高考词汇专项练习：形容词、副词

形容词、副词（知识单）备课人：姚朝锋命题解读命题规律题型2016课标12015课标12014课标1考法说明形容词副词形容词、副词词的的的基本用法2.形容词、副词比较级最高级的构成规则及用法3.形容词、副词构词法4常用易混形容词、副词用法语法填空officially(official)(afewhours)before/earlier.regularly(regular)actually(actual)cleaner（chean）1.高考语法填空，短文改错对于形容词、副词的考查主要集中在形容词、副词的相互转换2.区别常用易混形容词、副词用法（如：many与much，somewhere与everywhere，before与ago）短文改错steady→steadilyseriously→seriousMuch→Manybefore→agosomewhere→everywheretaste→tastywonderfully→wonderful主要考查形容词、副词比较级变化规则，形容词构词法（taste→tasty）以及形容词、副词的句法功能.♥♥♥1.对形容词和副词比较等级的考查形式可能不会出现诸如than等标志词，而是根据上下文语境进行判断。2.形容词、副词构词法的仍会是考查的重点。知识清单（*）形容词、副词的基本用法形容词副词（***）形容词、副词比较级和最高级的构成规则形容词副词(***)形容词构词法（***）形容词＋ly构成副词规则平级比较：①as+原级+as…(和……一样)HegetsupasearlyasI.他和我起得一样早。②notas+原级+as…(不如……)Hedoesn’tgetupasearlyasI.他不如我起得早。2.比较级：=1\*GB3①比较级+than…(比…更…)Hegetsupearlierthananyoneelseinhisclasses.=2\*GB3②the+比较级+of…(两者中更…的)普Heisthetallerofthetwoboys.通=3\*GB3③no+比较级+than（两者同样不…）句Heisnotallerthanhisbrother.(他和他弟弟一样不高)式=4\*GB3④其他比较句式：beseniorto=beolderthanbejuniorto=beyoungerthan.besuperiorto=bebetterthanbeinferiorto=beworsethan3.最高级LiMingisthemosthard-workingstudentinhisclass.Ofallthesubjects,Ilikeartbest.形=1\*GB3①more…than…:Heismoreawriterthanateacher.固与其说他是老师还不如说他是作家容定=2\*GB3②否定式+比较级：Icouldn’tagreemorewiththewriter.句我非常同意作家的观点。词式=3\*GB3③the+比较级,the+比较级：Theharderyouwork,thebetterresultsyou’llget.你学习越努力你成绩就越好。=4\*GB3④比较级+比较级：Wearebecomingricherandricher.我们变得越来越富裕。倍数+as…as…副倍数+比较级+than倍数+the+名词+of倍数+what从句词倍倍数+that/thoseof…比数例:Ataroughestimate,NigeriaisthreetimesasbigasGreatBritain.=Ataroughestimate,NigeriaisthreetimesthesizeofGreatBritain.(粗略估计，尼日利亚的面积是大不列颠的三倍。)较表Theoutputofthisyearisthreetimeswhatitwasin2015等达=Theoutputofthisyearisthreetimesthatofin2015.级（今年的产量是2015年的三倍）Afterthenewtechniquewasintroduced,thefactoryproducedtwiceasmanycarsin2015astheyearbefore.(新技术被引进后，这家工厂2015年生产的小汽车数量是一年前的两倍)固定短语：moreorless差不多，几乎；what’smore更有甚者；lessthan少于；morethan多于；nomorethan仅仅；notmorethan之多，不多于。考点清单考点一：形容词形容词的基本用法=1\*GB3①Thesearevaluablesuggestions.(作前置定语)=2\*GB3②Hissuggestionsareveryvaluable.(作表语)=3\*GB3③Iconsiderhissuggestionsveryvaluable.(作宾补)=4\*GB3④Thisisabooksuitableforchildren.(作后置定语)=5\*GB3⑤Heisthehappiestpersonalive.(表语形容词作后置定语)=6\*GB3⑥Doyouhaveanythingimportanttotellme?(形容词修饰不定代词作定语后置)=7\*GB3⑦Hereturnedhome,safeandsound.他回到了家，安然无恙(形容词作状语)=8\*GB3⑧Heisstandingthere,fulloffear.他站在那里，充满了恐惧。(形容词短语作状语)副词的基本用法副词用来作状语，修饰动词、形容词、其它副词或整个句子。其位置一般为：=1\*GB3①在行为动词前或后；=2\*GB3②在所修饰的形容词、副词或句子之前；=3\*GB3③enough放在所修饰的形容词或副词的后面；=4\*GB3④频度副词放在be动词、情态动词之后，行为动词之前。=1\*GB3①Hestudiesveryhard.(副词very修饰hard，副词hard修饰动词studies)=2\*GB3②Sheisaverysmartgirl(副词修饰形容词)=3\*GB3③Fortunately,hisstepmotherwaskindtohim.(副词修饰整个句子)考点二形容词和副词比较级和最高级的构成规则形容词的比较级和最高级构成规则构成原级比较级最高级一般加-er和-eststrongstrongerstrongest以字母e结尾只加-r和-stlatelaterlatest以一个辅音字母的重读闭音节，双写该辅音字母再加-er和-esthotthinhotterthinnerhottestthinnest以“辅音字母+y”的，将y变为i，再加-er和-estangryuglyearlyangrieruglierearlierangriestugliestearliest其它双音节词和多音节词在其前面加more和mostenthusiasticmoreenthusiasticmostenthusiastic注意：1、词尾为“元音字母+y”时，直接加er和est。如：grey-greyer-greyest少数几个双音节词以及以er或le结尾的词，可以有两种比较级和最高级形式。common--commoner/morecommon—commonest/mostcommonclever—cleverer/moreclever—cleverest/mostcleversimple—simpler/moresimple—simplest/mostsimple3、在原级形容词前加less,least称为“较低级”与“最低级”。kind—lesskind—leastkind,useful—lessuseful—leastuseful4、一些复合形容词的比较等级：well-known—better-known—best-known5、有些形容词没有程度可分或形容词本身就表示某种程度，因此没有比较级和最高级。如：right正确的，wrong错误的，excellent最好的，final最后的，last最后的，possible可能的，first第一的，east东方的，empty空的，wooden木制的，impossible不可能的。副的比较级和最高级构成规则（规则变化与形容词比较级和最高级的变化规则相同）原级比较级最高级wellbetterbestbadlyworseworstmuchmoremostlittlelessleastfarfarther(指距离)further（指距离和抽象概念）farthset(指距离)furthest（指距离和抽象概念）考点三构成形容词的常见后缀名词+ysun—sunnywindwindyfunfunnyfogfoggyflowerfloweryrainrainy2.动词+ableadviseadvisablecomfortcomfortable3.名词+alnationnationaleducationeducationalnaturenaturaladditionadditional4.名词+enwoodwoodengoldgolden5.动词+entdifferdifferentinsistinsistent6.名词+ishfoolfoolishselfselfishboyboyishchildchildish7.动词+iveactactiveimpressimpressive8.名词+fulpowerpowerfulpeacepeacefulbeautybeautifulfaithfaithfulshameshamefulthankthankful9.名词+ousdangerdangerouscouragecourageousfamefamousenvyenvious10.名词+lyfriendfriendlyorderorderlytimetimelymonthmonthlyyearyearlydaydaily形容词+ly构成副词的规则情况构成例词一般情况+lyquickquicklybravebravelyimmediateimmediately辅音字母+y结尾将y变为i再加lyeasyeasilyhappyhappilyheavyheavilybusybusilyle结尾去e加ysimplesimplygentlegently元音字母加e结尾去e加lytruetrulyll结尾只加yfullfullydulldullyic结尾加allybasicbasicallyscientificscientifically形容词、副词（练习单）备课人：姚朝锋一.短文改错1.Icouldnotstaycalmlyandshoutedrudelyathim.(2016福建)2.WhenIwasakid,myfriendLizbecameverysicker.(2016河南)3.AlthoughIwaslaterforschooltoday,IfeltveryproudofwhatIhavedone.4.Ifullyunderstandwhywearenotcomfortableaboutit,butthere’snoneedtofeeltooshyly.(2016湖北)5.Tomygreatlyrelief,hebroughttextbookswithhimandhelpedmewithmylessons.(2016浙江). 6.Anyway,I‘mgreatgratefultoyouforyourkindinvitation.(2016山东)7.Shetreatshimsogood.(2016福建)8.Oneofourfriendsdecidedtobuyallofusicecreamandintherestaurant,wescreamedcrazy.(2016江西)9.Now,IdaresayIcanuseitskillful.(2016全国名校百校联考)10.EarlyonemorninginApril,2014,itwasraininghardly.(2016河北)11.What’smore,theteachingconditionsherearemanybetterthanthoseinSichuan((2016河北百校联考)12.Shewassilenceforamoment.(2015河南豫南)13.“NeitherdidI,”saidMothercareful.(2015山东菏泽)14.Becauseoflackofpracticeandplayingskills,Ididitverybadinthebeginningandwasoftenlaughedatbyotherstudents.(2014河南豫东豫北联考)15.ItwasextremecoldlastMondaymorning.(2016河南焦作)16.Iranoverquicktohelpherupandaskedherwhatwaswrongwithher.(2016湖北)17.Instead,hehopesthathisbusinesswillgrowsteady.(2016全国I)18.Itdoesnotcostmany,yetwecanstilllearnalot.(2016全国II)19.Theywerealsothebestandworseyearsinmylife.(2016全国)20.ThedisheswhatIcookedwereMom’sfavoritest.(2016四川)21.Itwasbothexcitedandfrighteningtobeupthere.(2015课标I)22.Lotsofstudieshavebeenshownthatglobalwarminghasalreadybecomeaveryseriouslyproblem(20165课标II)23.Ontheleft-handsideoftheclass,Icouldeasyseethefootballfield.(2015浙江)24.Ithoughtthebiscuitswerereallywell.(2015陕西)25.It’sbeenthreeStaturdaysanditreallycostsmemany.((2015四川)26.Wearegrowingwonderfullytomatoesatnocost.(2014课标I)27.Theteacherstherearekindandhelpfully.((2014全国II)28.Nooneinthecarriagehadpreviousspokentoorevennoticedtheticket-ownerbefore.(2014浙江)29.That’stoomuchforus,consideringhowcloselythehousesare.(2014辽宁)30.Don’tpanicorgetoutofline,andtryingtoremainquietandcalmly.(2014四川)二.语法填空1.I’mso_______(gratitude)toallthosevolunteersbecausetheyhelpedmyterribledayendhappily.2.Itwas_______(consider)ofMichaelinformusofhisdelayincasewegotworried.3.Andyiscontentwiththetoy.Itisthe______(good)hehasevergot.4.Mygoodperformanceinthejobinterviewleftme_________(optimism)aboutmyfutureandaboutwhatIcandohere.5.Whatwasso_________(impress)aboutJasmineWestland’svictorywasthatshecamefirstinthemarathonbare-footed.6.Mostofus,ifweknowevenalittleaboutwhereourfoodcomesfrom,understandthateverybiteputintoourmouthswas______(former)alive.7.Ifweleaverightaway,________(hope)we’llarriveontime.8.Everythingseemedtobegoing_________(smooth)forthefirsttwodaysafterImovedtoBeijing.9.Whataterribleexperience!________,you’resafenowthat’sthemainthing.10.Tonycanhardlyboilanegg,still______(little)cookdinner.11.QueenElizabethIIisoftenthoughttobetherichestwomanintheworld.________,herpersonalwealthseemsrathersmall.12.IthinkwatchingTVeveryeveningisawasteoftimethereare_______(meaningful)thingstodo.13.Thisisbyfar__________(inspiring)moviethatIhaveeverseen.14.It’ssaidthatthepowerplantisnowtwiceas________(large)aswhatitwas.15.Be________(reason)youcan’texpectmetofinishallthisworkinsolittletime.16.Mr.StevensonisgreattoworkforIreallycouldn’taskfora_______(good)boss.17.—HowwasyourrecenttriptoSichuan?I’veneverhada________(pleasant)onebefore.18.Anyone,whetherheisanofficialorabusdriver,shouldbe_______(equal)respected.19.Ihavebeenwritingthisreport________(occcasion)forthelasttwoweeks,butithastobehandedintomprrow.20.Withonlineshoppingincreasinglypopular,theInternetisseenasan_________(efficiency)wayofreachingtargetcustomers.21.Isatdownandstarted______(gentle)talkingtothedog.22.Ronhada_______(success)careerandworkedforFordbeforeretiringandleadingarelaxedlife.23.Astheycouldn’tplayoutdoors,theywere_______(happy),andsomeevengotintofightsfromtimetotime.24.Poorshudentbehaviourseemstobean________(increasing)widespreadproblemandIthinkthatmodernlifestylesareprobablyresponsibleforthis.25.Ihadthe_______(mean)motherintheworld.26.Romwasnotbuiltinaday.Youshouldset_______(real)goalsandworkhardtoachievethem.27.Andifhewantstolive_______(comfort),hehastowork.28.Youhaven’tchangedatallyoustilllook______(exact)thesameasbefore.29.Theproblems,ifnotsolved________(proper),willseriouslyaffectthegrowthofteenagersandeventhenation’sfuture.30.Yourideasareveryinteresting,butweneed________(practice)suggestionstogetusoutoftrouble.31.MyauntadvisedthatIneededtogotohospital,andthetreatmentsheprovidedgavemyparents_______(value)timetotakemetothehospital.32.Excuseme,mayIhaveawordwithMr.Jackson?I’mafraidhe’snot______(avail)now.He’shavingameetingupstairs.33.Wewillgive99%ofourFacebooksharescurrentlyabout﹩45billiontoadvancethis_______(value)mission.34.Peopleare_______(enthusism)shoppersinChinaonNovember11th,contributingtomorethan35billiononlineshoppingsales.35.Theclectronicred-packethasbeenso_________(popularity)thatAliPayandTencentWeChatcompeteagainsteachotheropenlyandsecretlysincethebeginningofthisyear.36.Nooneisbeyondlaw,soitis__________(reason)thatthetalentedyounguniversitystudentwassentencedtodeathformurderinghisroommatewithpoison.37.I’mnotalittletiredtodayaftergivingtheroomthoroughcleaningandIhavcneverhadas________(tire)adayastoday.38._________(similar),whenRonWebseterborrowedabookfromthelibraryoftheUniversityofLiverpool,heforgettoreturnit,too.39.Awisemancamealongandaskedthem,“Oh,mydearfriends,whyareyoucrying?”“Weweretenbutweareonlynine,”theyreplied,andcriedeven________(hard).40.YouhateChongqingHotPot,don’tyou?Not_______(exact),Ijustthinkitdoesn’tagreewithyou.41.Parentsandteachersalwaysthinkstudentsshouldspendmoretimeontheirstudies,butstudentsthemselvesthink__________(different).42.What’syourplanforthefuture?IhopetoattendmydreamcollegeinChinaatfirstand_________(eventual)workforHuaweiTechnologiesCo.Ltd.44.Youraretomeetwithfrustrationinthepursuitofsuccessandthrougheffortandhardworkyourdreamwilldefinitelycometrue.Putit_______(simple),“Nopain,nogain.”45.Deepreadingisaprogressinwhichpeople_________(critical)reflectinadditiontotryingtounderstandthewordsonthepage.46.Thefarmers’livingconditionshaveimproved_________(significance)eversincethepolicyofsupportingagriculturewasintroduced.47.AlthoughImajoredinEnglish,language________(surprising)becameachallengewhenIsetfootintheUSAforthefirsttime.48.Eventhoughtheconferencehallisnearhisapartment,hehastohurryalittleifhewantstobe___________(punctuality).49.IhavealwaysenjoyedalltheeventsyourorganizedandIhopetoattend_______moreinthecomingyears.50.Raymond