初三英语下学期阅读理解单元 易错题难题测试基础卷试题

初三英语下学期阅读理解单元易错题难题测试基础卷试题

一、中考英语阅读理解汇编

1.阅读理解

Whatcanwelearnfromthespecial,verysuccessfulpeopleintheworldwhomakethe

impossiblepossible?

Lesson1:Waysofcreativethinkingareneeded

BillGatesandMarkZuckerbergbothdroppedoutofcollege.Theyprefertoteachthemselves

becausetheyliketodeveloptheirownwaysofthinking.Theythinkstandardwaysofteaching

mightstoppeoplefrombeingcreativeandhavingnewideas.

Lesson2:Theanswermightnotbewhatyouexpect

Findyouranswersfromfacts-notstartwithanexpectationofwhatyouwillfind.Stephen

JacobsenfromNorthwesternUniversitybelievedwhathewastaught:thatwaterontheEarth

camefromicycomets(封星)orpgnetswhichhitintotheEarth.

However,bystudyingaspecialrock,hediscoveredthatitactslikeasponge.Thissuggeststhat

theEarth'swatermayhavecomefrominside,driventothesurfacetoformtheoceans,by

geologicalactivities.

"Ihadaprettyhardtimemakingothersbelieveit/'hesaid,"Butthinkaboutthefactthatyou

maybethefirstpersontoseesomethingforthefirsttimethatdoesn'thappenveryoften.When

itdoes,it'samazing."

Lesson3:AlittleluckgoesaIon。way

Yearsofplanningwentintoarecentachievementinspacetravel.TheEuropeanSpaceAgency's

"Philae"zarobotlandingcraft,metupwithComet67?whichis480millionkilometresaway.The

tripfromtheEarthby"Philae"hadtakentenyears!

Thescientistshadnoideawhatthesurfaceofthecometwouldbelike.Ifthelandingfailed,it

wouldbeimpossibletogetinformationfromthespacecraft.Twentyyearsofworkwouldhave

beenwasted.

When"Philae"triedtoland,itbounced(弹起)awayfromthecomet'sicysurfacetwice.

Luckily,however;"Philae"landedsuccessfullyandbegansendinginformationbacktotheEarth.

(1)BillGatesandMarkZuckerbergdidn'tfinishcollegebecause.

A.theypreferredtolearnbythemselves

B.theyneededstandardwaysofteaching

C.theirteachersdidn'tliketheirnewideas

D.theirteachersweren'tabletoteachthem

(2)InLesson2,thewritermainlywantstotellusthat.

A.weshouldgetanswersfromfacts

B.wecanbelievewhatwearetaught

C.it'shardtomakeothersbelievesomething

D.anexpectationcanhelpgetananswerinresearch

(3)TheexampleHPhilae"inLesson3showsthat.

A.Comet67PisnotfarawayfromtheEarth

B.ittook"Philae"20yearstoreachComet67P

C."Philae"landedonComet67Pwithalittleluck

D.scientistsknewnothingaboutthesurfaceofComet67P

(4)Thebesttitleforthispassageis"

A.Waysofdiscovering

B.Lessonsforsuccess

C.Waysofbeingspecial

D.Lessonsforexperiments

【答案】(1)A

(2)A

(3)C

(4)B

【解析】【分析】文章大意：我们能从世界上那些使不可能的事情成为可能的特别的、非

常成功的人身上学到什么呢？第一要有需要创造性思维的方式；第二从事实中找出你的答

案，而不是从对你将要找到的东西的期望开始。第三要有一点点运气，从事实中找出你的

答案，而不是从对你将要找到的东西的期望开始。

(1)细节理解题，根据BillGatesandMarkZuckerbergbothdroppedoutofcollege.They

prefertoteachthemselves可知，比尔盖茨和马克扎克伯格喜欢自学，所以退学，故答案是

A。

(2)主旨大意题，根据Findyouranswersfromfacts-notstartwithanexpectationofwhat

youwillfind.可知，第二课主要说的是要从事实中找答案，故答案是A。

(3)逻辑推理题，根据第三颗主要说的是要有点运气，但是彗星67P上环境如何无人知

道，成功与否无人知道，这就需要一点运气了，故答案是C。

(4)标题判断题，根据文章内容可知，这三课都是从成功那里学到的，也是为了成功，

故答案是Bo

【点评】考查阅读理解。本文涉及细节理解题、逻辑推理题、标题判断题和主旨大意题。

细节理解题要可以直接从文中寻找答案；文章出处题需要根据文章内容确定其来源；逻辑

推理题需要联系上下文，推断出需要的信息；标题判断题需要在充分理解文章的基础上，

总结中心思想，凝练句式，最终确定答案；主旨题需要通读全文，了解大意之后找出中心

思想。

2.阅读理解

Whenhewasnineyearsold,anAmericanboycalledMiloCresshadaquestion:Howmany

plasticstraws（吸管）doAmericansuseeveryday?

Hequicklylearnedtherewasn'tasimpleanswer.Theboytriedtofinditouthimself.Through

lotsofresearch,CressfoundoutthatAmericansuseabout500millionstrawseveryday.Inhopes

ofcuttingdownplasticwaste,hefoundedtheBeStrawFreeprojectin2011.

CressstartedtheprojectinhishometownBurlington.Vermont.Heaskedalocalrestaurantto

stopofferingstrawswitheverydrinkorder.Itwasasimplechange.However;itwouldsavemoney.

Andbydoingthat,therestaurantwouldcutdownonitsstrawuseby50percent.

Fortheyearthatfollowed,CresstriedtospreadhisprojectacrosstheUnitedStates.Moreand

morerestaurantsagreedtojoin.Theystopprovidingthecustomerwithastrawunlessheorshe

asksforone.LastApril,SeattlebecamethefirstAmericancitytocompletelybanplasticstraws.

Afterhisprojectbecamepopular,Cresstookhisfindingsontheroad.Hehasspokentotensof

thousandsofstudentsaroundtheworld.Hewantstoencouragemorepeopletosaynotoplastic

straws.

"Focusingonstrawsisonesimplestepweallcouldtake,"Cresssays."Anditmakesmefeel

thatI,asakid,couldmakeadifference,too."

(1)CressfoundoutthatAmericansuse__strawseveryday.

A.about50millionB.about500millionC.about10million

(2)CressfoundedtheBeStrawFreeprojectinorderto__.

A.savemoneyB.becomepopularC.cutdownplasticwaste

(3)WhichAmericancityfirstcompletelybannedplasticstraws?

A.Burlington.B.NewYork.C.Seattle.

(4)Whatdoesthesentence"Cresstookhisfindingsontheroad”mean?

A.Cresstookawalkontheroad.

B.Cressspreadhisprojectaroundtheworld.

C.Cresswasdoinghisresearchallthetime.

(5)Accordingtothelastparagraph,Cressthinks___.

A.hecouldbefamous

B.hehasmademuchmoneythroughhisproject

C.hecouldalsodosomethingmeaningfulalthoughheisachild

【答案】(1)B

(2)C

(3)C

(4)B

(5)C

【解析】【分析】主要讲了九岁的美国男孩MiloCress调查每天美国人使用多少塑料吸

管，并且为了减少塑料浪费，他开始了一个项目。

(1)细节理解题。根据CressfoundoutthatAmericansuseabout500millionstrawsevery

day可知克雷斯波发现美国人每天使用大约5亿根吸管，故选Bo

(2)细节理解题。Inhopesofcuttingdownplasticwaste,hefoundedtheBeStrawFree

projectin2011为了减少塑料垃圾，他在2011年创建了无稻草项目，可知为了减少塑料垃

圾，故选C。

(3)细节理解题。根据LastApril,SeattlebecamethefirstAmericancitytocompletelyban

plasticstraws去年四月，西雅图成为第一个完全禁止塑料吸管的美国城市，可知西雅图成

为第一个完全禁止塑料吸管的美国城市，故选C。

（4）细节理解题。Hehasspokentotensofthousandsofstudentsaroundtheworld.He

wantstoencouragemorepeopletosaynotoplasticstraws他已经和世界各地成千上万的学生

交谈过，他想鼓励更多的人对塑料吸管说不，可知此处是指克雷斯波把他的项目传遍了全

世界，故选B。

（5）细节理解题。根据Focusingonstrawsisonesimplestepweallcouldtake,"Cresssays.

"AnditmakesmefeelthatI,asakid,couldmakeadifference,too.关注吸管是我们都可以

采取的一个简单的步骤，“克雷斯安说.“这让我觉得，作为一个孩子，我也可以有所作为，

可知他认为作为一个孩子，也可以有所作为，故选C。

【点评】考查阅读理解，主要考查细节题，注意从文中仔细寻找答案。

3.阅读理解

MissMitradidn'twanttobeaSundayschoolteacheranylonger.Thestudentstherewereall

rudeandneverlistenedtoher,"Igiveup,"Sheshoutedatthestudents,"Cool."Ricksaid.Hewas

themostimpolitekidinthisschool.Twomonthslater,MissBettyRaycametotheschool.She

lookedyoung.Thestudentsthoughtthatshewouldn'tstayverylong.

"Haveanyofyoueverbeenoutofstate?"Sheaskedinafriendlytone.Afewhandswentup.

"AnyonehastraveledtoCalifornia?"Onehandwentupasthedisrespectful（无礼的）laugh

reduced.

"Anyonevisitedoutsidethecountry?"Nohandswentupnow.Thesilentkidswerepuzzled.

Bettytookamapoftheworldfromherbag.

"Whatelsedoyouhavethere?Lunch?"Someonecracked.

Bettysmiledlightlyandanswered,"Cookiesforlater.""Cool,"Rickquipped（困惑的）.

Thenshepointedataplaceonthemap,"Iwasbornhere,andIlivedhereuntilIwasabout

yourage."

"IsthatTexas?"Someoneasked.

"No.Quitealongwayfromhere.ItisMumbaiinIndia."

Bettyfumbledagaininherbag,thistimepullingoutsomeoldwrinkledpicturesalongwitha

boxofchocolatechipcookies.Theypassedthepicturesaround,viewingeachwithgreatinterest.

Thekidsstudiedthemastheybitintothesweets.

Thehourquicklyslidbyasshetoldthemherstoriesaboutfarawayplacesandwhatthepeople

werelikethereandhowtheylived.

"Wow,thisisasexcitingasTV!"Oneyounggirltoldher.

SundayafterSunday,Bettycametoclass,tyingherlessonstotheireverydaylives.Shetoldthe

kidshowtheycouldmakeadifferencerightnow.Thestudentsgrewtoloveher.

BettytaughtthatSundayschoolclassforthirtyyears.Atlast,herhairgrewintoanaturalgray.

Everynowandthen,shereceivedaletterfromaformerstudent.Therewasadoctor,a

researchscientist,ahomemaker,abusinessman,andmanyteachersamongthem.Onedayshe

pulledoutablueenvelopefromhermailbox.Andtherewasaphotoinit.Squintinghereyes,she

smiledatthemaninthephoto,stillseeingtheboyinhim.Standingintherubble（瓦砾），in

thecityofDelhi,India,hecametohelpthehomelesspeopleintheearthquake.Somewords

werewrittenintheupperpartofthephoto,"Becauseofyou,Iamherenow."

(1)ItcanbeseenfromthepassagethatMissBettyRaywasbornin.

A.CaliforniaB.TexasC.DelhiD.Mumbai

(2)WhydidMissBettyRayasksomequestionsandshowthemapofIndiainherfirstclass?

A.Togetmorelettersfromherstudents.

B.Toreducestudents'disrespectfullaugh.

C.Tomadestudentsinterestedinherlessons.

D.Totakestudentstotravelaroundthesecities.

(3)Whenshesawthemanstandingintherubbleinthephoto,MissBettyRay.

A.thoughtitwasasexcitingasTVB.recalledwhathewaslikeinherclass

C.tookoutmorephotosfromherstudentsD.wenttohelpthehomelesspeoplewithhim

(4)Whatinfluences(影响)didMissBettyRayhaveonherstudents?(至少三个方面)

【答案】(1)D

(2)C

(3)B

(4)MissBettyhaschangedtheimpoliteandrudestudentsintothewell-educatedand

helpfulones.ShehassuccessfullymadestudentsinterestedintheSundayschoolclass.Also,

thankstoherefforts,moststudentsgotnicejobsfinally.Theylearnedtohelpothersandmakea

differencetotheworld.

【解析】【分析】主要讲了Betty怎样在周日辅导课教育一群无礼的学生的。

(1)细节题。根据No.Quitealongwayfromhere.ItisMumbaiinIndia.可知Betty来自E|1度

Mumbai,故选Do

(2)细节题。根据SundayafterSunday,Bettycametoclass,tyingherlessonstotheir

everydaylives.Shetoldthekidshowtheycouldmakeadifferencerightnow.Thestudentsgrew

toloveher,可知Betty这样这样做的目的是让学生对她的课感兴趣，开始喜欢她的课，故选

Co

(3)名田节题。根据Andtherewasaphotoinit.Squintinghereyes,shesmiledatthemanin

thephoto,stillseeingtheboyinhim,可知Betty看到这个照片时想起了学生在她班上的样

子，故选Bo

(4)细节题。根据全文可知Betty老师改变了无礼粗鲁的学生，把他们教育成有用的人，

Betty老师乐于助人，对他人有影响,故填MissBettyhaschangedtheimpoliteandrude

studentsintothewell-educatedandhelpfulones.Shehassuccessfullymadestudentsinterested

intheSundayschoolclass.Also,thankstoherefforts,moststudentsgotnicejobsfinally.They

learnedtohelpothersandmakeadifferencetotheworld.0

【点评】考查阅读理解，主要考查细节题。注意从文中仔细寻找答案。

4.阅读理解

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(1)Whatkindofthelettermaythepassagebe?

A.Anadmissionletter.B.Anapologyletter.C.Abusinessletter.D.Athankyouletter.

(2)HowmuchshouldZhangWeipayinalltoentertheuniversity?

A.HK$55,935.B.HK$55,810.C.HK$55,685.D,HK$55,560.

(3)IfyouwereZhangWei,howwouldyoufeelatthisletter?

A.Annoyed.B.Excited.C.Upset.D.Anxious.

【答案】(1)A

(2)D

(3)B

【解析】【分析】句意：这是张伟的一张香港中文大学的录取通知书，其中涉及到专业,

学习方式，学位以及费用。

(1)细节理解题。根据文中的语句TheChineseUniversityofHongkongAdmission

Notification提示可知，这是一张录取通知书，故选A。

(2)细节理解题。根据文中的语句HK$55,560.(fornativestudents)以及ZhangWei

(Yuyao,Ningbo)提示可知,张伟的学费是HK$55,560,故选D。

(3)理解归纳题。这是一张香港中文大学的录取通知书，张伟收到以后，一定非常的激

动，故选B,

【点评】考查阅读理解。本文主要考查细节理解题，首先仔细阅读文后的问题，弄清问题

的大意；然后带着问题阅读短文，抓住关键信息，选择正确答案。

5.根据短文内容选择最佳答案。

Eveninearlytime,peoplecouldrealizetheimportanceofdreamsandknewthatdreamsgave

meaningtolife.Everygreatachievementhasbeentheresultofyearsofdreaming.Ifapersonhas

adreamandholdsfattoit,heorshewillfindawaytobringitintoreality(现实).

Childrendonothavemuchexperienceorknowledge.However;theyarenaturaldreamers.We

shouldnotlaughatthemforbeingnaive.Manygreatmenweredreamerswhentheywere

children.OnesuchdreamerwasThomasEdisonHeusedtobeostracized(排斥)whenhewas

inprimaryschool,buthisachievementsweregreaterthaneveryoneelse'sinhistime.

Teenagersandyoungpeopleshouldalsobeencouragedtodream.Theworldisfullof

successfulteenagersandyoungpeople.Theydreamtbigandtheirdreamschangedtheirlives

andeventheworld.SteveJobsandBillGatesarethegoodexamples.Theyhavedeveloped

technologyandbroughtgreatprogresstohumanbesidesmakingmoneyforthemselvesOlder

peopleshouldbelievethatitisnevertoolatetodreamandthathumanmindisnevertoooldto

makedreamsturnintoreality.ColonelSaundersrealizedhisdreamsattheageof67andsetup

thebiggestfriedchickencompany(KFC)intheworld.Todreamisawonderfulabilitywhich

canleadtowonderfulresults.Olympicrecordswerebrokenbyplayerswhowerebraveenoughto

dream.Nooneistooyoungortoooldtodreamandtomakedreamscometrue.

(1)Peoplewhocouldprobablyrealizetheirdreams,

A.findawaytodreamB.dreamandholdfasttothem

C.getthemeaningoflifeD.haveverygoodschoolresults

(2)Youngpeopleshouldbeencouragedtodreambecause.

A.theirdreamsarenaturalB.theyaregreaterthaneveryoneelse

C.theyhavemuchknowledgeD.theirdreamsmightchangetheworld

(3)WhatdoestheexampleofColonelSaundersshowus?

A.Settingupabigcompanyisawonderfulability.

B.Developingtechnologycanbringgreatprogress.

C.Evenolderpeoplecanmaketheirdreamscometrue.

D.Peopleshouldbebraveenoughtodreamwhentheyareyoung.

(4)Theunderlinedword"naive"inthepassagemeans"inChinese.

A.逆反的B.幼稚的C.调皮的D.冲动的

(5)Thebesttitleforthepassageis.

A.FromDreamtoRealityB.GoodExamplesofDreams

C.AchievementsinHistoryD.AlistofSuccessfulDreamers

【答案】(1)B

(2)D

(3)C

(4)B

(5)A

【解析】【分析】主要讲了如果一个人有一个梦想，并坚持下去，他或她会找到一种方法

来实现它。

(1)乡用节题。根据Ifapersonhasadreamandholdsfattoit,heorshewillfindawaytobring

itintoreality(现实).可知如果一个人有一个梦想，并坚持下去，他或她会找到一种方法来

实现它，故选B。

(2)2田节题。根据Theydreamtbigandtheirdreamschangedtheirlivesandeventheworld.

可知们梦想远大，梦想改变了他们的生活，甚至改变了世界。故选D。

(3)细节题。根据前句Olderpeopleshouldbelievethatitisnevertoolatetodreamandthat

humanmindisnevertoooldtomakedreamsturnintoreality.可知老年人应该相信,做梦永远

不嫌晚，人的心智永远不嫌老，不会让梦想变成现实。故选C。

(4)推断题。根据前句Childrendonothavemuchexperienceorknowledge.However,they

arenaturaldreamers.可知孩子们没有多少经验和知识，然而，他们是天生的梦想家。所以

我们不应该嘲笑他们的幼稚，故选B。

(5)主旨题。根据全文可知主要讲了如果一个人有一个梦想，并坚持下去，他或她会找

到一种方法来实现它。即从梦想到现实，故选A。

【点评】考查阅读理解。本文涉及细节题、推断题和主旨题三种常考题型，细节题要注意

从文中寻找答案；推断题需要联系上下文，推断出需要的信息；主旨题需要通读全文，了

解大意之后找出中心思想。

6.根据短文内容判断正误。

Ifsomeonesaystoyou:"givemefive",donotsearchyourpockettogetfiveyuan!Itwillmake

otherslaugh!Theperson'snotaskingforyourmoney,butyourfingers.

IntheUS,"givemefive"orHgivemethehighfive"isapopulargesture(动作).Youcansee

itofteninfilmsoronTVItmeanstheclapping(拍)ofeachother'sraisedrighthandstogether.

Peopledoitwhentheymeetforthefirsttimeorsomethinghappyhappens.Forexample,a

studenthasgoodmarksinexamsorwinsalotteryticket(彩票).Ifafootballteamwinsa

game,theplayerswillgivehighfivestoeveryonearoundtocelebrate.

ThisgesturemaycomefromtheoldRomangestureofraisingtherightarmfortheemperorto

showrespect.Thisalsoshowedthatthepersonraisinghisamdidnothaveasword(刀)inhis

hand.

Whynottrytogivethehighfivetoyourfriends?

(1)"Givemefive"isagesturetoaskformoney.

(2)Thegesture"givemefive"istheclappingofhands.

(3)Whenyougetgoodgradesinyourexam,yougiveyourfriendshighfives.

(4)ThegesturestartedinAmericaaccordingtothestory.

(5)TheRomansraisedtherightarmwithoutaswordinhishandfortheemperortoshowtheir

respecttotheemperor.

【答案】(1)0

(2)1

（3）1

（4）0

（5）1

【解析】【分析】主要讲了受欢迎的手势"givemefive"or"givemethehighfive”。

（1）乡用节题。根据Ifsomeonesaystoyou:"givemefive",donotsearchyourpockettoget

fiveyuan!Itwillmakeotherslaugh!Theperson'snotaskingforyourmoney,butyourfingers.可

知“givemefive"不是要钱的手势，而是要手指，故选错误。

（2）细节题。根据Itmeanstheclapping