2025版高考英语一轮复习真题精练专题四语法填空热考主题3社会热点课件

热考主题3社会热点

Cloze1话题：体重指数升高主题语境：人与社会词数：约195

难度：★★★★☆[2021年1月浙江卷]Inastudyof33yearsoftrendsinBodyMassIndex(体重指数)across200countries,thescientistsfoundthatpeopleworldwidearegettingheavier1thatmostoftheriseisduetogainsinBMIinruralareas.

BMIisaninternationallyrecognizedmeasurementtool2givesanindicationofwhethersomeoneisahealthyweight.Itiscalculatedbydividinga3(person)weightinkgbytheirheightinmeterssquared,andaBMIofbetween19and254(consider)healthy.

Thestudyfoundthatbetween1985and2017,averageruralBMIincreased52.1inwomenandmen.Incities,however,thegain6(be)1.3inwomenand1.6inmen.Theresearchersdescribed"strikingchanges"inthegeographyofBMI.In1985,urbanmenandwomeninmorethanthreequartersofthecountries7(study)hadhigherBMIsthanmenandwomeninruralareas.But30yearslater,theBMIdifferencebetweenurbanandruralpeopleinmanycountrieshadnarrowed8(sharp).

Thismaybeduetosomedisadvantagesforpeople9(live)inthecountryside,including10(low)levelsofincomeandeducation,highercostsofhealthyfoods,andfewersportsfacilities.

【解析】一项研究发现，世界各地的人们体重增加了，这一增长主要是因为乡村居民体重指数升高了。1.and并列连词分析句子结构可知，此处应用and连接两个并列的宾语从句，作found的宾语。2.that/which定语从句分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句，先行词是tool，关系词在从句中作主语，故用that/which。3.person’s名词所有格空前是a，空后是名词weight，此处表示"一个人的体重"，故用所给词的所有格形式。4.isconsidered时态、语态和主谓一致此处表述现在的客观情况，故用一般现在时；主语aBMI表示单数意义，与consider之间是被动关系，故用isconsidered。5.by介词此处表示升高的幅度，故用介词by。6.was时态根据前面所用的一般过去时可知，此处同样也在描述过去的情况，故用一般过去时。7.studied非谓语动词句中已经有谓语动词had了，故本空是非谓语动词作后置定语。study"研究"与被修饰词countries是逻辑上的动宾关系，故用过去分词。8.sharply副词空处修饰动词，故用副词sharply"急剧地，大幅度地"。9.living非谓语动词分析句子结构可知，空处作定语修饰people，live与people是逻辑上的主谓关系，故用现在分词作定语。10.lower形容词的比较级根据后面的"higher""fewer"可知，此处也用形容词比较级，故填lower。Cloze2话题：图书《数码世界》主题语境：人与社会词数：约180

难度：★★★★☆[2020新高考Ⅱ卷]Thesedays,itisnotunusualfor10-to12-year-oldstopublishtheirownwebsitesorforsecondandthirdgraders1(begin)computerclasses.Atthesametime,computergamesarebecomingincreasinglypopularasmajorpublishinghousescontinuetodevelop2(education)computerprogramsforchildreninpreschool.Also,technologicalknow-howhasbecomea3____________(require)formostjobsinanincreasinglydigitalworld,asthecomputerhasbecomeacommontoolinmost4(profession).

TheDigitalWorldisasetofvolumes5aimtodescribehowdigitalsystemsinfluencesocietyandhelpreadersunderstandthenatureofdigitalsystemsandtheirmanyinteractingparts.Eachvolumeinthesetexplores6widerangeofmaterials,explainsthebasicconceptsofmajorapplicationsofdigitalsystems,7discussestheinfluencestheyhaveoneverydaylife.Becausethenumberofpossibletopics8(be)practicallylimitless,wefocusonasampleofthemostinterestingandusefulapplicationsandtoolsandexplainthebasicprinciplesoftechnology.Readers9____________(encourage)tocontinueexploringthedigitalworldwiththeguidanceof10(we)FurtherResourcessectionfeaturedineachvolume.

【解析】近年来电脑教育越来越低龄化，《数码世界》旨在展现数码系统对社会的影响，帮助读者了解数码系统的本质和它们之间相互影响的部分。1.tobegin非谓语动词分析句子结构可知，此处考查"itis+形容词+forsb.+todosth."，所以空处应该填tobegin。2.educational词形转换分析句子结构可知，此处修饰空后的名词短语computerprograms，需要用形容词，所以空处应该填educational。3.requirement词形转换根据空前的a和空后的for可知，空处需要一个名词，所以填requirement。4.professions名词复数profession表示"行业，职业"，是一个可数名词，根据空前的most可知，空处需要用名词复数，所以应该填professions。5.that/which关系词分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句，先行词为表示物的名词短语asetofvolumes，关系词在从句中充当主语，所以关系词用that/which。6.a冠词awiderangeof为固定表达，意为"广泛的，大范围的"，所以空处填a。7.and连词分析句子结构可知，本句的谓语动词explores，explains和discusses是并列的，所以空处应该填并列连词and。8.is时态和主谓一致根据语境可知，此处时态应该为一般现在时；短语thenumberof...作主语时，谓语动词应该用单数，所以空处填is。9.areencouraged时态、语态和主谓一致分析句子结构可知，空处在句中作谓语。根据整篇文章的时态可知，本句需要用一般现在时；再根据句意"读者被鼓励去继续探索数字世界"可知，用被动语态；主语Readers为复数，所以填areencouraged。10.our人称代词分析句子结构可知，空处修饰后面的名词短语FurtherResourcessection，需要用形容词性物主代词，所以填our。Cloze3话题："嫦娥四号"登月主题语境：人与社会词数：约195

难度：★★★★☆[2020全国Ⅰ卷]Chinahasbecomethefirstcountrytolandaspacecraftonthefarsideofthemoon.TheunmannedChang’e-4probe(探测器)—thenamewasinspiredbyanancientChinesemoongoddess—1____________(touch)downlastweekintheSouthPole-Aitkenbasin.Landingonthemoon’sfarsideis2____________(extreme)challenging.Becausethemoon’sbodyblocksdirectradiocommunicationwithaprobe,Chinafirsthadtoputasatelliteinorbitabovethemooninaspot3itcouldsendsignalstothespacecraftandtoEarth.Thefarsideofthemoonisofparticular4(interesting)toscientistsbecauseithasalotofdeepcraters(环形山),moreso5thefamiliarnearside.ChineseresearchershopetousetheinstrumentsonboardChang’e-46(find)andstudyareasoftheSouthPole-Aitkenbasin."Thisreallyexcitesscientists,"CarlePieters,ascientistatBrownUniversity,says,"becauseit7(mean)wehavethechancetoobtaininformationabouthowthemoon8____________(construct)."Dataaboutthemoon’scomposition,suchashow9iceandothertreasuresitcontains,couldhelpChinadecidewhether10(it)plansforafuturelunar(月球的)basearepractical.

【解析】中国是第一个登上月球背面的国家。1.touched动词时态句中有时间状语lastweek，故用一般过去时。2.extremely形容词变副词副词extremely修饰后面的形容词challenging。3.where定语从句先行词是spot，后跟定语从句，关系词在从句中作地点状语，故用关系副词where。4.interest名词句中含有"be+of+名词"结构，beofparticularinterest=beparticularlyinteresting，故填名词interest。【知识拓展】

英语中的"be+of+名词"结构相当于"be+形容词"，描述主语的特征或性质。常用于这个结构的名词有benefit，importance，interest，help，use，significance，value等。5.than连词本句中含有more，空格后为比较对象，因此本空应填than。6.tofind非谓语动词句中的动词不定式短语tofindandstudyareasoftheSouthPole-Aitkenbasin作状语，表目的。7.means时态和主谓一致根据上下文时态可知，本句也应用一般现在时，主语是it，故谓语动词用means。8.isconstructed时态和语态此处表示"月球是如何构成的"，应用被动语态，且此处描述的是客观情况，故填isconstructed。construct"建造，构建"。9.much固定用法howmuch"多少"，修饰不可数名词。10.its代词此处表示"它的计划"，故用形容词性物主代词its。Cloze4话题：世界老龄化现象主题语境：人与社会词数：约200

难度：★★★★☆国际视野[2020年1月浙江卷]Somethingsignificantishappeningtotheworldpopulation—itisaging.Themedian(中位数的)ageofanAmericanin19501(be)30—todayitis41andisexpected2____________(increase)to42by2050.ForJapan,the3(number)aremorestriking—22in1950,46todayand53in2050.In2015,onein12peoplearoundtheworldwereover65;by2050,itwillbeoneinsix.

Thisagingofthepopulationisdriven4twofactors.Thefirstisdecliningbirthrates,whichmeansoldgenerationsarelarge5(compare)toyoungergenerations,andso,onaverage,thepopulationbecomes6(old)thanbefore.Thisis7(particular)trueintheUS.Thesecondreasonisthatpeoplearelivinglonger.AchildbornintheUStodayhas8veryrealisticchanceoflivingbeyond100andneedstoplanaccordingly.

Peopletendtofocusonthefirstfactor.However,greaterattentionshould9(place)onlongevity(长寿).Itisn’tjustthatpeopleare,onaverage,livinglonger.It’salsothattheyareonaveragehealthier10moreproductiveforlon