英语词汇学试题复习参考(分章节)

英语词汇学试题IntroductionandChapter1BasicConceptsofWordsandVocabulary（练习1）I．Eachofthestatementsbelowisfollowedbyfouralternativeanswers.Choosetheonethatwouldbestcompletethestatement.Morphologyisthebranchofgrammarwhichstudiesthestructureorformsofwords,primarilythroughtheuseof_________construct.A.wordB.formC.morphemeD.root2.________istraditionallyusedforthestudyoftheoriginsandhistoryoftheformandmeaningofwords.A.SemanticsB.LinguisticsC.EtymologyD.Stylistics3.ModernEnglishisderivedfromthelanguageofearly______tribes.A.GreekB.RomanC.ItalianD.Germanic4.Semanticsisthestudyofmeaningofdifferent_________levels:lexis,syntax,utterance,discourse,etc.A.linguisticB.grammaticalC.arbitraryD.semantic5.Stylisticsisthestudyofstyle.Itisconcernedwiththeuser’schoicesoflinguisticelementsinaparticular________forspecialeffectsA.situationB.contextC.timeD.place6.Lexicographyshareswithlexicologythesameproblems:theform,meaning,originsandusagesofwords,buttheyhavea_______difference.A.spellingB.semanticC.pronunciationD.pragmatic7.Terminologyconsistsof_______termsusedinparticulardisciplinesandacademicareas.A.technicalB.artisticC.differentD.academic8.__________referstothespecializedvocabulariesbywhichmembersofparticulararts,sciences,trades,andprofessionscommunicateamongthemselves.A.SlangB.JargonC.DialectalwordsD.Argot9._________belongstothesub-standardlanguage,acategorythatseemstostandbetweenthestandardgeneralwordsincludinginformalonesavailabletoeveryoneandin-groupwords.A.JargonB.ArgotC.DialectalwordsD.Slang10.Argotgenerallyreferstothejargonof_______.Itsuseisconfinedtothesub-culturalgroupsandoutsiderscanhardlyunderstandit.A.workersB.criminalsC.anypersonD.policeman11.________arewordsusedonlybyspeakersofthedialectinquestion.A.ArgotB.SlangC.JargonD.Dialectalwords12.Archaismsarewordsorformsthatwereoncein_________usebutarenowrestrictedonlytospecializedorlimiteduse.A.commonB.littleC.slightD.great13.Neologismsarenewly-createdwordsorexpressions,orwordsthathavetakenon______meanings.A.newB.oldC.badD.good14.Contentwordsdenoteclearnotionsandthusareknownas_________words.Theyincludenouns,verbs,adjectives,adverbsandnumerals.A.functionalB.notionalC.emptyD.formal15.Functionalwordsdonothavenotionsoftheirown.Therefore,theyarealsocalled_______words.Prepositions,conjunctions,auxiliariesandarticlesbelongtothiscategory.A.contentB.notionalC.emptyD.newII.Completethefollowingstatementswithproperwordsorexpressionsaccordingtothecoursebook.16.Lexicologyisabranchoflinguistics,inquiringintotheoriginsand_____ofwords.17.Englishlexicologyaimsatinvestigatingandstudyingthe______structuresofEnglishwordsandwordequivalents,theirsemantics,relations,_____development,formationand______.Englishlexicologyembracesotheracademicdisciplines,suchasmorphology,______,etymology,stylistics,________.Therearegenerallytwoapproachestothestudyofwords,namelysynchronicand_______.Languagestudyinvolvesthestudyofspeechsounds,grammarand_______.III.MatchthewordsorexpressionsinColumnAwiththoseinColumnBaccordingto1)basicwordstockandnonbasicvocabulary2)contentwordsandfunctionalwords3)nativewordsandborrowedwords4)characteristicsofthebasicwordstock.AB21.Stability()A.E-mail22.Collocbility()B.aught23.Jargon()C.por24.Argot()D.upon25.Notionalwords()E.hypo26.Neologisms()F.atheart27.Aliens()G.man28.Semantic-loans()H.dip29.Archaisms()I.fresh30.Emptywords()J.emirIV.Studythefollowingwordsorexpressionsandidentify1)characteristicsofthebasicwordstock2)typesofnonbasicvocabulary.31.dogcheap()32achangeofheart()33.can-opener()34.Roger()35.bottomline()36.penicillin()37.auld()38.futurology()39.brethren()40.take()V.Definethefollowingterms.41.word42.Denizens43.Aliens44.Translation-loans45.Semantic-loansVI.AnswerthefollowingQuestions46.Illustratetherelationshipbetweensoundandmeaning,soundandformwithexamples.47.Whatarethemaincharacteristicsofthebasicword-stock?Illustrateyourpointswithexamples.48.Givethetypesofnonbasicvocabularywithexamples.VII.Analyzeandcommentonthefollowing.49.Classifythefollowingwordsandpointoutthetypesofwordsaccordingtonotion.earth,cloud,run,walk,on,of,upon,be,frequently,the,five,but,a,never.50.GroupthefollowingborrowedwordsintoDenizens,Aliens,Translation-loans,Semantic-loans.Dream,pioneer,kowtow,bazaar,lama,master-piece,port,shirtKeytoExercises:1.A2.C3.D4.A5.B6.D7.A8.B9.D10.B11.D12.A13.A14.B15.C16.meanings17.morphological,historical,usages18.semantics,lexicography19.diachronic20.vocabulary21.G22.F23.E24.H25.C26.A27.J28.I29.B30.D31.thebasicwordstock;productivity32.thebasicwordstock;collocability33.thebasicwordstock;argot34.nonbasicwordstock;slang35.nonbasicwordstock;jargon36.nonbasicwordstock;terminology37.nonbasicwordstock;dialectalwords38.nonbasicwordstock,neologisms39.nonbasicwordstock;archaisms40.thebasicwordstock;polysemyV-----VI.(seethecoursebook)VII.49.Contentwords:earth,clould,run,walk,frequently,never,fiveFunctionalwords:on,of,upon,be,the,but,a.50.Denizens:port,shirt,Aliens:bazaar,kowtowTranslation-loans:lama,masterpieceSemantic-loans:dream,pioneerChapter2TheDevelopmentoftheEnglishVocabularyandChapter3WordFormationI(练习2)I.Eachofthestatementsbelowisfollowedbyfouralternativeanswers.Choosetheonethatwouldbestcompletethestatement.Itisassumedthattheworldhasapproximately3,000(someputit5,000)languages,whichcanbegroupedintothebasisofsimilaritiesintheirbasicwordstockandgrammar.A.500B.4000C.300D.2000TheprehistoricIndo-Europeanparentlanguageisthoughttobeahighly______language.A.inflectedB.derivedC.developedD.analyzedAfterthe_________,theGermanictribescalledAngles,Saxons,andJutescameingreatnumbers.A.GreeksB.IndiansC.RomansD.FrenchTheintroductionof________hadagreatimpactontheEnglishvocabulary.A.HinduismB.ChristianityC.BuddhismD.IslamismInthe9thcenturythelandwasinvadedagainbyNorwegianandDanishVikings.Withtheinvaders,many________wordscameintotheEnglishlanguage.A.GreekB.RomanC.CelticD.ScandinavianItisestimatedthatatleast______wordsofScandinavianoriginhavesurvivedinmodernEnglish.A.500B.800C.1000.D.900TheNormansinvadedEnglandfromFrancein1066.TheNormanConqueststartedacontinualflowof______wordsintoEnglish.A.FrenchB.GreekC.RomanD.LatinBytheendofthe_______century,Englishgraduallycamebackintotheschools,thelawcourts,andgovernmentandregainedsocialstatus.A.12thB.13thC.14thD.15thAsaresult,Celticmadeonlya________contributiontotheEnglishvocabulary.A.smallB.bigC.greatD.smaller10.TheBalto-SlaviccomprisessuchmodernlanguagesasPrussian,Lithuanian,Polish,Czech,Bulgarian,Slovenianand_______.A.GreekB.RomanC.IndianD.RussianIntheIndo-IranianwehavePersian,Bengali,Hindi,Romany,thelastthreeofwhicharederivedfromthedeadlanguage.A.SanskritB.LatinC.RomanD.GreekGreekisthemodernlanguagederivedfrom_______.A.LatinB.HellenicC.IndianD.GermanicThefiveRoamancelanguages,namely,Portuguese,Spanish,French,Italian,RomanianallbelongtotheItalicthroughanintermediatelanguagecalled_______.A.SanskritB.LatinC.CelticD.Anglo-SaxonThe________familyconsistsofthefourNorthernEuropeanLanguages:Norwegian,Icelandic,DanishandSwedish,whicharegenerallyknownasScandinavianlanguages.A.GermanicB.Indo-EuropeanC.AlbanianD.HellenicBytheendofthe_______century,virtuallyallofthepeoplewhoheldpoliticalorsocialpowerandmanyofthoseinpowerfulChurchpositionswereofNormanFrenchorigin.A.10thB.11thC.12thD.13thII.Completethefollowingstatementswithproperwordsorexpressionsaccordingtothecoursebook.NowpeoplegenerallyrefertoAnglo-Saxonas_______..IfwesaythatOldEnglishwasalanguageoffullendings,MiddleEnglishwasoneof______.ItcanbeconcludedthatEnglishhasevokedfromasyntheticlanguage(OldEnglish)tothepresent_____language.Thesurvivinglanguagesaccordinglyfallintoeightprincipalgroups,whichcanbegroupedintoanEasternset:Balto-Slavic,Indo-Iranian,ArmenianandAlbanian;aWesternset:Celtic,Italic,Hellenic,_______.ItisnecessarytosubdivideModernEnglishintoEarly(1500-1700)and_____ModernEnglish.III.MatchthewordsorexpressionsinColumnAwiththoseinColumnBaccordingto1)originofthewords2)historyoffEnglishdevelopment3)languagefamily.AB21.Celtic()A.politics22.religious()B.moon23.Scandinavian()C.Persian24.French()D.London25.OldEnglish()E.abbot26.Dutch()F.skirt27.MiddleEnglish()G.sunu28.ModernEnglish()H.lernen29.Germanicfamily()I.freight30.Sanskrit()J.NorwegianStudythefollowingwordsorexpressionsandidentifytypesofmorphemesunderlined.31.earth()32.contradict()33.predictor()34.radios()35.prewar()36.happiest()37.antecedent()38.northward()38.sun()40.diction()V.Definethefollowingterms.41.freemorphemes42.boundmorphemes43.root44.stem45.affixesVI.Answerthefollowingquestions.Youranswersshouldbeclearandshort.46.DescribethecharacteristicsofOldEnglish.47.DescribethecharacteristicsofMiddleEnglish.48.DescribethecharacteristicsofModernEnglish.VII.Answerthefollowingquestionswithexamples.49.Whatarethethreemainsourcesofnewwords?50.HowdoesthemodernEnglishvocabularydevelop?Keytoexercises:1.C2.A3.C4.B5.D6.D7.A8.B9.A10.D11.A12.B13.B14.A15.B16.OldEnglish17.Leveledendings18.analytic19.Germanic20.Late(1700-uptothepresent)21.D22.E23.F24.A25.G26.I27.H28.B29.J30.C31.freemorpheme/freeroot32.boundroot33.suffix34.inflectionalaffix35.prefix36.Inflectionalaffix37.prefix38.suffix39.freemorpheme/freeroot40.boundrootV.-VI(Seethecoursebook)VII.49.Thethreemainsourcesofnewwordsare:Therapiddevelopmentofmodernscienceandtechnology,e.g.astrobiology,greenrevolution;Social,economicandpoliticalchanges;e.g.Watergate,soymilk;Theinfluenceofotherculturesandlanguage;e.g.felafel,NehruJackets.50.ModernEnglishvocabularydevelopsthroughthreechannels:(1)creation,e.g.consideration,carefulness;(2)semanticchange,e.g.Polysemy,homonymy;(3)borrowing;e.g.tofu,gongful.Chapter3TheDevelopmentoftheEnglishVocabularyandChapter4WordFormationII（练习3）I．Eachofthestatementsbelowisfollowedbyfouralternativeanswers.Choosetheonethatwouldbestcompletethestatement.Theprefixesinthewordsofirresistible,nonclassicalandapoliticalarecalled_______.reversativeprefixesB.negativeprefixesC.pejorativeprefixesD.locativeprefixesTheprefixescontainedinthefollowingwordsarecalled______:pseudo-friend,malpractice,mistrust.A.reversativeprefixedB.negativeprefixesC.pejorativeprefixesD.locativeprefixesTheprefixedcontainedinunwrap,de-composeanddisalloware_________.A.reversativeprefixedB.negativeprefixesC.pejorativeprefixesD.locativeprefixesTheprefixesinwordsextra-strong,overweightandarchbishopare_____.A.negativeprefixesB.prefixesofdegreeorsizeC.pejorativeprefixesD.locativeprefixesTheprefixesinwordsbilingual,uniformandhemisphereare________.A.numberprefixesB.prefixesofdegreeorsizeC.pejorativeprefixesD.locativeprefixes6.________arecontainedinwordstrans-world,intra-partyandforehead.PrefixesoforientationandattitudeB.PrefixesoftimeandorderC.LocativeprefixesD.Prefixesofdegreeorsize7.Rugby,afghanandchampagnearewordscomingfrom________.namesofbooksB.namesofplacesC.namesofpeopleD.tradenames8.Omega,Xeroxandorlonarewordsfrom_________.namesofbooksB.namesofplacesC.namesofpeopleD.tradenames9.Ex-student,foretellandpost-electioncontain________.negativeprefixesB.prefixesofdegreeorsizeC.prefixesoftimeandorderD.locativeprefixesMackintosh,bloomersandcherubarefrom_______A.namesofbooksB.namesofplacesC.namesofpeopleD.tradenamesTheprefixesinwordsnew-Nazi,autobiographyandpan-Europeanare________.negativeprefixesB.prefixesofdegreeorsizeC.prefixesoftimeandorderD.miscellaneousprefixesTheprefixesinwordsanti-government,prostudentandcontrafloware_____-.prefixesofdegreeorsizeB.prefixesoforientationandattitudeC.prefixesoftimeandorderD.miscellaneousprefixesUtopia,odysseyandBabbitarewordsfrom________.namesofbooksB.namesofplacesC.namesofpeopleD.tradenamesThesuffixesinwordsclockwise,homewardsare______.A.nounsuffixesB.verbsuffixesC.adverbsuffixesD.adjectivesuffixesThesuffixesinwordsheighten,symbolizeare________.A.nounsuffixesB.verbsuffixesC.adverbsuffixesD.adjectivesuffixesII.Completethefollowingstatementswithproperwordsorexpressionsaccordingtothecoursebook.16.Affixationisgenerallydefinedastheformationofwordsbyaddingword-formingorderivationalaffixestostem.Thisprocessisalsoknownas_____.17.Compounding,alsocalled________,istheformationofnewwordsbyjoiningtwoormorestems.Wordsformedinthiswayarecalled_________.18.__________istheformationofnewwordsbyconvertingwordsofoneclasstoanotherclass.19._________istheformationofnewwordsbycombiningpartsoftwowordsorawordplusapartofanotherword.Wordsformedinthiswayarecalledblendsor_____words.20Acommonwayofmakingawordistoshortenalongerwordbycuttingapartofftheoriginalandusingwhatremainsinstead.Thisiscalled_______.III.MatchthewordsorexpressionsinColumnAwiththoseinColumnBaccordingtotypesofsuffixation.AB21.Concretedenominalnounsuffixes()A.priceless22.Abstractdenominalnounsuffixes()B.downward23.Deverbalnounsuffixes(denotingpeople.)()C.engineer24.Deverbalnounssuffixes(denotingaction,etc)（）D.darken25.De-adjectivenounsuffixes（）Ｅviolinist26.Nounandadjectivesuffixes()F.happiness27.Denominaladjectivesuffixes()G.arguable28.Deverbaladjectivesuffixes()H.dependent29.Adverbsuffixes()I.adulthood30.Verbsuffixes()J.survivalStudythefollowingwordsorexpressionsandidentify1)typesofclipping2)typesofacronymyandwritethefullterms.31.quake()32.stereo()33.flu()34.pub()35.c/o()36.V-day()37.TB()38.disco()39.copter()40.perm()Definethefollowingterms.41.acronymy42.back-formation43.initialisms44.prefixation45.suffixationVI.Answerthefollowingquestionswithexamples.46.Whatarethecharacteristicsofcompounds?47.Whatarethemaintypesofblendings?48.Whatarethemaintypesofcompounds?VII.Analyzeandcommentonthefollowing:49.Usethefollowingexamplestoexplainthetypesofback-formation.(1)donate----donationemote----emotion(2)loaf—loaferbeg------beggar(3)eavesdrop---eavesdroppingbabysit---babysitter(4)drowse—drowsylaze---lazy50.Readthefollowingsentenceandidentifythetypesofconversionoftheitalicizedwords.(1)I’mverygratefulforyourhelp.(2)Therichmusthelpthepoor.(3)Hisargumentcontainstoomanyifsandbuts.(4)Theyarebetterhousedandclothed.(5)Thephotographyellowedwithage.(6)Wedownedafewbeers.Keytoexercises:B2.C3.A4.B5.A6.C7.B8.D9.C10.C11.D12.B13.A14.C15.BII.16.derivation17.composition,compounds18.Conversion19.Blending(pormanteau)20.clippingIII.21.C22.I23.H24.J25.F26.E27.A28.G29.B30.DIV.31.Frontclipping,earthquake32.Backclipping,stereophonic33.Frontandbackclipping,influenza34.Phraseclipping,publichouse35.Initialisms,careof36.Acronyms,VictoryDay37.Initialisms,tuberculosis38.Backclipping,discotheque39.Frontclipping,helicopter40.Phraseclipping,permanentwavesV-VI.(Seethecoursebook)VII.49.Therearemainlyfourtypesofback-formation.(1)Fromabstractnouns(2)Fromhumannouns(3)Fromcompoundnounsandothers(4)Fromadjectives50.(1)Verbtonoun(2)Adjectivetonoun(3)Miscellaneousconversiontonoun(4)Nountoverb(5)Adjective(6)MiscellaneousconversiontoverbChapter5WordMeaning(练习4)I.Eachofthestatementsbelowisfollowedbyfouralternativeanswers.Choosetheonethatwouldbestcompletethestatement.Awordisthecombinationofformand________.A.spellingB.writingC.meaningD.denoting_______istheresultofhumancognition,reflectingtheobjectiveworldinthehumanmind.A.ReferenceB.ConceptC.SenseD.ContextSensedenotestherelationships_______thelanguage.A.outsideB.withC.beyondD.inside4.MostEnglishwordscanbesaidtobe________.A.non-motivatedB.motivatedC.connectedD.related5.Trumpetisa(n)_______motivatedword.A.morphologicallyB.semanticallyC.onomatopoeicallyD.etymologicallyHopelessisa______motivatedword.A.morphologicallyB.onomatopoeicallyC.semanticallyD.etymologicallyInthesentence‘Heisfondofpen’,penisa______motivatedword.A.morphologicallyB.onomatopoeicallyC.semanticallyD.etymologicallyWalkmanisa_______motivatedword.A.onomatopoeicallyB.morphologicallyC.semanticallyD.etymologicallyFunctionalwordspossessstrong_____whereascontentwordshavebothmeanings,andlexicalmeaninginparticular.A.grammaticalmeaningB.conceptualmeaningC.associativemeaningD.arbitrarymeaning10._______isunstable,varyingconsiderablyaccordingtoculture,historicalperiod,andtheexperienceoftheindividual.StylisticmeaningB.ConnotativemeaningC.CollocativemeaningD.Affectivemeaning11.Affectivemeaningindicatesthespeaker’s_______towardsthepersonorthinginquestion.A.feeling.B.likingC.attitudeD.understanding12._________areaffectivewordsastheyareexpressionsofemotionssuchasoh,dearme,alas.A.PrepositionsB.InterjectionsC.ExclamationsD.Explanations13.Itisnoticeablethat_______overlapswithstylisticandaffectivemeaningsbecauseinasensebothstylisticandaffectivemeaningsarerevealedbymeansofcollocations.conceptualmeaningB.grammaticalmeaningC.lexicalmeaningD.collocativemeaning14.Inthesamelanguage,thesameconceptcanbeexpressedin______.A.onlyonewordB.twowordsC.morethanthreeD.differentwords15.Referenceistherelationshipbetweenlanguageandthe______.A.speakersB.listenersC.worldD.specificcountryII.Completethefollowingstatementswithproperwordsorexpressionsaccordingtothecoursebook.InmodernEnglishonemayfindsomewordswhosesoundssuggesttheir______Compoundsandderivedwordsare______wordsandthemeaningsofmanyarethesumtotalofthemorphemescombined._______referstothementalassociationssuggestedbytheconceptualmeaningofaword.Themeaningsofmanywordsoftenrelatedirectlytotheir______.Inotherwordsthehistoryofthewordexplainsthemeaningoftheword.Lexicalmeaningitselfhastwocomponents:conceptualmeaningand_________.III.MatchthewordsorexpressionsinColumnAwiththoseinColumnBaccordingto1)typesofmotivation2)typesofmeaning.AB21.Onomotopooeicmotivation()A.tremblewithfear22.Collocativemeaning()B.skinny23.Morphologicalmotivation()C.slender24.Connotativemeaning()D.hiss25.Semanticmotivation()E.laconic26.Stylisticmeaning()F.sun(aheavenlybody)27.Etymologicalmotivation()G.airmail28.Pejorativemeaning()H.home29.Conceptualmeaning()I.horseandplug30.Appreciativemeaning()J.penandawordIV.Studythefollowingwordsorexpressionsandidentify1)typesofmotivation2)typesofmeaning.31.neigh()32.themouthoftheriver()33.reading-lamp()34.tantalus()35.warmhome()36.thecops()37.dearme()38.pigheaded()39.handsomeboy()40.diligence()Definethefollowingterms.41.motivation42.grammaticalmeanings43.conceptualmeaning44.associativemeaning45.affectivemeaningAnswerthefollowingquestions.Youranswersshouldbeclearandshort.46.Whatisreference?47.Whatisconcept?48.Whatissense?Analyzeandcommentonthefollowing.49.Studythefollowingwordsandexplaintowhichtypeofmotivationtheybelong.50.Explainthetypesofassociativemeaningwithexamples.Keytoexercises:1.C2.B3.D4.A5.C6.A7.C8.D9.A10.B11.C12.B13.D14.D15.C16.meanings17.multi-morphemic18.Semanticmotivation19.origins20.associativemeaning21.D22.A23.G24.H25.J26.I27.E28.B29.F30.C31.Onomatopoeicmotivation32.Semanticmotivation33.Morphologicalmotivation34.Etymologicalmotivation35.Connotativemeaning36.Stylisticmeaning37.Affectivemeaning38.pejorative39.collocativemeaning40.appreciativeV-VI.Seethecoursebook.49.(1)Roarandbuzzbelongtoonomatopoeicmotivation.(2)Miniskirtandhopelessbelongtomorphologicalmotivation.(3)Thelegofatableandtheneckofabottlebelongtosemanticmotivation.(4)Titanicandpanicbelongtoetymologicalmotivation.50.Associativemeaningcomprisesfourtypes:Connotativemeaning.Itreferstotheovertonesorassociationssuggestedbytheconceptualmeaning,traditionallyknownasconnotations.Itisnotanessentialpartoftheword-meaning,butassociationsthatmightoccurinthemindofaparticularuserofthelanguage.Forexample,mother,denotinga‘femaleparent’,isoftenassociatedwith‘love’,‘care’,etc..Stylisticmeaning.Apartfeomtheirconceptualmeanings,manywordshavestylisticfeatures,whichmakethemappropriatefordifferentcontexts.Thesedistinctivefeaturesformthestylisticmeaningsofwords.Forexample,pregnant,expecting,knockingup,intheclub,etc.,allcanhavethesameconceptualmeaning,butdifferintheirstylisticvalues.Affectivemeaning.Itindicatesthespeaker’sattitudetowardsthepersonorthinginquestion.Wordsthathaveemotivevaluesmayfallintotwocategories:appreciativeorpejorative.Forexample,famous,determinedarewordsofpositiveovertones;notorious,pigheadedareofnegativeconnotationsimplyingdisapproval,contemptorcriticism.Collocativemeaning.Itconsistsoftheassociationsawordacquiresinitscollocation.Inotherwords,itisthatpartoftheword-meaningsuggestedbythewordsbeforeorafterthewordindiscussion.Forexample,wesay:prettygirl,prettygarden;wedon’tsayprettytypewriter.Butsometimesthereissomeoverlapbetweenthecollocationsofthetwowords.Chapter6SenseRelationsandSemanticField(练习5)I.Eachofthestatementsbelowisfollowedbyfouralternativeanswers.Choosetheonethatwouldbestcompletethestatement.Polysemyisacommonfeaturepeculiarto______.A.EnglishonlyB.ChineseonlyC.allnaturallanguagesD.somenaturallanguagesFromthe______pointofview,polysemyisassumedtobetheresultofgrowthanddevelopmentofthesemanticstructureofoneandsameword.A.linguisticB.diachronicC.synchronicD.traditional_______isasemanticprocessinwhichtheprimarymeaningstandsatthecenterandthesecondarymeaningsproceedoutofitineverydirectionlikerayes.ARadiationB.ConcatenationC.DerivationD.Inflection4._________isthesemanticprocessinwhichthemeaningofawordmovesgraduallyawayfromitsfirstsensebysuccessiveshiftsuntil,inmanycases,thereisnotasignofconnectionbetweenthesensethatisfinallydevelopedandthatwhichthetermhadatthebeginning.A.DerivationB.RadiationC.InflectionD.Concatenation5.Oneimportantcriteriontodifferentiatehomonymsfrompolysemantsistoseetheir_____