四川省宜宾市兴文第二中学2023-2024学年高三上学期2月期末英语试题

兴文二中高2021级高三上期期末考试英语试题第I卷选择题(100分)第一部分听力(共两节，满分30分)做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。1.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】Howwillthetwospeakersgotothebeachtomorrow?A.Bybus. B.Bycar. C.Onfoot.【答案】B【解析】【原文】W:Whatshallwedotomorrow,dear?M:Ifitdoesn’train,we’lldrivetothebeachwithPhilip.W:Itwillbefine.Ijusthearditontheradio.2.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】Whatdoesthewomanreallymean?A.Shehasnevergonehiking.B.Sheenjoyshikingverymuch.C.Sheenjoyedherexperienceofhiking.【答案】C【解析】【详解】M:Doyouevergohiking?W:Funnyyouasked.LastSunday,BethandIdecidedtogohikinginthemountainsnearourhousejustforachange.M:Howwasit?W:Wonderful!Asamatteroffact,wecan’twaittogoagainthisweekend.3.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】WhatisTonyusuallylike?A.Cheerful. B.Serious. C.Humorous.【答案】B【解析】【原文】M:What’seoverTony?He’sbeentellingjokesallmorning.W:Ithinkhemusthavehadsomeverygoodnews.Isawhimreadingaletterearlieron.M:He’snothisusualseriousself.It’sstrangetoseehimsolighthearted.4.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】Whydoesthewomantalktotheman?A.Tomakeareservation. B.Toaskforpermission. C.Toexpressthanks.【答案】B【解析】【原文】W:CanIuseyourbathroom,please?M:Ofcourse!Ithinksomeone’susingthedownstairsbathroomrightnow,butthere’sanotheroneupstairs.Thedoorisonyourleft.Oh,andthelightcontrolisjustoutsidethedoor.Peoplealwaysstruggletofindit!W:Great,thanks!5.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】Whatarethespeakersmainlytalkingabout?A.Clothes. B.Aplant. C.Aseason.【答案】C【解析】【原文】M:It’sonly13degreesCelsius.You’dbetterwearlongsleeveclothes.W:Okay.Oh,look,themapleleaveshaveturnedred!Andsomeofthetreesarealreadybeginningtodroptheirleaves.M:Yes,fallingleavesarethefirstsignofautumn.第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟;听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】6.Whatdoesthemansayaboutfoxes?A.Theyaredangerous. B.Theyalsoeatplants. C.Theylookprettyandsmall.7.Howlongdoaverageworkerantssleepeveryday?A.8hours. B.45hours. C.48minutes.【答案】6.B7.B【解析】【原文】M:IwatchedtheAnimalWorldwithmyparentslastnight.Ilearnedmanyinterestingfacts.Forexample,akindoffoxeatsnotonlymeat,butalsoapples,pears,carrots,etc.W:Really?Iusedtothinkfoxesonlyeatmeat.Ioncesawapieceofnewsthatafoxhadhurtaman.M:Maybethefoxwastryingtoprotectitself.Youknowwhat?It’samagicworld.Humansneedtosleepforatleast8hours,whileaverageworkeranttakesapproximately250napseachday,witheachonelastingjustoveraminute.Thataddsupto4hoursand48minutesofsleepperday.IfeltsurprisedwhenIknewit.W:Cool,Ithinkantsarereallyhardworking.Iwanttowatchtheshow,too.MaybeI’llwatchitafterwork.M:It’sreallyworthseeing.听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】8.Whydoesn’tthewomanwanttogototheCatHouse?A.Thefoodisexpensive. B.It’snoisy. C.Manycatsarethere.9.WhatimpressedthemanmostabouttheLotusrestaurant?A.ItsFrenchfood. B.Itsmoderndecoration. C.Itsliveband.【答案】8.B9.C【解析】【原文】W:WouldyouliketoeatoutwithmethisSaturday?M:Ofcourse.Whereshallwego?IrememberyouloveBeijingRoastDuck.W:Yeah,Idoloveit.Butthistime,let’strysomethingdifferent.HowabouttheCatHouse?M:Goodidea.Iknowthatmanypeoplehavewrittenpositivereviewsaboutthatrestaurant,butit’sabitexpensive.W:Oh,wait!Somereviewssayit’salwaysfullofyoungkids.Theyplaywiththecatsintherestaurant.Itmustbeverynoisy.Idon’tthinkit’sagoodchoice.M:Then,howabouttheLotusrestaurant?It’samodernlydecoratedplacewithgoodFrenchfood.WhatimpressedmemostlasttimeIwastherewasitsliveband,butasforthenoise...W:Aliveband?Cool!Let’sgothere.听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】10.Whatdidthewomanjustdo?A.Sherushedforthetrain. B.Shegotoffthetrain. C.Shecamebackfromtown.11.Whatdoweknowaboutthewoman?A.Hercoatwaslost. B.Herphonewasstolen. C.Hersportsshoesaredirty.12.Whichwordcanbestdescribethewoman?A.Disorganized. B.Reliable. C.Sporty.【答案】10.A11.C12.A【解析】【原文】W:Ohmygoodness...I’vejustmadeit!Foronce,thetrainwasontime!M:Youdidhavetorunprettyfast.Isawyoufromwaybackthere,andIwasworriedI’dhavetogointotownonmyown!W:Everythingwentwrong.Icouldn’tfindmymobilephoneandthenoneoftheheelsofmyblackshoesbrokeoff.That’swhyI’mwearingmysportsshoes.Ididn’twantto,becausethey’rereallydirty.Ididn’thavetimetocleanthemaftermylastrun.Andtheydon’tmatchmycoatatall.M:Well,atleastyouwereabletorunfast!W:That’strue!听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】13.Whatistheman’sworklike?A.Tiring. B.Relaxing. C.Boring.14.Whatisthemostchallengingtotheman?A.Dealingwithuniqueanimals. B.Treatinginjuredlions. C.Lookingafterbabyanimals.15Whatisthewoman?A.Azookeeper. B.Areporter. C.Astudent.16.Whatistheman’sadvicetothewoman?A.Togetahigherdegree. B.Toreceivesometraining. C.Toraiseapet.【答案】13.A14.A15.C16.B【解析】【原文】W:Andy,asaworkerinalargezoo,whatisatypicaldayforyoulike?M:Basically,I’monthegoallday.Yesterday,Istartedoffbycheckingababycamel.ThenIwenttoseealion.W:Whatdidyoufind?M:Whatworriesmeisthatthelion’sinjuredbackshouldhavegotbetterbutithasn’t.Thelionisstillinpain.Youknow,aninjuredlionisdangerous.W:Whatdoyouthinkofyourjob?M:Ilovethisjob,butsometimesit’sdifficult.Performinganoperationonhugeanimalslikeelephantsisprettydemanding,butwhatIfindthemostchallengingisworkingwithspeciesthatarereallyunique.W:IfIwanttoworkinthisarea,whatshouldIdo?M:Today,youcollegestudentsarefacingatotallydifferenttime.Whenyoufinishyourzoologydegree,you’requalifiedtotreatpets,butyouhavetodospecializedtraining.Goodluckinyourfuturecareer!W:OK.Thanksforyourguidance!听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】17.Whatisthespeakermainlytalkingabout?A.Coolingfans. B.Airconditioning. C.Roomdesign.18.Whichcountrymighthaveinventedthefirstcoolingdevice?A.Egypt. B.Rome. C.China.19.Whichcoolingmethodhasthelongesthistory?A.Wetplants. B.Coldwater. C.Handfans.20.Whereisthepassagemostprobablytakenfrom?A.Aradioprogramme. B.Aculturemagazine. C.Ahistorybook.【答案】17.B18.A19.C20.A【解析】【原文】Thedesiretostaycoolis,ofcourse,nothingnew.TheancientEgyptiansandRomansemployedvarioustechniquestocooldowntheirbuildingsfromtheoutsideheat.SomepeoplehaveevenclaimedthatthefirstairconditioningdevicewasinventedinancientEgypt.TheancientEgyptianswouldhangwetplantsoutsidetheirwindows,andwhentheaircameintothehouse,itwouldbecooledbythecoolwaterdropsontheplants.TheRomansunderstoodthatiftheycouldbringcoldwaterundertheirhouses,thenthetemperatureinsidewouldfall.Andifwereallystretchthemeaningofthephrase“airconditioning”,thenhandfanshavebeenusedsincetheverybeginningofthehistory.Peoplerealizedthattheycouldmoveairbywavingsomethinganditwouldcoolthemdownforawhile.TheChineseinventorDingHuanwentastepfurtherinthesecondcenturyandinventedafanthatcouldgoaround,similartofanswemightseetoday,althoughitwaspoweredbyservants.That’sallfortoday.Pleasestaytunedformoreupdates.第二部分阅读理解(共两节，满分40分)第一节(共15小题;每小题2分，满分30分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。AEverfindyourselfwonderingwhatitmightbeliketoliveinsomeofTV'smostfamoushomes?Famoushomescanbeepartofthereasonyoufallinlovewithaseries,soherearesomeofourfavorites.BigLittleLies:Madeline’shouseByfarthemostbeautifulbeachnestintheseriesisMadeline'shouse,whichisactuallylocatedinMalibu.Therealhouseboastssevenbedrooms,eightbathrooms,andabalconysurroundedbywallsprovidingsomeunrealoceanviews.Thehouseissaidtohaveitsfairshareofcelebritygueststoo.It'snowonderwhy!ModernFamily:Jay’shouseThetwostorycontemporaryhomeisburstingwithboldcolorsandanimalprints,withmanyguessingthatthedecorationchannelsGloria'sstrongpersonality.Butit'sthebackyardthatmakesthehousesoappealing.Thehugepoolthat'sfrequentlyspottedinvariousepisodesisastrongreminderthatweneedtomovetodestinationwithmoresunshineonoffer.AmericanHorrorStory:TheCovenhouseAlthoughtakenoverbywitchesintheseriesandcalled“MissRobichaux'sAcademyforExceptionalYoungLadies”,theeleganthouseisactuallycalledBucknerMansion.Thefamoushomeispletewithtallceilings,impressivechandeliers,andstairsthatgoonforever.Youcan'tactuallyvisitthemansion,butyoucanstrollbyit.TheSopranos:Tony'shouseThespaciousNewJerseyhomehasahugediningarea,fourbedrooms,anoutsidepool,andthatfamouscurveddrivewayfeaturedintheopeningcredits.It'snowonderthefamoushousehasjustgoneonthemarketfor3.4million!Researchshowsthatthemansionmayhavemorethandoubledinvaluesincetheshow.It'sstillonthemarketsoyoutoocouldlivelikeaTVstar!21.WhatcanwelearnaboutMadeline’shouse?AIthasahugediningarea. B.Itisathreestorybeachhouse.C.Itisoftenvisitedbycelebrities. D.Itboastsauthenticoceanviews.22.WhatmakesJay’shouseattractivetotheaudience?A.Itsboldcolors. B.Itsbackyard. C.Thehugepool. D.Gloria'spersonality.23.Whichhousehasbeenputupforsale?A.Madeline'shouse. B.Jay'shouse. C.TheCovenhouse. D.Tony'shouse.【答案】21.C22.B23.D【解析】【导语】这是一篇应用文。介绍了一些电视上最著名的房子的信息。【21题详解】细节理解题。由BigLittleLies:Madeline’shouse项下“Thehouseissaidtohaveitsfairshareofcelebritygueststoo.”（据说这所房子也有不少名人客人）可知，Madeline的房子有很多名人访客，故选C项。【22题详解】细节理解题。由ModernFamily:Jay’shouse项下“Butit’sthebackyardthatmakesthehousesoappealing.”（但正是后院让这所房子如此吸引人。）可知，这所房子吸引人的地方是后院，故选B项。【23题详解】细节理解题。由TheSopranos:Tony’shouse项下“It’snowonderthefamoushousehasjustgoneonthemarketfor3.4million!”（难怪这座著名的房子刚刚以340万的价格上市出售！）可知，Tony的房子在市场出售中，故选D项。BLiuShuqibrokeupwithherboyfriendtwomonthsagoandhasnowfoundanewpanion.Thehandsome“man”isdressedinawhitesuitwithastylishhaircut.Heunderstandsheremotionsandfeelingsperfectlyandgivesherfort,encouragementandsupport.“HeisveryhumorousandofferssomefortwhenIaminabadmood,”the26yearoldbankemployeesaid.Theonlyproblemisheisavirtualbeingandnotarealboyfriend.Liuisnotaloneinherchoiceofpanion.Inadigitalerawherepeopleareheavilyreliantontheirsmartdevices,manyofthosewholivealoneincreasinglyturntothevirtualfieldtoseekpanions.Theartificialintelligencepowereddigitalhumans,whoaresimilartorealhumansinappearanceandbehavior,arecapableofproviding24houronlinepanionship,humanlikeconversationandemotionalsupport.Theywilllikelybeeanessentialpartofpeople’sdailylives,industryexpertssaid.LinKaikaiandYeYouyou,twopanionorientedvirtualbeings,wererecentlylaunchedbyChinesetechgiantBaiduInc.PoweredbyBaidu’sPlato,anAImodelfordialoguegenerationthatistrainedonover10billionparameterscollectedfromsocialmediaconversationsinbothEnglishandChinese,thetwodigitalhumanshaveasmooth,morehumanlikeinteraction.Forinstance,theycanparticipateinconversationsthroughvariousformssuchastexts,voiceandemojis.Theyoffercustomizedwakeupcallservicesandlearnaboutthepreferencesoftheirusers,mainlythroughincreasedfrequencyofchatsandinteractions,Baidusaid.Othertechpanieshavealsojumpedonthepanionorientedvirtualbeingtrend.XiaoiceisanAIpoweredchatbotthatseemstoredefinetheconceptionsofromanceandrelationshipsamongyoungChinese.Ithashelpedtofortlonelyheartsthroughmorethan17millionvirtual“girlfriends”and“boyfriends”inChina.“Theriseofdigitalhumansthatserveasemotionalpanionsisaresultoftechnologicalinnovation,suchastheimprovementinappearance,functionsandinteractiveexperienceofdigitalhumans,fueledbytheenhanceddeeplearningcapacitiesbasedonmassiveuserdata,”saidChenDuan,directoroftheDigitalEconomyIntegrationInnovationDevelopmentCenterattheCentralUniversityofFinanceandEconomics.Asetofproblemsthoughhavealsoemerged.Theyincludeethics,morals,datasecurityandpersonalprivacyprotectionintheindustry,Chensaid,whilecallingforeffortstoformulaterelevantlawsandregulationsontheownershipofdigitalcharactersandstandardizingtheirbehaviors.24.WhatisLiu’newpanionlikeaccordingtoLiuShuqiherself?A.Handsomeandstylish B.HumorousandhelpfulC.Perfectandsupportive D.Cleverandunderstanding25.Whyaremanysolitarypeopleturningtovirtualpanionsnow?A.Becausevirtualpanionslookverylikerealhumans.B.Becausevirtualpanionscanofferawholedayonlinepanionship.C.Becausethesepeoplerelyontheirdigitaldevicesheavily.D.Becausethesepeopleneedemotionalsupportverymuch.26.Whichofthefollowingmaynotbeawayforvirtualpanionstotakepartinaconversation?A.Texts B.emojis C.voice D.eyecontact27.WhatmeasuresshouldbetakentosolvetheproblemsalongwiththeboomingofvirtualpanionsaccordingtoChenDuan?A.Makingrelativerulesandlaws. B.Regularizethebehaviorsofvirtualpanions.C.Stopproducingvirtualpanions. D.BothAandB.【答案】24.B25.C26.D27.D【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了如今虚拟伴侣流行的现象，分析了背后的原因以及业内专家表示，它们可能会成为人们日常生活中不可或缺的一部分。且其他科技公司也加入了以伴侣为导向的虚拟存在趋势。【24题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段中“Heunderstandsheremotionsandfeelingsperfectlyandgivesherfort,encouragementandsupport.“HeisveryhumorousandofferssomefortwhenIaminabadmood,”the26yearoldbankemployeesaid.(他完全理解她的情绪和感受，给她安慰、鼓励和支持。这位26岁的银行职员说：“他很幽默，在我心情不好的时候给我一些安慰。”)”可知，刘的新伴侣幽默且对她有帮助。故选B。【25题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段“Inadigitalerawherepeopleareheavilyreliantontheirsmartdevices,manyofthosewholivealoneincreasinglyturntothevirtualfieldtoseekpanions.(在一个人们严重依赖智能设备的数字时代，许多独居者越来越多地转向虚拟领域寻找伴侣)”可知，许多孤独的人现在转向虚拟伴侣是因为这些人严重依赖他们的数字设备。故选C。【26题详解】细节理解题。根据第六段“Forinstance,theycanparticipateinconversationsthroughvariousformssuchastexts,voiceandemojis.(例如，他们可以通过文本、语音和表情符号等各种形式参与对话)”可知，眼神交流不是虚拟同伴参与对话的方式。故选D。【27题详解】细节理解题。根据最后一段“Theyincludeethics,morals,datasecurityandpersonalprivacyprotectionintheindustry,Chensaid,whilecallingforeffortstoformulaterelevantlawsandregulationsontheownershipofdigitalcharactersandstandardizingtheirbehaviors.(陈说，这些问题包括行业的伦理、道德、数据安全和个人隐私保护，同时呼吁努力制定有关数字人物所有权的相关法律法规，规范他们的行为)”可知，随着虚拟伴侣的蓬勃发展，应该制定相关法规和规范虚拟同伴的行为。故选D。CEducatorsandbusinessleadershavemoreinmonthanitmayseem.Teacherswanttopreparestudentsforasuccessfulfuture.Technologypanies,likeAT&T,haveaninterestindevelopingaworkforcewiththeSTEM(science,technology,engineeringandmath)skillsneededtogrowthepanyandadvancetheindustry.Howcantheyworktogethertoachievethesegoals?Playmaybetheanswer.FocusingonSTEMskillsisimportantbuttherealityisthatSTEMskillsareenhancedandmorerelevantwhenbinedwithtraditional,handsoncreativeactivities.Thisbinationisprovingtobethebestwaytopreparetoday’schildrentobethemakersandbuildersoftomorrow.Thatiswhytechnologypaniesarepartneringwitheducatorstobringbackgood,oldfashionplay.Infactmanyexpertsarguethatthemostimportant21stcenturyskillsaren’trelatedtospecifictechnologiesorsubjectmatter,buttocreativity;skillslikeimagination,problemfindingandproblemsolving,teamwork,optimism,patienceandtheabilitytoexperimentandtakerisks.Theseareskillsacquiredwhenkidstinker(捣鼓小玩意).HightechindustriessuchasNASA’sJetPropulsionLaboratoryhavefoundthattheirbestoverallproblemsolversweremastertinkerersintheiryouth.Therearecognitivebenefitsofdoingthingsthewaywedidaschildren—buildingsomething,tearingitdown,thenbuildingitupagain.Researchshowsthatgiven15minutesoffreeplay,fourandfiveyearoldswillspendathirdofthistimeengagedinspatial,mathematical,andarchitecturalactivities.Thistypeofplay—especiallywithbuildingblocks—helpschildrendiscoveranddevelopkeyprinciplesinmathandgeometry.Ifplayandbuildingarecriticalto21stcenturyskilldevelopment,thenthat’sreallygoodnewsfortworeasons:Childrenarebornbuilders,makers,andcreators,sofostering(培养)21stcenturyskillsmaybeassimpleasgivingkidsroomtoplay,tinkerandtrythingsout,evenastheygrowolder;andthesecondpieceofgoodnewsisthatitdoesn’ttake21stcenturytechnologytofoster21stcenturyskills.Thisisespeciallyimportantforunderresourcedschoolsandmunities.Takingwhatevermaterialsarehandyandtinkeringwiththemisasimplewaytoengagethoseimportant“maker”skills.Andanyone,anywhere,candoit.28.Whatdoestheauthorsayabouteducators?A.Theyseekadvicefromtechnologypaniestoachieveteachinggoals.B.Theyhavebeensuccessfulinpreparingtheworkforceforpanies.C.Theyhelpstudentsacquiretheskillsneededfortheirfuturesuccess.D.Theypartnerwithtechnologypaniestoenhanceteachingefficiency.29.Howcaneducatorsbetterdevelopstudents’STEMskills,accordingtotheauthor?A.Byblendingthemwithtraditional,stimulatingactivities.B.Byinvitingbusinessleaderstohelpdesigncurriculums.C.Byenhancingstudents’abilitytothinkinacriticalway.D.Byshowingstudentsthebestwaytolearnisthroughplay.30.Howdochildrenacquiretheskillsneededforthe21stcentury?A.Byengaginginactivitiesinvolvingspecifictechnologies.B.Byplayingwiththingstosolveproblemsontheirown.C.Byfamiliarizingthemselveswithhightechgadgets.D.Bymasteringbasicprinciplesthroughteamwork.31.Whatdoestheauthoradvisedisadvantagedschoolsandmunitiestodo?A.Trainstudentstobemakerstomeetfuturemarketdemands.B.Developstudents’creativeskillswiththeresourcesavailable.C.Engagestudentswithchallengingtaskstofostertheircreativity.D.Worktogetherwithpaniestoimprovetheirteachingfacilities.【答案】28.C29.A30.B31.A【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。随着科技公司对具有STEM(科学、技术、工程和数学)技能的员工的需求的增加，传统的动手游戏重新流行起来，STEM技能与传统的、动手的创造性活动相结合，是令今天的孩子成为明天的创造者和建设者的最佳方式。【28题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段第二句“Teacherswanttopreparestudentsforasuccessfulfuture.(老师们想让学生们为成功的未来做好准备)”可知，教育者帮助学生获得未来成功所需的技能。故选C项。【29题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段的“FocusingonSTEMskillsisimportant,buttherealityisthatSTEMskillsareenhancedandmorerelevantwhenbinedwithtraditional,handsoncreativeactivities.Thisbinationisprovingtobethebestwaytopreparetoday’schildrentobethemakersandbuildersoftomorrow.(专注于STEM技能很重要，但现实情况是，STEM技能与传统的、动手的创造性活动相结合，会得到增强，更具相关性。事实证明，这种结合是让今天的孩子成为明天的创造者和建设者的最佳方式)”可知，作者认为通过将它们与传统的、刺激的活动相结合时教育者能更好的培养学生的STEM能力。故选A项。【30题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段的“Infactmanyexpertsarguethatthemostimportant21stcenturyskillsaren’trelatedtospecifictechnologiesorsubjectmatter,buttocreativity,skillslikeimagination,problemfindingandproblemsolving,teamwork,optimism,patienceandtheabilitytoexperimentandtakerisks.Theseareskillsacquiredwhenkidstinker(鼓捣小玩意).(事实上，许多专家认为，21世纪最重要的技能与特定的技术或主题无关，而是与创造力、想象力、发现问题和解决问题、团队合作、乐观、耐心以及实验和冒险的能力等技能有关。这些都是孩子们在动手时习得的技能)”可知，孩子们鼓捣小玩意时获得创造力、想象力、发现问题和解决问题、团队合作、乐观、耐心以及实验和冒险的能力。故选B项。【31题详解】推理判断题。根据第五段“andthesecondpieceofgoodnewsisthatitdoesn’ttake21stcenturytechnologytofoster21stcenturyskills.Thisisespeciallyimportantforunderresourcedschoolsandmunities.Takingwhatevermaterialsarehandyandtinkeringwiththemisasimplewaytoengagethoseimportant‘maker’skills.Andanyone,anywhere,candoit.(第二个好消息是，培养21世纪的技能并不需要21世纪的技术。这对资源不足的学校和社区尤其重要。使用任何手边的材料并对其进行修补是一种使用这些重要的‘制造者’技能的简单方法。任何人在任何地方都可以做到。)”可知，对于弱势学校和社区，让孩子们使用手边的任何材料是把孩子们培养成为21世纪的“制造者”的最简单的方法，故选A项。DDogsgreetotherdogsnosefirst,asitwere—sniffingeachotherfromforeto(especially)aft.Peoplearenotquitesoopenabouttheprocessofsniffingeachotherout.Butthesizeoftheperfumeindustrysuggestsscentisimportantinhumanrelations,too.Thereisalsoevidencethathumanbeingscaninferkinship(亲戚关系),deduceemotionalstatesandevendetectdiseaseviathesenseofsmell.Now,researchersoftheWeizmannInstituteofScienceinIsrael,havegoneastepfurther.Theythinktheyhaveshown,admittedlyinafairlysmallsampleofindividuals,thatfriendsactuallysmellalike.Theyhavealsoshownthatthisisprobablythecasefromthebeginning,withpeoplepickingfriendsatleastpartlyonthebasisofbodyodour(气味),ratherthanthebodyodoursofpeoplewhobeefriendssubsequentlyconverging(趋同).Theystatedtheirresearchbytestingtheodoursof20pairsofestablishednonromantic,samesexfriends.Theydidthisusinganelectronicnoseandalsotwogroupsofspeciallyemployedhuman“smellers.”TheenoseemployedasetofgassensorstoassessTshirtswornbyparticipants.Onegroupofhumansmellersweregivenpairsoftheseshirtsandaskedtoratehowsimilartheysmelt.ThoseintheothergroupwereaskedtoratetheodoursofindividualTshirtsonfivesubjectivedimensions:pleasantness,intensity,attractiveness,petenceandwarmth.Allthreeapproachesyieldedthesameresult.TheTshirtsoffriendssmeltmoresimilartoeachotherthantheTshirtsofstrangers.Friends,inotherwords,doindeedsmellalike.Whyscentmightplayaroleinformingfriendshipsremainsobscure.Otherqualitiesrelatedwithbeingfriends,includingage,appearance,education,religionandrace,areeitherimmediatelyobviousorrapidlybeeso.Butwhilesomeindividualshavestrongandnoticeablebodyodour,many—atleastsincetheuseofsoaphasbeewidespread—donot.Itispresent.Butitissubconscious.32.WhyaredogsandtheperfumeindustrymentionedinParagraph1?A.Tolistsomeexamples. B.Tointroducethetopic.C.Tomakeaparison. D.Toproviderelevantevidence.33.WhatcanwelearnfromParagraph2?A.Thebodyodouristhebeginningoffriendship.B.Peoplestarttosmellalikeafterbeingfriends.C.Manypeopleareinvolvedastheresearchsamples.D.Odourmatchingmaybeareasonforbeingfriends.34.Howdidtheresearchersconducttheexperiment?A.Bytryingtoyieldthesameresultwiththreeapproaches.B.Bytestingtheodoursof20nonromanticfriendsofthesamesex.C.ByaskingeachgrouptoratetheodoursofTshirtsonfivedimensions.D.ByemployingenoseandhumansmellerstoassesstheodoursofTshirts.35.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“obscure”inthelastparagraphmean?A.Unclear. B.Important. C.Obvious. D.Subjective.【答案】32.B33.D34.D35.A【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了一个科学发现：气味可能在友谊的形成过程中起作用。【32题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段中“Dogsgreetotherdogsnosefirst,asitwere—sniffingeachotherfromforeto(especially)aft.

(狗与狗打招呼时先用鼻子，就像从前到后(尤其是)互相嗅对方一样。)”以及本段中“Thereisalsoevidencethathumanbeingscaninferkinship(亲戚关系),deduceemotionalstatesandevendetectdiseaseviathesenseofsmell.(也有证据表明，人类可以通过嗅觉推断亲属关系，推断情绪状态，甚至检测疾病。)”可知，文章开头以狗狗为例，说明狗狗通过嗅觉来确定对方，由此为了引出文章的主题即人类也可以通过嗅觉推断亲属或者朋友关系，推断情绪状态。故选B。【33题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段中“Now,researchersoftheWeizmannInstituteofScienceinIsrael,havegoneastepfurther.Theythinktheyhaveshown,admittedlyinafairlysmallsampleofindividuals,thatfriendsactuallysmellalike.

(现在，以色列魏茨曼科学研究所的研究人员又向前迈进了一步。他们认为他们已经证明了——诚然，在相当小的个体样本中——朋友们的气味实际上是相似的。)”可知，以色列魏茨曼科学研究所的研究人员认为，朋友们的气味实际上是相似的。故选D。【34题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段中“Theystatedtheirresearchbytestingtheodoursof20pairsofestablishednonromantic,samesexfriends.Theydidthisusinganelectronicnoseandalsotwogroupsofspeciallyemployedhuman“smellers.”TheenoseemployedasetofgassensorstoassessTshirtswornbyparticipants.

(他们通过测试20对没有恋爱关系的同性朋友的气味来陈述他们的研究。他们使用电子鼻和两组专门雇佣的人类“嗅探员”来做到这一点。电子鼻使用了一套气体传感器来评估参与者穿的t恤。)”可知，研究人员通过使用电子鼻和人类嗅觉来评估T恤的气味，从而进行实验。故选D。【35题详解】词义猜测题。根据划线词后面的句子“Otherqualitiesrelatedwithbeingfriends,includingage,appearance,education,religionandrace,areeitherimmediatelyobviousorrapidlybeeso.Butwhilesomeindividualshavestrongandnoticeablebodyodour,many—atleastsincetheuseofsoaphasbeewidespread—donot.Itispresent.Butitissubconscious.(与交朋友有关的其他品质，包括年龄、外貌、教育程度、宗教和种族，要么是显而易见的，要么很快就会显现出来。但是，虽然有些人有强烈而明显的体味，但大多数人——至少自从肥皂的使用变得普遍以来——并没有。它就在眼前。但这是潜意识的。)”可知，为什么气味可能在友谊的行程中起作用还不清楚。因此划线词obscure的意思为“不清楚”。故选A。第二节(共5小题;每小题2分，满分10分)根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。ItnowseemslikeyearsagothatSiliconValley’shoodie(连帽衫)culturemademaleexecutives’wardrobesmorecasualacrossmostindustries.Fromfinancialpaniestoinsurancepanies,frominsurerstoautomakers,traditionaldresscodestransformedinto“dressappropriately”.Nowexecutivemeninmoretraditionalofficesarefiguringouthowtodressdownbutstilllookprofessional,andthoseattechfirmsaregrowingupandwonderinghowtodressupbutstilllookcool.“____36____Peopleshouldn’tbeabletopointoutexactlywhyyoulookasgoodasyoudo,”saidNickHart,founderofSpencerHart.____37____ThesneakersSneakershavegonetotallyexclusive,witheyeopeningpricetagstomatch.____38____Soit’smonlyseenthatNetflixCEOReedHastingsandSnapCEOEvanSpiegelhaveshownapreferenceforwearingSalomonsneakers.____39____Ofcourse,greatjeanswithablazerandsmartloafers,ifnotsneakers,isamodernclassiclook.SomehandsomemainbrandsincludetheJBrandKanefitjeans,theAGGraduatefit,andtheFrameL’Homme,saidJacciJayeofWallStreetStylist.Theglasses____40____MicrosoftCEOSatyaNadellaisoftenseeninastrikingpair.Forcolorfulframesthatarenotoverlypriced,youmighttryEyebobs.ThepanyhasnotedthattopexecutiveslikeRevlonchairmanRonPerelmanhavebeenspottedinthem.A.TheloafersB.ThejeansC.Itshouldlookeffortless.D.Manypeopleliketheexpensiveones.E.Ifyouhavetowearglasses,there’snoreasonwhytheycan’taddatouchofstyle.F.Herearesomeitemshighpoweredmenarewearingwhendressingforworkandweekends.G.Someexecutivesevenwillthrowdownmorethan$1,000forapair.【答案】36.C37.F38.G39.B40.E【解析】【导语】本文为应用文。文章主要介绍了