftreatmentNumberofpatientsindrugtreatmentprogramsSouthKorea2017-2021,bylocationInpatientOutpatient35030025020015010050219190178169941118991904902017201820192020202130Description:In2021,therewereatotalof280peopleattendingdrugtreatmentandpreventionprogramsinSouthKorea.Suchprogramscanbeattendedvoluntarilyormaybecourt-ordered.Outpatientshaveoutnumberedinpatientsinrecentyears.

ReadmoreNote(s):SouthKorea;2017to2021Source(s):MOHW(SouthKorea);NationalCenterforMentalHealthRateofrelapseaftertreatmentfordruguseinSouthKoreaasofApril2022RelapserateafterdrugusetreatmentSouthKorea2022Relapsed31.1%Stayedclean68.9%31/statistics/1414612/south-korea-drug-relapse-rateAccordingtoasurveyconductedinSouthKoreabetween2021and2022,around31percentofrespondentsstatedthattheyrelapsedafterseekingtreatmentfordruguse.Thelargestshareoftheserelapsesoccurredmorethanayearaftergettingclean.ReadmoreNote(s):SouthKorea;September3,2021toApril18,2022;540drugusers;19-70years;mixeduseofCAPIandAudioComputer-AssistedSelf-Interview(ACASI)Source(s):CatholicUniversityofKorea;MOHW(SouthKorea)CHAPTER

05DrugcrimeDistributionofillicitdrugoffendersinSouthKoreafrom2018to2022,bygenderDistributionofdrugoffendersSouthKorea2018-2022,bygenderMaleFemale25.2%100%90%80%70%60%50%40%30%20%10%0%21.6%22.3%23.6%27%78.4%201877.7%201976.4%202174.8%202073%202233Description:In2022,around73percentofdrugoffendersinSouthKoreaweremale.Overthepastfiveyears,menhavemadeuproughlythree-quartersofdrugoffenderseveryyear.

ReadmoreNote(s):SouthKorea;2018to2022Source(s):SupremeProsecutors´OfficeDistributionofillicitdrugoffendersinSouthKoreain2022,byagegroupDistributionofdrugoffendersSouthKorea2022,byageShareofdrugoffenses0%5%10%15%20%25%30%35%19yearsandyounger20-29years2.6%31.6%30-39years25.6%40-49years15.3%50-59years10.7%60+years11.8%Ageunknown2.4%34Description:In2022,around32percentofdrugoffendersinSouthKoreawereintheirtwenties,withthemostcommonoffensebeingrelatedtopsychotropics.Oneinfourdrugoffendersthatyearwasintheirthirties,withcannabis-relatedoffensesbeingmostcommon.ReadmoreNote(s):SouthKorea;2022Source(s):SupremeProsecutors´OfficeAgedistributionofdrugoffendersinSouthKoreain2022,bytypeofdrugAgesofdrugoffendersSouthKorea2022,bydrugtypeShareofdrugoffensesCannabis20%Psychotropics30%Narcotics40%0%10%50%60%70%1.1%2.7%4.2%19yearsandyounger20-29years42.7%32.8%34.7%9.1%30-39years27.1%4.8%10.6%40-49years19%5%5%50-59years13%8.5%4%3.8%60+years60.8%1.9%1.5%Ageunknown7.6%35Description:In2022,around61percentofpeoplechargedwithdrugoffensesrelatedtonarcoticsinSouthKoreawere60yearsorolder.Psychotropicandcannabisoffensesweremostcommonamongpeopleintheirtwenties.

ReadmoreNote(s):SouthKorea;2022Source(s):SupremeProsecutors´OfficeDistributionofmotivesamongdrugoffendersinSouthKoreain2022,bytypeofdrugMotivesamongdrugoffendersSouthKorea2022,bydrugtypeShareofdrugoffendersCannabisPsychotropics30%Narcotics40%0%10%20%17%50%60%70%AddictionCommercialTemptationCuriosity23.8%3.6%4.7%11.4%11.7%2%11%2.1%19.5%10.1%14.4%1.4%1.9%3.5%Treatment2.4%Bychance1.5%10.5%0.1%Coerciveforce

0.1%0.1%43.2%Other40.2%63.8%36Description:In2022,around24

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