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热考主题7生态环保
Passage1话题:四个护林员项目主题语境:人与自然词数:约255
难度:★★★☆☆[2023新课标Ⅱ卷·A]YellowstoneNationalParkoffersavarietyofrangerprogramsthroughoutthepark,andthroughouttheyear.Thefollowingaredescriptionsoftherangerprogramsthissummer.ExperiencingWildlifeinYellowstone(May26toSeptember2)Whetheryou’rehikingabackcountrytrail(小径),camping,orjustenjoyingthepark’samazingwildlifefromtheroad,thisquickworkshopisforyouandyourfamily.Learnwheretolookforanimalsandhowtosafelyenjoyyourwildlifewatchingexperience.MeetattheCanyonVillageStore.JuniorRangerWildlifeOlympics(June5toAugust21)KidscantesttheirskillsandcomparetheirabilitiestotheanimalsofYellowstone.Stayforaslittleoraslongasyourplansallow.MeetinfrontoftheVisitorEducationCenter.CanyonTalksatArtistPoint(June9toSeptember2)Fromaclassicviewpoint,enjoyLowerFalls,theYellowstoneRiver,andthebreathtakingcolorsofthecanyon(峡谷)whilelearningaboutthearea’snaturalandhumanhistory.Discoverwhyartistsandphotographerscontinuetobedrawntothisspecialplace.MeetonthelowerplatformatArtistPointontheSouthRimDriveforthisshorttalk.PhotographyWorkshops(June19&July10)Enhanceyourphotographyskills—joinYellowstone’sparkphotographerforahands-onprogramtoinspirenewandcreativewaysofenjoyingthebeautyandwonderofYellowstone.6/19‒Waterfalls&WideAngles:meetatArtistPoint.7/10–Wildflowers&WhiteBalance:meetatWashburnTrailheadinChittendenparkingarea.1.Whichofthefourprogramsbeginstheearliest?A.PhotographyWorkshops.B.JuniorRangerWildlifeOlympics.C.CanyonTalksatArtistPoint.D.ExperiencingWildlifeinYellowstone.2.WhatistheshorttalkatArtistPointabout?A.Worksoffamousartists.B.Protectionofwildanimals.C.Basicphotographyskills.D.Historyofthecanyonarea.3.WherewilltheparticipantsmeetfortheJuly10photographyworkshop?A.ArtistPoint. B.WashburnTrailhead.C.CanyonVillageStore. D.VisitorEducationCenter.【解析】
本文主要介绍了美国黄石国家公园的四个护林员项目。1.D理解具体信息对比四个项目的时间信息可知,ExperiencingWildlifeinYellowstone是最早开始的(May26)。故D项正确。2.D理解具体信息根据CanyonTalksatArtistPoint部分中的"whilelearningaboutthearea’snaturalandhumanhistory"及本段最后的"forthisshorttalk"可知,这个简短的演讲是关于Canyon这个地方的历史的。故D项正确。3.B理解具体信息根据PhotographyWorkshops部分中的"7/10...meetatWashburnTrailhead"可知,7月10日参加者要在这里碰面。故B项正确。Passage2话题:人类与大自然互动主题语境:人与自然词数:约255
难度:★★★★☆重视生态环保[2023新课标Ⅱ卷·D]Ascitiesballoonwithgrowth,accesstonatureforpeoplelivinginurbanareasisbecominghardertofind.Ifyou’relucky,theremightbeapocketparknearwhereyoulive,butit’sunusualtofindplacesinacitythatarerelativelywild.Pastresearchhasfoundhealthandwellnessbenefitsofnatureforhumans,butanewstudyshowsthatwildnessinurbanareasisextremelyimportantforhumanwell-being.Theresearchteamfocusedonalargeurbanpark.Theysurveyedseveralhundredpark-goers,askingthemtosubmitawrittensummaryonlineofameaningfulinteractiontheyhadwithnatureinthepark.Theresearchersthenexaminedthesesubmissions,coding(编码)experiencesintodifferentcategories.Forexample,oneparticipant’sexperienceof"Wesatandlistenedtothewavesatthebeachforawhile"wasassignedthecategories"sittingatbeach"and"listeningtowaves."Acrossthe320submissions,apatternofcategoriestheresearcherscalla"naturelanguage"begantoemerge.Afterthecodingofallsubmissions,halfadozencategorieswerenotedmostoftenasimportanttovisitors.Theseincludeencounteringwildlife,walkingalongtheedgeofwater,andfollowinganestablishedtrail.Namingeachnatureexperiencecreatesausablelanguage,whichhelpspeoplerecognizeandtakepartintheactivitiesthataremostsatisfyingandmeaningfultothem.Forexample,theexperienceofwalkingalongtheedgeofwatermightbesatisfyingforayoungprofessionalonaweekendhikeinthepark.Backdowntownduringaworkday,theycanenjoyamoredomesticformofthisinteractionbywalkingalongafountainontheirlunchbreak."We’retryingtogeneratealanguagethathelpsbringthehuman-natureinteractionsbackintoourdailylives.Andforthattohappen,wealsoneedtoprotectnaturesothatwecaninteractwithit,"saidPeterKahn,aseniorauthorofthestudy.1.Whatphenomenondoestheauthordescribeatthebeginningofthetext?A.Pocketparksarenowpopular. B.Wildnatureishardtofindincities.C.Manycitiesareoverpopulated. D.Peopleenjoylivingclosetonature.2.Whydidtheresearcherscodeparticipantsubmissionsintocategories?A.Tocomparedifferenttypesofpark-goers.
B.Toexplainwhytheparkattractstourists.C.Toanalyzethemainfeaturesofthepark.
D.Tofindpatternsinthevisitors’summaries.3.Whatcanwelearnfromtheexamplegiveninparagraph5?A.Walkingisthebestwaytogainaccesstonature.B.Youngpeoplearetoobusytointeractwithnature.C.Thesamenatureexperiencetakesdifferentforms.D.Thenaturelanguageenhancesworkperformance.4.WhatshouldbedonebeforewecaninteractwithnatureaccordingtoKahn?A.Languagestudy.
B.Environmentalconservation.C.Publiceducation.
D.Interculturalcommunication.【解析】
作者通过对一项新的研究结果及其过程的描述,向读者介绍了与大自然互动对人类健康的重要性,同时也指出要保护大自然。1.B理解具体信息题干问的是在文章开头作者描述的是什么现象。根据第一段中的"accesstonatureforpeoplelivinginurbanareasisbecominghardertofind"(城市居民越来越难以接触大自然)以及"it’sunusualtofindplacesinacitythatarerelativelywild"(在一个城市里找到相对天然的地方是罕见的)可知,在城市里很难接触大自然。故B项正确。2.D推断题干问的是研究人员将参与者提交的文件分类的原因。根据第四段第一句话"Acrossthe320submissions,apatternofcategories...begantoemerge"(在320份提交的材料中,一种被研究人员称为"自然语言"的类别模式开始出现)可知,研究人员这样做是为了从访客的总结材料中找出类别规律。故D项正确。3.C推断题干问的是我们从第五段所举的例子中可以学到什么。根据第五段所举的例子"theexperienceofwalkingalongtheedgeofwatermightbesatisfying...afountainontheirlunchbreak"可知,年轻的职业人士周末可以在公园徒步旅行,周内可以沿着喷泉散步,用不同的形式去体验自然,即同样的与自然的互动体验会有不同的表现形式。故C项正确。4.B理解具体信息题干问的是在我们与大自然互动之前,我们应该做些什么。根据最后一段Kahn的话"Andforthattohappen,wealsoneedtoprotectnaturesothatwecaninteractwithit"(为了实现这一点,我们还需要保护自然,以便与之互动)可知,我们在与大自然互动以前需要保护自然,故B项正确。【二次精读】
核心单词:accessn.通道,通路,入径;(使用或见到的)机会,权利submissionn.提交(或呈递)的文件、建议等;(向法官提出的)看法,意见establishedadj.已确立的,已获确认的,确定的domesticadj.本国的,国内的;家用的;享受家庭乐趣的generatevt.产生,引起核心短语:focuson专注于,关注takepartin参加,参与熟词生义:balloon常用义:n.气球,热气球
文章义:vi.(突然)膨胀,涨大Thesheetflappedandballoonedinthewind.被单在风中飘动,被吹得鼓鼓的。难句分析:Namingeachnatureexperiencecreatesausablelanguage,whichhelpspeoplerecognizeandtake
动词-ing形式作主语which引导的非限制性定语从句partintheactivities(thataremostsatisfyingandmeaningfultothem).
that引导的限制性定语从句译文:命名每一种自然体验都会创造出一种可用的语言,这种语言帮助人们识别并参与对他们来说非常满意、非常有意义的活动。Passage3话题:降低太阳能电池板对环境的影响主题语境:人与自然词数:约320
难度:★★★★★环保与农业[2023年1月浙江卷·D]AccordingtotheSolarEnergyIndustriesAssociation,thenumberofsolarpanelsinstalled(安装)hasgrownrapidlyinthepastdecade,andithastogrowevenfastertomeetclimategoals.Butallofthatgrowthwilltakeupalotofspace,andthoughmoreandmorepeopleaccepttheconceptofsolarenergy,fewlikelargesolarpanelstobeinstallednearthem.Solardeveloperswanttoputuppanelsasquicklyandcheaplyaspossible,sotheyhaven’tgivenmuchthoughttowhattheyputunderthem.Often,they’llendupfillingtheareawithsmallstonesandusingchemicalstocontrolweeds.Theresultisthatmanycommunities,especiallyinfarmingregions,seesolarfarmsasdestroyersofthesoil."Solarprojectsneedtobegoodneighbors,"saysJordanMacknick,theheadoftheInnovativeSitePreparationandImpactReductionsontheEnvironment(InSPIRE)project."Theyneedtobeprotectorsofthelandandcontributetotheagriculturaleconomy."InSPIREisinvestigatingpracticalapproachesto"low-impact"solardevelopment,whichfocusesonestablishingandoperatingsolarfarmsinawaythatiskindertotheland.Oneoftheeasiestlow-impactsolarstrategiesisprovidinghabitatforpollinators(传粉昆虫).Habitatloss,pesticideuse,andclimatechangehavecauseddramaticdeclinesinpollinatorpopulationsoverthepastcoupleofdecades,whichhasdamagedtheU.S.agriculturaleconomy.Over28stateshavepassedlawsrelatedtopollinatorhabitatprotectionandpesticideuse.Conservationorganizationsputoutpollinator-friendlinessguidelinesforhomegardens,businesses,schools,cities—andnowthereareguidelinesforsolarfarms.Overthepastfewyears,manysolarfarmdevelopershavetransformedthespaceundertheirsolarpanelsintoashelterforvariouskindsofpollinators,resultinginsoilimprovementandcarbonreduction."Thesepollinator-friendlysolarfarmscanhaveavaluableimpactoneverythingthat’sgoingoninthelandscape,"saysMacknick.1.Whatdosolardevelopersoftenignore?A.Thedeclineinthedemandforsolarenergy. B.Thenegativeimpactofinstallingsolarpanels.C.Therisinglaborcostofbuildingsolarfarms. D.Themostrecentadvancesinsolartechnology.2.WhatdoesInSPIREaimtodo?A.Improvetheproductivityoflocalfarms.
B.Inventnewmethodsforcontrollingweeds.C.Makesolarprojectsenvironmentallyfriendly. D.Promotetheuseofsolarenergyinruralareas.3.Whatisthepurposeofthelawsmentionedinparagraph4?A.Toconservepollinators.
B.Torestrictsolardevelopment.C.Todiversifytheeconomy.
D.Toensurethesupplyofenergy.4.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthetext?A.Pollinators:ToLeaveortoStay
B.SolarEnergy:HopefortheFutureC.InSPIRE:ALeaderinAgriculture
D.SolarFarms:ANewDevelopment【解析】
随着太阳能的普及,越来越多的太阳能电池板被安装在各个社区,这不可避免地给环境,尤其是农业环境,带来消极影响。1.B理解具体信息根据第二段内容可知,太阳能开发者们想要尽可能快速和廉价地安装太阳能电池板,所以他们不太考虑如何处理电池板下的环境。他们往往会在下面放一些碎石,而且用除草剂除草,这给环境带来了破坏。所以B项"安装太阳能电池板的消极影响"符合题意。2.C理解具体信息根据第三段中的"InSPIREisinvestigating...totheland"可知,InSPIRE项目正在寻求对环境影响小的发展太阳能的方式,力求做到"对土地友好"。所以C项"使太阳能项目环保"符合题意。3.A理解具体信息
明题意:本题问"第四段中提到的法律的目的是什么?"→做推断:根据第四段第二句可知,有超过28个州通过了与传粉昆虫栖息地保护和杀虫剂使用有关的法律→定答案:所以A项"保护传粉昆虫"符合题意。4.D理解主旨要义(标题判断)文章第一、二段主要指出目前存在的问题:太阳能电池板对环境尤其是农业环境的消极影响。第三段给出了解决方案:建立和经营对土地更友好的太阳能农场。第四、五段介绍了传粉昆虫友好型太阳能农场建设的积极影响。所以纵观全文,关键词应该是solarfarms,所以D项是最佳选项。【易错点拨】
A项是比较容易误选的干扰项,因为文章后半部分有很大篇幅专注于pollinators。但是从全文的角度看,pollinators是solarfarms这个关键词下的次要关键词,不足以统领全文。Passage4话题:减少食物浪费主题语境:人与自然词数:约340
难度:★★★★☆[2022新高考Ⅰ卷·B]Likemostofus,Itrytobemindfuloffoodthatgoestowaste.Thearugula(芝麻菜)wastomakeanicegreensalad,roundingoutaroastchickendinner.ButIendedupworkinglate.Thenfriendscalledwithadinnerinvitation.Istuckthechickeninthefreezer.Butasdayspassed,thearugulawentbad.Evenworse,Ihadunthinkinglyboughtwaytoomuch;IcouldhavemadesixsaladswithwhatIthrewout.Inaworldwherenearly800millionpeopleayeargohungry,"foodwastegoesagainstthemoralgrain,"asElizabethRoytewritesinthismonth’scoverstory.It’sjaw-droppinghowmuchperfectlygoodfoodisthrownaway—from"ugly"(butquiteeatable)vegetablesrejectedbygrocerstolargeamountsofuneatendishesthrownintorestaurantgarbagecans.Producingfoodthatnooneeatswastesthewater,fuel,andotherresourcesusedtogrowit.Thatmakesfoodwasteanenvironmentalproblem.Infact,Roytewrites,"iffoodwastewereacountry,itwouldbethethirdlargestproducerofgreenhousegasesintheworld."Ifthat’shardtounderstand,let’skeepitassimpleasthearugulaatthebackofmyrefrigerator.MikeCurtinseesmyarugulastoryallthetime—butforhim,it’smorelike12boxesofdonatedstrawberriesnearingtheirlastdays.CurtinisCEOofDCCentralKitcheninWashington,D.C.,whichrecoversfoodandturnsitintohealthymeals.Lastyearitrecoveredmorethan807,500poundsoffoodbytakingdonationsandcollectingblemished(有瑕疵的)producethatotherwisewouldhaverottedinfields.Andthestrawberries?Volunteerswillwash,cut,andfreezeordrythemforuseinmealsdowntheroad.Suchmethodsseemobvious,yetsooftenwejustdon’tthink."Everyonecanplayapartinreducingwaste,whetherbynotpurchasingmorefoodthannecessaryinyourweeklyshoppingorbyaskingrestaurantstonotincludethesidedishyouwon’teat,"Curtinsays.1.Whatdoestheauthorwanttoshowbytellingthearugulastory?A.Wepaylittleattentiontofoodwaste. B.Wewastefoodunintentionallyattimes.C.Wewastemorevegetablesthanmeat. D.Wehavegoodreasonsforwastingfood.2.Whatisaconsequenceoffoodwasteaccordingtothetext?A.Moraldecline.
B.Environmentalharm.C.Energyshortage.
D.Worldwidestarvation.3.WhatdoesCurtin’scompanydo?A.Itproduceskitchenequipment.
B.Itturnsrottenarugulaintocleanfuel.C.Ithelpslocalfarmersgrowfruits.
D.Itmakesmealsoutofunwantedfood.4.WhatdoesCurtinsuggestpeopledo?A.Buyonlywhatisneeded.
B.Reducefoodconsumption.C.Goshoppingonceaweek.
D.Eatinrestaurantslessoften.【解析】
在每年有近8亿人挨饿的世界上,"食物浪费违背了道德准则"。令人瞠目结舌的是,很多很好的食物被扔掉了——从"丑陋"(但还可以吃)的被食品杂货店店主丢弃的蔬菜,到大量没食用就被扔进餐馆垃圾桶的菜肴。作者用种种事例呼吁人们不要浪费食物。1.B推断题干问的是"作者想要通过讲芝麻菜的故事表达什么?"。根据题干可将解题信息定位于文章的第一段。根据第一段的最后一句可知,更糟糕的是,作者不假思索地买了太多;作者本可以用扔掉的芝麻菜做六份沙拉。由此可推知,我们有时会无意中浪费食物。故选B项。2.B理解具体信息题干问的是"根据文本内容,食物浪费的一个后果是什么?"。根据题干可将解题信息定位于文章的第三段。根据第三段第一句可知,生产没人吃的食物会浪费种植食物所消耗的水、燃料和其他资源,这使得食物浪费成为一个环境问题。由此可知,食物浪费的一个后果是环境危害。故选B项。3.D理解具体信息题干问的是"Curtin的公司是做什么的?"。根据题干可将解题信息定位于文章的第四段。根据第四段中的"CurtinisCEO...rottedinfields"可知,该公司回收食物并将其转变为健康食物。去年它通过接受捐赠和收集有瑕疵的农产品,回收了超过807500磅的食物,否则这些农产品会在地里腐烂。由此可知,Curtin的公司把一些人们不需要的食物变成可以吃的健康食物。故选D项。4.A理解具体信息题干问的是"Curtin建议人们做什么?"。根据题干可将解题信息定位于文章的最后一段。根据最后一段中Curtin说的话可知,Curtin建议人们通过仅购买所需食品,以及要求餐馆不提供顾客不吃的配菜来减少食物浪费。故选A项。【二次精读】
核心单词:mindfuladj.留心的;记住的;警觉的rejectv.拒绝
rotv.腐烂核心短语:roundout完成endupdoingsth.以……而告终throwout扔掉turnsth.intosth.将某物转变为某物词缀变形:donatev.捐赠→donationn.捐赠物难句分析:Producingfoodthatnooneeatswastesthewater,fuel,andotherresourcesusedtogrowit.分析:Producingfood是动名词短语作主语,thatnooneeats是that引导的定语从句,that在从句中作宾语,过去分词短语usedtogrowit是thewater,fuel,andotherresources的后置定语。译文:生产没人吃的食物会浪费种植食物所消耗的水、燃料和其他资源。Passage5话题:照顾两只幼虎主题语境:人与自然词数:约315
难度:★★★☆☆[2021新高考Ⅱ卷·B]IhaveworkedasakeeperattheNationalZoofor11years.SpotandStripearethefirsttigercubs(幼兽)thathaveeverbeenbornhere.Globally,athirdofSumatrancubsinzoosdon’tmakeittoadulthood,soIdecidedtogivethemround-the-clockcareathome.I’vegottwochildren—theyoungerone,Kynan,wasextremelyhappyaboutthetigersarriving—butallofusreallylookedforwardtobeingpartoftheirlivesandwatchingthemgrow.Iwasn’tworriedaboutbringingthemintomyhomewithmywifeandkids.Thesewerecubs.Theyweighedabout2.5kgandweresosmallthattherewasabsolutelynorisk.Astheygrewmoremobile,weletthemmovefreelyaroundthehouseduringtheday,butwhenwewereasleepwehadtocontaintheminalargeroom,otherwisethey’dgetuptomischief.We’dcomedowninthemorningtofindthey’dturnedtheroomupsidedown,andleftitlookinglikeazoo.
Thingsquicklygotveryintenseduetothehugeamountofenergyrequiredtolookafterthem.ThereweresometoughtimesandIjustfeltextremelytired.Iwasgratefulthatmyfamilywastheretohelp.Wehadtohaveabitofaproductionlinegoing,makingup"tigermilk",washingbabybottles,andcleaningthefloors.WhenSpotandStripewerefourmonthsold,theywerelearninghowtoopendoorsandjumpfences,andweknewitreallywastimeforthemtogo.Itwashardforustofinallypartwiththem.Forthefirstfewdays,Kynanwasalwaysabitdisappointedthatthecubsweren’tthere.I’mnotsadaboutit.I’mhands-onwiththemeverydayatthezoo,andIdolookbackveryfondlyonthetimethatwehadthem.1.Whydidtheauthorbringthetigercubshome?A.Toensuretheirsurvival. B.Toobservetheirdifferences.C.Toteachthemlifeskills. D.Toletthemplaywithhiskids.2.Whatdotheunderlinedwords"getuptomischief"meaninparagraph3?A.Behavebadly.
B.Losetheirway.C.Sleepsoundly.
D.Misstheirmom.3.Whatdidtheauthorthinkofraisingthetigercubsathome?A.Boring.
B.Tiring.
C.Costly.
D.Risky.4.WhydidtheauthordecidetosendSpotandStripebacktothezoo?A.Theyfrightenedthechildren. B.Theybecamedifficulttocontain.C.Theyannoyedtheneighbours D.Theystartedfightingeachother.【解析】
作者是动物园的饲养员。由于在动物园出生的幼虎死亡率太高,作者决定把两只幼虎带回家看养,全家齐上阵照顾这两只幼虎。幼虎四个月大的时候不再适合圈养了,作者不得不把它们送回动物园。1.A理解具体信息根据第一段中的"Globally,athirdofSumatran...careathome"可知,在动物园出生的苏门答腊幼虎死亡率太高,所以作者才把两只幼虎带回家照顾,从而确保它们存活。故A项正确。2.A理解词汇根据第三段尾句可知,这两只幼虎很顽皮,把房间搞得天翻地覆。由此可推知,作者一家人睡觉的时候会把两只幼虎放在大房间里,否则,它们会捣乱。故A项正确。B项"迷路";C项"酣睡";D项"思念妈妈"。3.B理解具体信息根据第四段中的"Therewere...extremelytired"可知,作者认为看养幼虎是令人疲惫的。故B项正确。4.B推断根据第三段和第五段的内容可知,当这两只幼虎长到4个月大时,它们学会了开门和翻篱笆。由此可推知,很难再把它们圈养起来,所以作者决定把它们送回动物园。故B项正确。Passage6话题:用废旧塑料做雕塑主题语境:人与自然词数:约275
难度:★★★★☆重视生态环保[2021全国乙卷·C]You’veheardthatplasticispollutingtheoceans—between4.8and12.7milliontonnesenteroceanecosystemseveryyear.Butdoesoneplasticstraworcupreallymakeadifference?ArtistBenjaminVonWongwantsyoutoknowthatitdoes.Hebuildsmassivesculpturesoutofplasticgarbage,forcingviewerstore-examinetheirrelationshiptosingle-useplasticproducts.Atthebeginningoftheyear,theartistbuiltapiececalled"Strawpocalypse,"apairof10-foot-tallplasticwaves,frozenmid-crash.Madeof168,000plasticstrawscollectedfromseveralvolunteerbeachcleanups,thesculpturemadeitsfirstappearanceattheEstellaPlaceshoppingcenterinHoChiMinhCity,Vietnam.Just9%ofglobalplasticwasteisrecycled.Plasticstrawsarebynomeansthebiggestsource(来源)ofplasticpollution,butthey’verecentlycomeunderfirebecausemostpeopledon’tneedthemtodrinkwithand,becauseoftheirsmallsizeandweight,theycannotberecycled.Everystrawthat’spartofVonWong’sartworklikelycamefromadrinkthatsomeoneusedforonlyafewminutes.Oncethedrinkisgone,thestrawwilltakecenturiestodisappear.Inapiecefrom2018,VonWongwantedtoillustrate(说明)aspecificstatistic:Every60seconds,atruckload’sworthofplasticenterstheocean.Forthiswork,titled"TruckloadofPlastic,"VonWongandagroupofvolunteerscollectedmorethan10,000piecesofplastic,whichwerethentiedtogethertolooklikethey’dbeendumped(倾倒)fromatruckallatonce.VonWonghopesthathisworkwillalsohelppressurebigcompaniestoreducetheirplasticfootprint.1.WhatareVonWong’sartworksintendedfor?A.Beautifyingthecityhelivesin. B.Introducingeco-friendlyproducts.C.Drawingpublicattentiontoplasticwaste. D.Reducinggarbageonthebeach.2.Whydoestheauthordiscussplasticstrawsinparagraph3?A.Toshowthedifficultyoftheirrecycling. B.Toexplainwhytheyareuseful.C.Tovoicehisv
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