考研英语教育类阅读理解

考研英语教育类阅读理解考研英语教育类阅读理解PassthechalkNothelpfulBACKin1922,ThomasEdisonpredictedthat"themotionpictureisdestinedtorevolutionizeoureducationalsystemand...inafewyearsitwillsupplantlargely,ifnotentirely,theuseoftextbooks."Well,weallmakemistakes.ButatleastEdisondidnotsquandervastquantitiesofpublicmoneyoninstallingcinemascreensinschoolsaroundthecountry.Withcomputers,thestoryhasbeendifferent.Manygovernmentshavepackedthemintoschools,convincedthattheirpresencewouldimprovethepaceandefficiencyoflearning.Largenumbersofstudies,somemoreacademicallyrespectablethanothers,havepurportedtoshowthatcomputershelpchildrentolearn.Now,however,astudythatcomparesclasseswithcomputersagainstsimilarclasseswithoutthemcastsdoubtonthatview.InthecurrentEconomicJournal,JoshuaAngristoftheMassachusettsInstituteofTechnologyandVictorLavyoftheHebrewUniversityofJerusalemlookataschemewhichputcomputersintomanyofIsraelsprimaryandmiddleschoolsinthemid-1990s.DrAngristandDrLavycomparethetestscoresformathsandHebrewachievedbychildreninthefourthandeighthgrades(ie,agedaboutnineand13)inschoolswithandwithoutcomputers.Theyalsoaskedtheclassesteachershowtheyusedvariousteachingmaterials,suchasXeroxedworksheetsand,ofcourse,computerprograms.TheresearchersfoundthattheIsraelischemehadmuchlesseffectonteachingmethodsinmiddleschoolsthaninelementaryschools.Italsofoundnoevidencethattheuseofcomputersimprovedchildrenstestscores.Infact,itfoundthereverse.Inthecaseofthemathsscoresoffourth-graders,therewasaconsistentlynegativerelationshipbetweencomputeruseandtestscores.Theauthorsofferthreepossibleexplanationsofwhythismightbe.First,theintroductionofcomputersintoclassroomsmighthavegobbledupcashthatwouldotherwisehavepaidforotheraspectsofeducation.Butthatisunlikelyinthiscasesincethemoneyfortheprogrammecamefromthenationallottery,andthestudyfoundnosignificantchangeinteachingresources,methodsortraininginschoolsthatacquiredcomputersthroughthescheme.Asecondpossibilityisthatthetransitiontousingcomputersininstructiontakestimetohaveaneffect.Maybe,saytheauthors,buttheschoolssurveyedhadbeenusingtheschemescomputersforafullschoolyear.Thatwasenoughforthenewcomputerstohavehadalarge(andapparentlymalign)influenceonfourth-grademathsscores.Thethirdexplanationisthesimplest:thattheuseofcomputersinteachingisnobetter(andperhapsworse)thanotherteachingmethods.Thebottomline,saysDrAngrist,isthat"thecostsareclear-cutandthebenefitsaremurky."Theburdenofproofnowlieswiththepromotersofclassroomcomputers.Andtheonlyreliablewaytomaketheircaseis,surely,toconductaproperstudy,withchildrenrandomlyallocatedtoteacherswhousecomputersandteacherswhouseothermethods,includingthecheapestofall:chalkandtalk.Economist;10/26/2002,Vol.365Issue8296,p74,2p,1c考研英语教育类阅读理解Passthechalk练习题注(1)：*选自Economist;10/26/2002,p74;注(2)：*习题命题模仿对象是1999年真题text4(1,2,3,4)和text1第4题(第5题);1.Wecanlearnfromthefirstparagraphthat__________________.[A]motionpicturehasrevolutionizededucationsystem[B]Edisonspredictionhasbeenprovedwrong[C]Edisonencouragedschoolstoinstallcinemascreens[D]schoolsarecautiousaboutEdisonsidea2.Dr.AngristandDr.Lavyhavedonethefollowingexcept_______________.[A]comparingthetestscoresofstudentsindifferentagegroups[B]interviewingteachersabouttheirteachingmethods[C]launchingthecomputerprograminmanyIsraelischools[D]explainingstudentsschoolperformance3.AccordingtoDr.AngristandDr.Lavy,intheIsraelischeme,studentsdidntmakeimprovementintheirtestscoresbecause______________.[A]otheraspectsofeducationwereaffectedduetocashshortage[B]itwasnotlongenoughfortheprogramtotakeeffect[C]therewasanegativerelationshipbetweencomputeruseandtestscores[D]theuseofcomputerwasnobetterthanotherteachingmethods4.Itcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraphthat________________.[A]therehasntbeenaproperstudyonthisissueyet[B]schoolauthoritiesshouldprovideprooftosupportthecomputerprogram[C]installingcomputersinschoolscoststoomuch,buthaslittleornoeffect[D]chalkandtalkworkbetterthancomputerinteaching5.Theauthorsattitudetowardsgovernmentspackingcomputersinschoolsseemstobe___________________.[A]biased[B]indifferent[C]disapproving[D]puzzling答案：BCDAC考研英语教育类阅读理解Passthechalk解析篇章剖析：*为说明文，采用新闻报道体，在第一段以爱迪生所作的错误预测开始，将其与第二段中学校期望通过将电脑引入课堂来改进教学的想法进行对照，引入话题，指出学校的上述想法未必正确。第三段叙述了两位研究人员对以色列在1990年代中期将电脑引入中小学课堂所带来的教学效果的研究，以此说明电脑未必如人们所期望的那样促进课堂学习。第四段，第五段，第六段分别引述了研究人员的解释，并逐一进行分析，最后得出结论：要证明电脑有助于教学，必须进行正确的研究。词汇注释：supplant[sE5plB:nt]v.取代，代替(另一个)squander[5skwRndE(r)]v.挥霍或浪费;放荡地花掉purport[pE5pC:t]v.声称Hebrew[5hi:bru:]n.以色列语;希伯来人Xeroxv.复印reverse[rI5v\:s]n.相反，颠倒：相反的事物或相反的方面gobble[5^Rb(E)l]v.吞并;贪婪地攫取transition[trAn5sIF(E)n,trB:-]n.转变,转换malign[mE5laIn]adj.有害的：具不良影响的;有害的thebottomline要点或关键之处;结果，结局：最后结果或声明randomlyadv.任意地,随便地,allocate[5AlEkeIt]v.分派,分配难句突破1.First,theintroductionofcomputersintoclassroomsmighthavegobbledupcashthatwouldotherwisehavepaidforotheraspectsofeducation.主体句式：theintroductionmighthavegobbledupcash结构分析：本句是一个主从复合句，主句中的mighthavegobbledup表示对过去事实的猜测，that引导一个定语从句，限定修饰cash，其中从句中的otherwise常常用来引出虚拟语气，表示“要不然;在另一种情况下”。例如：OtherwiseImighthavehelpedyou.要不然我就帮你了。句子译文：第一，将电脑引入课堂可能会占用本应用于其它教育方面的资金。2.Andtheonlyreliablewaytomaketheircaseis,surely,toconductaproperstudy,withchildrenrandomlyallocatedtoteacherswhousecomputersandteacherswhouseothermethods,includingthecheapestofall:chalkandtalk.主体句式：thewayistoconductastudy结构分析：本句是一个复杂长句，不但涉及主从句，还涉及不定式，分词和介词短语。第一个不定式tomaketheircase作定语修饰way，第二个不定式作表语;with引导的介词短语往往可以是“介词+复合宾语”的形式，其中复合宾语可以由现在分词或者过去分词来充当，由它和介词宾语之间的逻辑关系决定，例如：withherhairflyinginthewind;withthepapertuckedunderhisarm等;who引导的定语从句修饰教师，分词including引导的短语限定修饰methods。句子译文：而他们所能采用的唯一可靠方法当然就是进行适当的研究，学生应该是随机分配给使用电脑教学的教师和使用其他方法教学的教师，包括最廉价的方法：粉笔和谈话。题目分析：1.答案是B，属事实细节题。文中第一段提到“weallmakemistakes”，说明爱迪生的预言是错误的。2.答案是C，属事实细节题。文中第三段和第四段分别提到两位研究人员comparetestscores;asktheclassesteachers和offerexplanations，但launchthecomputerprogram则是由以色列政府所为。3.答案是D，属事实细节题。从文中第四段，第五段里两位研究人员所给出的解释以及相应的分析可以看出，学生成绩没有提高主要是因为在教学中使用电脑并不比采用其他方法教学更好。4.答案是A，属推理判断题。作者在*第二段中指出，许多学术*都宣称使用电脑有助于课堂教学，但新的研究对这一说法提出了怀疑。在最后一段中，作者说要证明使用电脑有助于教学，就必须进行正确的研究。可见，作者对以前的研究方法提出了质疑。5.答案是C，属推理判断题。对政府在学校安装电脑一事，作者虽然没有明确提出反对，但字里行间都透出不赞成的态度。在第一段，作者以爱迪生的预言为例，说爱迪生至少没有浪费公共资金，言下之意就是当前发生的情况算得上是浪费公共资金的举动。在最后一段，作者引用研究人员的观点说明在学校安装电脑是成本清楚但收效模糊的事。并提出让支持使用电脑的人采用正确的方法对学校应不应该在教室安装电脑进行论证。可见作者对这一类问题持否定的态度。考研英语教育类阅读理解Passthechalk翻译参考译文：1922年的时候，托马斯爱迪生曾经预测说“电影必将革新我们的教育制度，…要不了几年，它就能取代大部分(即便不是全部的)教科书。”当然，人都会有出错的时候。不过至少在给全国各地的学校安装电影屏幕这件事上，爱迪生并没有浪费大笔公共资金。有了电脑，情况又不一样了。许多政府已经把电脑装