高考英语阅读理解高频词汇超详细梳理（科技类）素材

高考英语阅读理解高频词汇超详细梳理（科技类）单词知识解析1.vanish(v.)音标：/ˈvænɪʃ/中文释义：消失，不见了，绝迹例句：Thescientistwatchedasthechemicalvanishedinapuffofsmoke.(科学家看着化学物质在一缕烟雾中消失。)同义词：disappear,fadeaway反义词：appear,emerge搭配：vanishintothinair(消失得无影无踪)2.digital(adj.)音标：/ˈdɪdʒɪtl/中文释义：数字的，数码的，电子的例句：Manypeoplenowreadbooksondigitaldevicesinsteadofpaper.(现在许多人用数字设备而不是纸质书籍来读书。)同义词：electronic,computerized反义词：analog搭配：digitaltechnology(数字技术),digitalcamera(数码相机)3.electrical(adj.)音标：/ɪˈlektrɪkl/中文释义：电的，电气科学的例句：Theelectricalengineerdesignedanewcircuitforthedevice.(电气工程师为该设备设计了一个新的电路。)搭配：electricalcurrent(电流),electricalappliance(电器)4.electronic(adj.)音标：/ɪˌlekˈtrɒnɪk/中文释义：电子的；电子操纵的例句：Electronicdeviceshavebecomeanessentialpartofourdailylives.(电子设备已经成为我们日常生活的重要组成部分。)搭配：electronicmail(电子邮件),electroniccommerce(电子商务)5.optical(adj.)音标：/ˈɒptɪkl/中文释义：眼睛的,视觉的,光学的例句：Thetelescopeusesopticallensestomagnifydistantobjects.(望远镜使用光学透镜来放大远处物体。)搭配：opticalfiber(光纤),opticalillusion(视觉错觉)6.universal(adj.)音标：/ˌjuːnɪˈvɜːsəl/中文释义：普遍的，通用的，宇宙的例句：Gravityisauniversalforcethataffectsallobjectsintheuniverse.(万有引力是一种影响宇宙中所有物体的普遍力。)同义词：global,widespread反义词：specific,limited搭配：universallaw(普遍规律),universallanguage(通用语言)7.solar(adj.)音标：/ˈsoʊlə/中文释义：太阳的，太阳能的例句：Solarenergyisarenewablesourceofpower.(太阳能是一种可再生能源。)搭配：solarpanel(太阳能电池板),solarsystem(太阳系)8.solid(adj.)音标：/ˈsɒlɪd/中文释义：固体的，结实的，可靠的，实心的例句：Thetableismadeofsolidwood.(这张桌子是用实木做的。)同义词：firm,stable反义词：liquid,gas搭配：solidstate(固态),solidevidence(确凿证据)9.mechanical(adj.)音标：/mɪˈkænɪkl/中文释义：机械的，力学的，呆板的例句：Therobotarmperformedthetaskwithmechanicalprecision.(机械臂以机械般的精度完成了任务。)搭配：mechanicalengineering(机械工程),mechanicalfailure(机械故障)10.precise(adj.)音标：/prɪˈsaɪs/中文释义：精确的，准确的，认真的例句：Thescientistmadeprecisemeasurementsoftheexperiment.(科学家对实验进行了精确的测量。)同义词：accurate,exact反义词：approximate,vague搭配：precisedetails(精确的细节),preciselanguage(精确的语言)11.logical(adj.)音标：/ˈlɒdʒɪkl/中文释义：符合逻辑的，逻辑上的，有推理能力的例句：Thedetectiveusedlogicalreasoningtosolvethemystery.(侦探用逻辑推理来解开谜团。)同义词：reasonable,rational反义词：illogical,irrational搭配：logicalconclusion(合乎逻辑的结论),logicalthinking(逻辑思维)12.psychological(adj.)音标：/ˌsaɪkəˈlɒdʒɪkl/中文释义：心理(学)的例句：Thestudyexaminedthepsychologicaleffectsofsocialmediaonteenagers.(这项研究调查了社交媒体对青少年的心理影响。)搭配：psychologicalstress(心理压力),psychologicaldisorder(心理障碍)13.phenomenon(n.)音标：/fɪˈnɒmɪnən/中文释义：现象，非凡的人或事物例句：Theauroraborealisisanaturalphenomenonthatcanbeseeninthenightsky.(北极光是可以在夜空中看到的自然现象。)同义词：event,occurrence搭配：naturalphenomenon(自然现象),socialphenomenon(社会现象)14.bacteria(n.)音标：/bækˈtɪəriə/中文释义：(复数)细菌例句：Bacteriaaresingle-celledmicroorganismsthatcanbefoundeverywhere.(细菌是随处可见的单细胞微生物。)搭配：harmfulbacteria(有害细菌),beneficialbacteria(有益细菌)15.element(n.)音标：/ˈelɪmənt/中文释义：成分，要素，元素，基本原理例句：Hydrogenisthemostcommonelementintheuniverse.(氢是宇宙中最常见的元素。)同义词：component,ingredient搭配：chemicalelement(化学元素),keyelement(关键要素)16.biology(n.)音标：/baɪˈɒlədʒi/中文释义：生物学例句：Biologyisthestudyoflivingthings.(生物学是研究生物的学科。)搭配：marinebiology(海洋生物学),molecularbiology(分子生物学)17.evolution(n.)音标：/ˌiːvəˈluːʃən/中文释义：进化，发展，进展例句：Thetheoryofevolutionexplainshowspecieschangeovertime.(进化论解释了物种是如何随着时间推移而变化的。)搭配：humanevolution(人类进化),technologicalevolution(技术进化)18.mathematics(n.)音标：/ˌmæθəˈmætɪks/中文释义：数学例句：Mathematicsisthestudyofnumbers,quantities,andshapes.(数学是研究数字、数量和形状的学科。)搭配：appliedmathematics(应用数学),puremathematics(纯数学)19.formula(n.)音标：/ˈfɔːmjʊlə/中文释义：公式，配方，规则例句：Thescientistusedacomplexformulatocalculatetheresultsoftheexperiment.(科学家用一个复杂的公式来计算实验结果。)搭配：chemicalformula(化学式),mathematicalformula(数学公式)20.statistic(n.)音标：/stəˈtɪstɪk/中文释义：统计数值例句：Thestatisticsshowthatthenumberofpeopleusingsmartphonesisincreasingrapidly.(统计数据显示，使用智能手机的人数正在快速增长。)同义词：data,figure搭配：statisticalanalysis(统计分析),statisticaldata(统计数据)21.vitamin(n.)音标：/ˈvɪtəmɪn/中文释义：维生素例句：Vitaminsareessentialnutrientsthatthebodyneedsinsmallamountstofunctionproperly.(维生素是人体必需的营养素，身体只需要少量就能正常运转。)搭配：vitamindeficiency(维生素缺乏),vitaminsupplement(维生素补充剂)22.protein(n.)音标：/ˈproʊtiːn/中文释义：蛋白质例句：Proteinsareessentialnutrientsforbuildingandrepairingtissuesinthebody.(蛋白质是构建和修复身体组织的必需营养素。)搭配：proteinstructure(蛋白质结构),proteinsynthesis(蛋白质合成)23.oxygen(n.)音标：/ˈɒksɪdʒən/中文释义：氧，氧气例句：Oxygenisagasthatisessentialforhumanlife.(氧气是人类生存所必需的气体。)搭配：oxygenlevel(氧气水平),oxygenmask(氧气面罩)24.carbon(n.)音标：/ˈkɑːbən/中文释义：碳例句：Carbonisachemicalelementthatisfoundinalllivingthings.(碳是一种化学元素，存在于所有生物中。)搭配：carbondioxide(二氧化碳),carbonfootprint(碳足迹)25.measurement(n.)音标：/ˈmeʒəmənt/中文释义：测量,衡量,尺寸,大小例句：Accuratemeasurementsarecrucialinscientificexperiments.(精确的测量在科学实验中至关重要。)同义词：measurement,dimension搭配：unitofmeasurement(测量单位),takemeasurements(进行测量)26.intelligence(n.)音标：/ɪnˈtelɪdʒəns/中文释义：理解力,智力,情报例句：Artificialintelligenceisrapidlychangingtheworld.(人工智能正在迅速改变世界。)同义词：intellect,brainpower搭配：artificialintelligence(人工智能),humanintelligence(人类智能)27.graph(n.)音标：/ɡræf/中文释义：图表，曲线图例句：Thegraphshowstherelationshipbetweentemperatureandpressure.(该图表显示了温度和压力之间的关系。)搭配：bargraph(条形图),linegraph(折线图)28.navigation(n.)音标：/ˌnævɪˈɡeɪʃən/中文释义：航行，航海，导航例句：GPSnavigationsystemshavemadeitmucheasiertofindyourwayaround.(GPS导航系统使人们更容易找到路线。)搭配：satellitenavigation(卫星导航),airnavigation(航空导航)29.dimension(n.)音标：/daɪˈmenʃən/中文释义：尺寸，次元，维度例句：Theboxhasthreedimensions:length,width,andheight.(这个盒子有三个维度：长、宽和高。)搭配：spatialdimension(空间维度),timedimension(时间维度)30.infinite(adj.)音标：/ˈɪnfɪnɪt/中文释义：无限的，无穷的例句：Theuniverseisvastandseeminglyinfinite.(宇宙浩瀚无垠，似乎是无限的。)同义词：boundless,limitless反义词：finite搭配：infinitespace(无限空间),infinitepossibilities(无限可能性)练习：一、语法填空(10题)Thescientistsaretryingtodevelopanew_____(formula)foramoreefficientsolarcell.Withtherapid_____(evolve)oftechnology,manytraditionaljobsaredisappearing.The_____(measure)oftheroomwasinaccurate,sothefurnituredidnotfitproperly.Thestudyfoundastrongcorrelationbetweenexerciseandincreased_____(intelligent).The_____(navigate)systemguidedtheshipsafelythroughthestorm.The_____(dimension)oftheuniversearestillnotfullyunderstoodbyscientists.Thecompany'sprofitshave_____(soar)inrecentyears.Thegovernmentneedsto_____(allocate)moreresourcestorenewableenergydevelopment.Theeconomicrecessionforcedmanybusinessesto_____(slash)theirbudgets.Thetwosidesfinallyreachedanagreementaftermonthsofdifficult_____(negotiate).二、单句改错(5题)Theresearchersareinvestigatingtheeffectofthenewdrugonpatients.Thedatawasanalyzedusingacomplexalgorithm.Carbondioxideisaharmfulgasthatcontributestoclimatechanging.Theengineerusedacomputerprogramtodesignthebridge.Thebiologistsarestudyingtheevolutionofthehumanbrain.三、根据汉语提示完成句子，每空一词(5题)_____(精确)iscrucialinscientificresearch._____(生物学)isthestudyoflivingorganisms.Thecompany'snewproductisexpectedto_____(提升)salessignificantly.Theteamisworkingto_____(恢复)thedamagedecosystem.Weneedto_____(减少)ourrelianceonfossilfuels.四、根据括号的要求翻译句子(5题)科学家正在探索宇宙的奥秘。(mystery)这项新技术有望彻底改变医疗保健行业。(revolutionize)政府正在采取措施应对气候变化。(address)我们需要找到可持续发展的方法。(sustainable)人工智能的发展引发了许多伦理问题。(raise)五、阅读理解（一）Artificialintelligence(AI)israpidlytransformingthehealthcareindustry,offeringnewtoolsandapproachesfordiagnosis,treatment,andpatientcare.AIalgorithmscananalyzevastamountsofmedicaldata,suchaspatientrecords,medicalimages,andgenomicdata,toidentifypatternsandinsightsthatmaynotbeapparenttohumanclinicians.Thiscanleadtoearlierandmoreaccuratediagnoses,personalizedtreatmentplans,andimprovedpatientoutcomes.OneareawhereAIismakingsignificantstridesismedicalimaging.AI-poweredsystemscananalyzemedicalimages,suchasX-rays,CTscans,andMRIs,todetectabnormalitiesandassistradiologistsinmakingdiagnoses.Forexample,AIalgorithmscanidentifyearlysignsofcancer,heartdisease,andotherconditionswithhighaccuracy,potentiallysavinglivesthroughearlyintervention.AIisalsobeingusedtodeveloppersonalizedmedicine,whichtailorstreatmentplanstoindividualpatientsbasedontheiruniquegeneticmakeup,medicalhistory,andotherfactors.AIalgorithmscananalyzeapatient'sgenomicdatatoidentifypotentialrisksforcertaindiseasesandpredicttheirresponsetodifferenttreatments.Furthermore,AI-poweredvirtualassistantsandchatbotsarebeingusedtoprovidepatientswith24/7supportandanswertheirquestionsabouttheirhealthconditionsandmedications.TheseAIsystemscanhelptoreducetheburdenonhealthcareprovidersandimprovepatientaccesstoinformation.1.Whatisthemaintopicofthepassage?a.TheethicalimplicationsofAIinhealthcare.b.TheuseofAIinmedicalresearch.c.ThetransformativeimpactofAIonthehealthcareindustry.d.ThechallengesofimplementingAIinhealthcaresettings.2.Accordingtothepassage,howcanAIalgorithmsimprovediagnosis?a.Byreplacinghumanclinicians.b.Byprovidingemotionalsupporttopatients.c.Byanalyzinglargeamountsofmedicaldatatoidentifypatterns.d.Byconductingclinicaltrialstotestnewtreatments.3.WhichofthefollowingisanexampleofAIbeingusedinmedicalimaging?a.AI-poweredrobotsperformingsurgery.b.AIalgorithmsanalyzinggenomicdatatopredictdiseaserisk.c.AI-poweredvirtualassistantsansweringpatientquestions.d.AIsystemsdetectingearlysignsofcancerinX-rayimages.4.Whatispersonalizedmedicine?a.Aone-size-fits-allapproachtotreatingdiseases.b.Treatmentplanstailoredtoindividualpatients.c.Theuseoftraditionalremediestotreatillnesses.d.Atypeofalternativemedicinethatdoesnotinvolvemedication.5.HowcanAI-poweredvirtualassistantsbenefitpatients?a.Byreducinghealthcarecosts.b.Byperformingcomplexmedicalprocedures.c.Byproviding24/7supportandhealthinformation.d.Byreplacingtheneedforhumanhealthcareproviders.（二）Mars,thefourthplanetfromtheSun,haslongcaptivatedhumanimaginationasapotentialdestinationforexplorationandevencolonization.WithitsproximitytoEarthandsimilaritiesinsomeaspects,Marsoffersauniqueopportunitytostudythepossibilityofpastorpresentlifebeyondourplanetandtounderstandtheevolutionofrockyplanets.SeveralroboticmissionshavebeensenttoMars,providingvaluabledataaboutitsatmosphere,surface,andpotentialforharboringlife.RoverssuchasCuriosityandPerseverancehaveexploredtheMartianterrain,analyzedrockandsoilsamples,andsearchedforsignsofancientmicrobiallife.Orbitershavemappedtheplanet'ssurface,studieditsclimate,andidentifiedpotentiallandingsitesforfuturemissions.DespitetheprogressmadeinMarsexploration,significantchallengesremain.TheMartianatmosphereisthinandprimarilycomposedofcarbondioxide,offeringlittleprotectionfromharmfulradiation.Theplanet'ssurfaceisextremelycoldanddry,withtemperaturesdroppingto-140degreesCelsius(-220degreesFahrenheit)atthepoles.Water,essentialforlifeasweknowit,existsmainlyintheformofice.HumanmissionstoMarswouldfacenumeroustechnologicalandlogisticalchallenges.ThejourneytoMarswouldtakeseveralmonths,requiringadvancedpropulsionsystemsandlifesupportsystemstosustainastronautsduringthelongvoyage.LandingonMarsisalsoacomplexmaneuver,requiringprecisenavigationandlandingsystems.1.WhatistheprimaryreasonforhumaninterestinexploringMars?a.Itspotentialforharboringextraterrestriallife.b.Itsabundanceofnaturalresources.c.ItsproximitytoEarthandsimilaritiesinsomeaspects.d.Itspotentialasasourceofrenewableenergy.2.WhathaveroboticmissionstoMarsaccomplished?a.TheyhaveestablishedpermanenthumansettlementsonMars.b.TheyhavediscoveredconclusiveevidenceofpastlifeonMars.c.TheyhaveterraformedMarstomakeithabitableforhumans.d.TheyhavegathereddataaboutMars'atmosphere,surface,andpotentialforlife.3.WhatisamajorchallengeforhumanmissionstoMars?a.Thedistanceanddurationofthejourney.b.Thelackofavailablefundingforspaceexploration.c.Thepoliticaltensionsbetweencountriesinvolvedinspaceexploration.d.TheethicalconsiderationsofpotentiallycontaminatingMarswithEarthmicrobes.4.WhichofthefollowingbestdescribestheMartianatmosphere?a.Denseandrichinoxygen.b.Thinandprimarilycomposedofcarbondioxide.c.SimilartoEarth'satmosphereincompositionandpressure.d.Composedmainlyofnitrogenandwatervapor.5.WhatisthemainchallengeposedbytheMartiansurfaceconditions?a.Theextremeheatandfrequentduststorms.b.Thelackofsolidgroundforlandingspacecraft.c.Theextremecold,dryness,andlackofliquidwater.d.Thepresenceoftoxicchemicalsinthesoil.（三）Theautomotiveindustryisundergoingasignificanttransformationastheworldshiftstowardscleanerandmoresustainabletransportationoptions.Newenergyvehicles(NEVs),whichincludeelectricvehicles(EVs),plug-inhybridelectricvehicles(PHEVs),andfuelcellelectricvehicles(FCEVs),arerapidlygainingpopularityasaviablealternativetotraditionalgasoline-poweredcars.Electricvehiclesarepoweredbybatteriesthatstoreelectricalenergy,offeringseveraladvantagesoverconventionalvehicles.Theyproducezerotailpipeemissions,reducingairpollutionandgreenhousegases.EVsarealsoquieterthangasolinecars,contributingtoreducednoisepollutioninurbanareas.Additionally,EVshaveloweroperatingcostsduetothelowercostofelectricitycomparedtogasolineandthereducedneedformaintenance.Plug-inhybridelectricvehiclescombineaninternalcombustionenginewithanelectricmotorandabattery.PHEVscanbedrivenforacertaindistanceonelectricpoweralone,reducingemissionsandfuelconsumption.Whenthebatteryisdepleted,thegasolineenginekicksintoprovideadditionalpower.Fuelcellelectricvehiclesusehydrogengastogenerateelectricity,whichpowerstheelectricmotor.FCEVsemitonlywatervaporasabyproduct,makingthematrulyzero-emissiontransportationoption.However,theinfrastructureforhydrogenrefuelingisstillinitsearlystagesofdevelopment.DespitethenumerousadvantagesofNEVs,somechallengesremain.TheupfrontcostofNEVsisgenerallyhigherthanthatofgasolinecars,althoughgovernmentincentivesanddecliningbatterycostsarehelpingtoclosethegap.TherangeofEVsisalsoaconcernforsomeconsumers,althoughbatterytechnologyiscontinuouslyimproving,extendingthedrivingrangeofnewermodels.Additionally,thedevelopmentofacomprehensivecharginginfrastructureiscrucialforthewidespreadadoptionofNEVs.选择题:1.Whatisthemainfocusofthepassage?a.Thehistoryoftheautomotiveindustry.b.Thetechnologicaladvancementsingasoline-poweredcars.c.Theriseofnewenergyvehiclesasasustainabletransportationoption.d.Theeconomicimpactofthetransitiontoelectricvehicles.2.WhichofthefollowingisNOTanadvantageofelectricvehiclesmentionedinthepassage?a.Zerotailpipeemissions.b.Loweroperatingcosts.c.Longerdrivingrangecomparedtogasolinecars.d.Reducednoisepollution.3.Howdoplug-inhybridelectricvehiclesdifferfrompurelyelectricvehicles?a.PHEVshavealongerdrivingrangethanEVs.b.PHEVscombineanelectricmotorwithagasolineengine.c.PHEVsaremoreexpensivethanEVs.d.PHEVsproducemoreemissionsthanEVs.4.Whatisthemainbyproductoffuelcellelectricvehicles?a.Carbondioxide.b.Watervapor.c.Nitrogenoxides.d.Particulatematter.5.WhatisamajorchallengehinderingthewidespreadadoptionofNEVs?a.ThelackofgovernmentsupportforNEVdevelopment.b.Thehighcostofhydrogenfuel.c.Thelimitedavailabilityofcharginginfrastructure.d.ThelackofconsumerinterestinNEVs.参考答案：一、语法填空formula(名词，意为“公式，配方”)evolution(名词，意为“进化，发展”)measurement(名词，意为“测量，尺寸”)intelligence(名词，意为“智力，理解力”)navigation(名词，意为“导航，航行”)dimensions(名词复数，意为“维度，尺寸”)soared(动词过去分词，表示利润“暴涨”)allocate(动词，意为“分配，拨付”)slash(动词，意为“大幅削减”)negotiations(名词复数，意为“谈判，协商”)二、单句改错effect→effects(effect是名词，此处应用复数形式effects指“影响”)datawas→datawere(data是复数名词，谓语动词应用复数形式)changing→change(climatechange是固定搭配，意为“气候变化”)program→program(拼写错误，应为program)humanbrain→humanbrain(没有错误)三、根据汉语提示完成句子PrecisionBiologyboostrestorereduce四、根据括号的要求翻译句子Scientistsareexploringthemysteriesoftheuniverse.Thisnewtechnologyisexpectedtorevolutionizethehealthcareindustry.Thegovernmentistakingmeasurestoaddressclimatechange.Weneedtofindwaystoachievesustainabledevelopment.Thedevelopmentofartificialintelligencehasraisedmanyethicalissues.五、阅读理解（一）ccdbc解析：1.文章主要讨论了人工智能在医疗保健行业的变革性影响，包括诊断、治疗和病人护理等方面。原文定位：文章第一句就点明了主题"Artificialintelligence(AI)israpidlytransformingthehealthcareindustry..."2.文章提到AI算法可以通过分析大量医疗数据来识别模式和洞察力，从而提高诊断的准确性。原文定位：第二段第一句提到"...toidentifypatternsandinsightsthatmaynotbeapparenttohumanclinicians.Thiscanleadtoearlierandmoreaccuratediagnoses..."3.文章举例说明AI在医学影像领域的应用，例如AI系统可以通过分析X光图像来检测癌症的早期迹象。原文定位：第二段第三句提到"Forexample,AIalgorithmscanidentifyearlysignsofcancer,heartdisease,andotherconditionswithhighaccuracy..."4.文章解释了个性化医疗的概念，即根据患者的独特基因组成、病史和其他因素制定治疗方案。原文定位：第三段第一句提到"AIisalsobeingusedtodeveloppersonalizedmedicine,whichtailorstreatmentplanstoindividualpatients..."5.文章提到AI驱动的虚拟助手可以为患者提供24/7的支持和健康信息，从而减轻医疗保健提供者的负担并改善患者获取信息的途径。原文定位：第四段提到"...AI-poweredvirtualassistantsandchatbotsarebeingusedtoprovidepatientswith24/7supportandanswertheirquestionsabouttheirhealthconditionsandmedications."（二）cdabc解析：1.文章开头就指出，火星与地球的距离较近，并且在某些方面存在相似之处，因此人类对探索火星有着浓厚的兴趣，将其视为探索地球以外生命可能性和了解类地行星演化的独特机会