上海市崇明区2021-2022学年第一次高考模拟考试英语试卷

上海市崇明区2021-2022学年第一次高考模拟考试

英语试卷

I.ListeningComprehension

SectionA

Directions:InSectionA,youwillheartenshortconversationsbetweentwospeakers.Atthe

endofeachconversation,aquestionwillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Theconversations

andthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaconversationandthequestion

aboutit,readthefourpossibleanswersonyourpaper,anddecidewhichoneisthebest

answertothequestionyouhaveheard.

1.Whatismostprobablythewoman'soccupation?

A.Abankclerk.B.Ashopassistant.

C.Anairhostess.D.Ahotelreceptionist.

K答案』D

K解析H

K原文HW:Here'stheroomkey.Enjoyyourstay.Bytheway,thecheckouttimeis12noon.

M:Thanksforremindingme.

2.Howmuchshouldthemanpayintotal?

A.$10.B.$15.C.$25.D.$30.

K答案Uc

K解析工

K原文XM:rdliketobuytwoadultticketsandonestudenttickettotheVanGoghexhibit.How

much?

W:Thecostoftheadultticketsis10dollarseach.Thestudentticketishalftheprice.

3.Whatdoesthemanoffertodo?

A.Buysomeingredientsforthesalad.B.Waitforthewomantoreturn.

C.Handthestoreovertothewoman.D.Makeashoppinglist.

（答案》A

K解析H

K原文XW:Whydon'tyougivethesaladmoreflavour?

M:Goodidea.Tellmewhatyoulikeandrilrunovertothecomerstoretogetit.

4.Whatdoesthemanmean?

A.Itdoesn'ttakelongtodrivethere.

B.Hehasmemorizedeverypartofthedrive.

C.Hedoesn'twanttodriveanymore.

D.TheroadtoBridgeporthasjustbeenopened.

K答案XB

K解析H

K原文》W:EversinceyourwifemovedtoBridgeport,howmanytimesdoyoudrivethereeach

week?

M:Ihavelostcount.ButIcandoitwithmyeyesclosed.

5.Whatdoesthemanimply?

Whatdoesthemanimply?

A.Theticketwasexpensive.B.Hedidn'tbuytheticket.

C.Theticketshavebeensoldout.D.Hedoesn'tknowthepriceofthe

ticket.

K答案』A

K解析H

K原文XW:Sohowmuchwasyourplaneticket?

M:MorethanIcouldreallyafford.Ihadtodigintomysavings.

6.Whatwillthewomanmostprobablydo?

A.DeliverthenotebooktoCathy.B.LookforCathy9snotebook.

C.AskCathytoexplainthechemistrynotes.D.AskCathyfortheman'snotebook.

（答案』A

K解析3

K原文HM:Couldyoudomeafavour?IreallyneedtogetthisnotebooktoCathy,andIknow

she'sinyourchemistryclassthisafternoon.

W:Noproblem.

7.Whatdoesthemanmean?

A.Hehopestograduatebeforethesummer.

B.Thewomanwon'tbeabletokeepupthepace.

C.Thewomanwillgraduateaftertheman.

D.Hedoesn'twanttoattendschoolyearround.

（答案》D

K解析X

K原文XW:IfIcankeepupthepace,Iwillgraduateinjust3years.

M:Thatmaybetrue,butIneverwanttogiveupmysummerbreaks.

8.Whatdoesthemanmean?

A.He511jointhebandsoonerorlater.

B.Hehadabadtimeintheschoolband.

C.Hequitthebandforacademicreasons.

D.He'sstillamemberoftheschoolband.

K答案Uc

K解析U

K原文XW:You'vedroppedoutoftheschoolband,haven,tyou?ButIthoughtyoulovedit.

M:Ido.Butwithallthetimeawayfrommystudies,mygradesarereallystartingtoslip.

9.Whatcanbelearnedfromtheconversation?

A.Themanisusedtocoldweather.

B.TheweatherinOctobershouldbewarmer.

C.Themandisbelievestheweatherforecast.

D.Theweatherthisweekendwillremainwarm.

K答案』B

K解析》

K原文XW:Didyouseetheweatherforecastforthisweekend?Ican'tbelievethetemperatureis

goingtodropsodramatically.

M:Idid.Butitisn'twhatOctobershouldbelike.

10.Whatdoesthemanimply?

A.Hisprojectcouldn'tcontinueduetothegovernment.

B.Hedidn'tneedanysupportfromthegovernment.

C.Hisprojecfsfinancialproblemhasbeensolved.

D.Hehasalreadystoppedhisprojecthalfway.

K答案』c

K解析H

K原文HW:David,howiseverythinggoingwithyourproject?

M:Now,ifsundersmoothprogress.Butwithoutthefinancialsupportfromthegovernment,we

wouldhavestoppedithalfway.

SectionB

Directions:InSectionB,youwillheartwoshortpassagesandonelongerconversation,and

youwillbeaskedseveralquestionsoneachofthem.Thepassagesandtheconversationwill

bereadtwice,butthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Whenyouhearaquestion,read

thefourpossibleanswersonyourpaperanddecidewhichoneisthebestanswertothe

questionyouhaveheard.

听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。

11.Whatdoesthepassagemainlywanttotellus?

A.Manyleadersareanxiousabouttheirteam'sproductivity.

B.Employeesarehappierwhentheyworkfromhome.

C.Moreandmorepeopleprefertoworkathomenow.

D.Workingremotelyimprovesemployees5productivity.

12.AccordingtothedatafromRescueTime,howmuchpercentoftimecanbesavedon

communicationeachday?

A.4%.B.18%.C.38%.D.58%.

13.HowcanthedatafromRescueTimeinfluenceleaders?

A.Itcanstrengthentheirleadership.B.Itcanhelpthemmanagetheirtime.

C.Itcanrelievethemofsomeconcern.D.Itcancausethemtosethighergoals.

（答案Uli.D12.B13.C

K解析H

K原文HManyleadersareworriedabouthowproductivetheirpeoplecanactuallybeathome.

Newdata,however,suggeststhattheycanprobablyrelax.

ThedatacomesfromRescueTime,atimemanagementtoolthatmonitorshowyouspend

everyminuteoftimeonyourcomputersoyoucanmakebetteruseofyourday.Thecompany

carefullyexaminedtheinformationanddeliveredhappynewsaboutourproductivitywhenwe

workfromhome.

Accordingtothedata,knowledgeworkers,softwaredevelopersandITprofessionalsareall

moreproductivewhentheyworkfromhome.Itshowsremoteworkershada4%increasein

averagedailytimespentontheirimportantworkandan18%decreaseintimespenton

communication.Overayear,thataddsupto58morehoursspentonimportantwork.

Ifthetimesavedoncommunicationisaddedtothetimesavedfromtravelingtoandfrom

work,workerswillsaveatleastthreehoursadaywhentheygoremote.Thafsgreatnewsfor

managers,andemployeesareprobablyprettyexcitedaboutthatshifttoo.

Thedatasuggeststheleaderscanremoveatleastoneitemfromtheirlonglistofanxieties.

Remoteworkprobablyisn'tkillingtheirteam'sproductivity.

(Nowlistenagain,please)

听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。

14.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?

A.Theimportanceofbeestoagriculture.

B.Thefactorsincausingthedeclineofbees.

C.Thereasonsforchoosingadayforbees.

D.Thewaystoincreasethediversityofbees.

15.Whichofthefollowingisoneofthefactorsthatareputtingbeesatrisk?

A.Thechangeintheirfoodforms.B.Thedisappearanceoftheirhomes.

C.Thelossofsomeplants.D.Thepoorharvestinagriculture.

16.WhatimpactmightErikaThompson'sonlinevideosmostprobablybring?

A.Raisingawarenessofprotectingbees.

B.Keepingmorepeopleawayfrombees.

C.Inspiringmoreartworksaboutbees.

D.Encouragingprofessorstokeepbees.

K答案』14.C15.B16.A

(解析》

R原文H

There?sadayforjustabouteverything,andtheUnitedNationshasselectedMay20asWorld

BeeDayforworldwiderecognitionoftheimportanceofbees.

“Thereare20,000speciesofbeesaroundtheworldandalotofthesebeesareindecline,9,

saysJosephSmith,abeeexpertwiththeUN'sFoodandAgricultureOrganization.Thatincludes

honeybees,ofcourse,butSmithsaystheyonlymakeupaverysmallpartofallthekindsofbees

intheworld.Climatechange,poisonouschemicalsusedinagricultureandthelossofliving

spacesareputtingmanyofthosespeciesatrisk."Beesreallyprovideforusinmanyways,like

foodandhumanwell-being.They'reimportantforourculture,datingbackthousandsofyearsin

termsofinspirationofart,“Smithsays.

TheyevenprovideinspirationforErikaThompson,aprofessionalbeekeeperinTexas,to

shareherworkonline.Herfanswatchwithdelight-andsometimesalittlehorror-asshe

picksuppilesofbeeswithherbarehandsandthenmovesthemfromdangerousplacesto

somewheresafer.Thompson'sworkisaboutmorethangettingmillionsofviewspervideo.She

notesthatbeesareakeyfactorincreatingdiverseandhealthyecosystems.

听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。

17.Whatarethespeakersmainlydiscussing?

A.Howtobookamovieticket.B.Whomtoseeamoviewith.

C.Whethertoseeamovie.D.Wheretoseeamovie.

18.WhatcanbelearnedaboutMarvel'snewmovie?

A.Ithasbeenwidelycriticized.B.Ithasreceivedgoodcomments.

C.Ithasatotallydifferentstyle.D.Ithasbeenreviewedmanytimes.

19.Whichofthefollowingisoneofthereasonswhythemanpreferstoseeamovieatatheatre?

A.Itcreatesbetteratmosphere.B.Helikesthecompanyofstrangers.

C.Itismuchmorerelaxing.D.HedislikesMarvel'soldmovies.

20.Whydidn'tthewomanwanttogotothetheatreatfirst?

A.Shefeltverytired.B.Shetriedtoavoidthetallguy.

C.SheneededsomesleepD.She'dliketoseethetinydetails.

K答案H17.D18.B19.A20.A

K解析》

K原文》M:FvereallybeenlookingforwardtoseeingMarvel'snewmovieatthetheatre.

W:Iknowthecriticsgaveitgoodreviews,butIwashopingtowatchamovieathome.How

aboutjuststreamingadifferentMarvelmovietonight?

M:What?No.Iwanttoseethemostcurrentone.Andtoreallygetthefulleffect,youhavetosee

themovieonthesilverscreen.

W:Butifsmorerelaxingathome,andIcanliedownwhilewatchingsomething.I'mkindof

exhausted,youknow.

M:Oncewegettothetheatre,you'llfeelbetter.

W:Idoubtit.Wehavemorefreedomathome,too.Wecanpausethemovieandgetsnacksoruse

thebathroomwithoutmissinganything.

M:ButIenjoythatcommercialexperienceofwatchingamovieinthedarkwithstrangers.And

onlyonabigscreencanyouseeallthetinydetailsyoumightmissonaTVscreen.Andthesound

surroundsyouandmakesyoufeellikeyou'rerightinthescreen.

W:Well,youcan'tstayinthatworldwhenpeople'sphoneslightup.

M:Itonlyhappensoccasionally.Anyway,it711dousgoodtogetout.

W:OK,Iguess...butIhopethistimetherewon'tbeatallguysittinginfrontofme.

ILGrammarandVocabulary

SectionA

Directions:Afterreadingthepassagebelow,fillintheblankstomakethepassagecoherentand

grammaticallycorrect.Fortheblankswithagivenword,fillineachblankwiththeproperformof

thegivenword;fortheotherblanks,useonewordthatbestfitseachblank.

ArtistsShowConcernforEnvironmentatSmithsonianCraftShow

TheUnitedNationssaysmorethanonemillionplantandanimalspeciesarelikelytodieout

becauseofhumanactivity.Thatthreat21theenvironmentandconcernsaboutclimate

changeinfluencedpeopleattendingtheSmithsonianCraftShowlastmonth.Theshowgave

recognitiontoartists22(create)environmentallysustainableworks.

TheSmithsonianCommitteeismadeupofvolunteersfromtheWashington,D.C.area.Joann

Symonsisthegroup9spresident.uInrecentyears,we'venoticedthattheartistsinourshowshave

beenworkingwithmorerenewablematerialsandmethods23areenvironmentallysafe.

Thafs24we'vedecidedthatwewillrewardthoseeffortsbyofferingaSustainability

Awardeveryyearatourshow,“saidSymons.

Attheshowlastmonth,120artistsfromacrosstheUnitedStatespresentedworksofartin12

differentmaterials.Twenty-oneartistsmettherequirementsforsustainability.Bydoingso,they

wontheright25(compete)fortheHonoringtheFutureSustainabilityAward.The

winnerreceivedaprizeof1,000dollars.

MaryJaegercreatesherworksofartinanearly100-year-oldfactorybuildinginBrooklyn,

NewYork.Shemakesartworksthat26bewornasclothing.Itcombinesthe

time-honoredqualitiesofJapanesetextileswithmodernWesterndesigns.Jaegerwonthe

"HonoringtheFutureSustainabilityAward“forhersilkcreations.Shemakesthembyhand,

combiningearlierprojectswithmaterials27(leave)over.Theartistsaid,"28I

lookatthesebeautifulsilksthatIhaveacquiredovertheyearsofdesigning,Iwantedtorepurpose

themintosomethingthatwastrulybeautiful,butcompletelydifferentthantheoriginalproduct...9,

FranDubrowski29(head)HonoringtheFuture,anonprofitorganizationthat

providesthesustainabilityaward.Shesaidthegroup30(set)uptotakeadvantageof

thepowerofarttoeducateandengagethepubliconclimatechange.

K答案X21.to22.creating23.that/which24.why25.tocompete

26.can27.left28.When/As29.heads30,wasset/hadbeenset

K解析X

(祥解X这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了艺术家在史密森尼工艺展上表达对环境的关心。

K21题详析》

考查介词。句意:对环境的威胁和对气候变化的担忧影响了上个月参加史密森工艺展的人们。

threatto为固定用法，意为“对……的威胁”。故填to。

(22题详析』

考查非谓语动词。句意：该展览表彰了创造环境可持续发展作品的艺术家。分析句子结构可

知，己有谓语动词gives,空处需填非谓语动词，artists和create为逻辑上的主谓关系，需用

现在分词形式。故填creating。

(23题详析》

考查定语从句。句意：近年来，我们注意到我们展览中的艺术家一直在使用更多的可再生材

料和环保的方法。空处引导定语从句，先行词methods,指物，在定语从句中作主语，需用

关系代词that/which引导。故填that/whicho

(24题详析H

考查表语从句。句意：这就是为什么我们决定每年在展会上颁发一个可持续发展奖来奖励这

些努力。空处引导表语从句，从句缺少原因状语，需用连接副词why引导。故填why。

125题详析X

考查非谓语动词。句意：通过这样做，他们赢得了竞争未来可持续发展奖的权利。空处修饰

名词theright,需用动词不定式作后置定语。故填tocompete0

(26题详析』

考查情态动词。句意：她制作可以当衣服穿的艺术品。结合语境可知，空处需填情态动词

can,表示“可以,能够“。故填can。

(27题详析》

考查非谓语动词。句意：她将早期的作品和剩余的材料结合起来，手工制作这些作品。“with+

宾语+宾语补足语”为固定用法，空处需填非谓语动词作宾语补足语，materials和leave为逻

辑上的动宾关系，需用过去分词形式。故填left。

(28题详析』

考查状语从句。句意：这位艺术家说:“当我看到这些我经过多年设计获得的美丽的丝绸时，

我想把它们改造成真正美丽的东西，但又和原来的产品完全不同……空处引导时间状语

从句，表示“当时候"，需用as/when引导。故填as/when。

K29题详析X

考查动词时态。句意：弗兰•杜博洛斯基(FranDubrowski)是"尊重未来"(honortheFuture)的负

责人，这是一家提供可持续发展奖的非营利组织。此处陈述客观事实，使用一般现在时，主

语为FranDubrowski,谓语动词使用第三人称单数形式。故填heads。

K30题详析X

考查动词时态语态和主谓一致。句意：她说，成立这个组织是为了利用艺术的力量来教育公

众，让公众参与气候变化问题。空处为宾语从句的谓语动词，从句可以看作陈述客观事实，

也可看作陈述过去的动作，再根据said可知，从句使用一般过去时或者过去完成时，主语

thegroup和set为被动关系，需用被动语态，主语为单数名词，谓语动词使用第三人称单数

形式。故填wasset/hadbeenset。

SectionB

Directions:Afterreadingthepassagebelow,fillineachblankwithaproperwordgiveninthe

box.Eachwordcanonlybeusedonce.Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.

A.awardedB.contemporaryC.demandD.emittedE.exploreF.exposure

G.inevitableH.protectiveI.tragicJ.undertakeK.unmatched

PraiseforPioneersinScience

InmemoryofMarieCurieonherbirthdayonSaturday,theofficialwebsiteoftheNobel

Prizepostedaphotographofhernotebooksaying,"'MarieCuriediedofaplasticanaemia（再生障

碍性贫血）on4July1934,aresultofyearsof31toradiationthroughherwork.Even

todayherlaboratorynotebookfrom1899-1902,isradioactiveandwillbefor1,500years.^^

ThetalesofMarieandotherscientistsofhertimeareinsomesensevery32..

WilhelmConradRoentgen,aprofessorofphysicsattheWuerzburgUniversityinGermany,

discoveredX-rayin1895.Ayearlater,AntoineHenriBecquerelfoundthatsomenatural

substances33rays,too.Later,Marieandherphysicisthusband,PierreCurie,gaveita

name,radioactivity.

However,theharmfuleffectsofradioactivitywerenotdiscovereduntildecadeslater.Marie

andher34scientistsdealtwithradioactivesubstancesfordecadesusinglittleorno

protection.

Marie,sdeathisareminderabouttheriskspioneersinscience35.Itwasonlyafter

peoplehandlingradioactivesubstancesbegantogetsimilardiseasesthatmedicalexpertsasked

peopletouseprotection.Today,medicalhealthworkersandpatientswearheavy36covers

duringX-rays.

Itisalmost37thatthoseexploringnewfrontiers（前沿）forscienceareexposing

themselvestounknowndangers.Thereisa（n）38forbetterprotectionforthepioneers,but

thatisnotpossibleuntilthedangersarefullyknown.

Forexample,thespacesuitsastronautswearprotectthemagainstradiation.However,only

timewilltelliftherearesomeotherunknowndangersthattheyneedtoprotectthemselves

against.

Thecontributionsandsacrificesbysuchpioneerstothefieldofscienceare39and

deservingofourrespect.Becausethepioneersnotonly40newfrontiers,butalsohelp

usbetterprotectourselvesfromunknownenvironments.

K答案U31.F32.133.D34.B35.J36.H37.G38.C39.K

40.E

K解析》

［祥解》这是一篇新闻报道。文章开头提出了居里夫人的死亡原因“再生性障碍贫血”其实

是由于她多年工作中暴露于辐射的结果，以此为导入，介绍了那些探索科学新领域的人将自

己暴露在未知的危险之中几乎是不可避免的。科研人员虽然穿着防护服，但还是存在未知的

风险，从而提出这些先驱者对科学领域的做出的自我牺牲和贡献是无与伦比的，表达了对于

他们的敬意。

K31题详析X

考查名词。句意：玛丽•居里于1934年7月4日死于再生障碍性贫血，这是她多年工作中暴

露于辐射的结果。分析可知，设空处应是名词，与空后介词“to”结合构成固定短语，且后文

“radiation”意为"辐射"，由此推知，应是F项“exposure”,名词，意为“面临；遭受（危险或

不快）”，可构成固定短语“exposuretosth”,意为“暴露；受到"，符合语意要求。故选F项。

（32题详析』

考查形容词。句意:居里夫人和她那个时代的其他科学家的故事在某种意义上是非常悲惨的。

空前"are"为系动词，所填空应是形容词。根据前文“Eventodayherlaboratoiynotebookfi-om

1899-1902,isradioactiveandwillbefor1,500years.（即使在今天，她从1899年至!J1902年的实

验室笔记仍然是放射性的，而且将在1500年里都是放射性的。）”语境可知，设空处应是消

极意义的形容词。选项1"tragic"，形容词，意为“悲惨的；不幸的”，符合语境和语意要求。

故选I项。

133题详析X

考查动词。句意：一年后，安托万•亨利・贝克勒尔发现一些天然物质也会发出射线。分析可

知，设空处应是从句的谓语动词，从句主语"somenaturalsubstances"意为"一些天然物质”，

宾语“rays”意为“射线”，由此可推知，所选动词应表达“释放”含义。选项D"emitted”，动词，

意为“排放；发散"，符合语境和语意要求。故选D项。

134题详析X

考查形容词。句意：居里夫人和她同时代的科学家几十年来一直在使用很少或根本没有保护

的方法处理放射性物质。分析可知，设空处应是形容词作定语修饰空后名词“scientists（科学

家）“，与"Marie”并列，且与前文“otherscientistsofhertime（她那个时代的其他科学家）''相呼

应，应是指和她同时代的科学家们。选项B"contemporary"，形容词，意为“同时期的”，符

合语境和语意要求。故选B项。

K35题详析3

考查动词。句意：居里夫人的死提醒我们科学先驱们所承担的风险。分析可知，“pioneersin

science”为之前名词“therisks”的定语从句，从句主语为"pioneers","inscience”为其后

置定语，先行词"therisks”为宾语，因此设空处为谓语动词，所选应是动词，结合先行词，

即，其宾语“therisks”为“风险”含义,应是J项“undertake”，动词，意为“承担”，“undertakethe

risks”意为“承担风险”，符合语境和语意搭配。故选J项。

K36题详析X

考查形容词。句意：今天，医疗卫生工作者和患者在接受X光检查时戴上厚厚的防护罩。

分析可知，空后“covers”为名词，意为“覆盖物；外衣”，因此可推知设空处应是形容词作定

语。结合"medicalexpertsaskedpeopletouseprotection（医学专家要求人们采取保护措施）“可

知，这里应是指“防护罩”。选项H“protective"，形容词，意为“保护的；防护的"，符合语境

和语意搭配。故选H项。

H37题详析H

考查形容词。句意：那些探索科学新领域的人将自己暴露在未知的危险之中几乎是不可避免

的。分析可知，空前“is”为系动词，设空处应是形容词作表语。根据后文主语从句“thatthose

exploringnewfrontiersforscienceareexposingthemselvestounknowndangers（那些探索科学

新领域的人正把自己暴露在未知的危险之中）”语境可知，这种情况是无法避免的。选项

G“inevitable"，形容词，意为“不可避免的；不能防止的”，符合语境和语意搭配。故选G项。

138题详析X

考查名词。句意：有人要求为先驱者提供更好的保护，但在完全了解危险之前，这是不可能

的。分析可知，空前“a（n）”为不定冠词，设空处应是名词，与空后“for”搭配。结合前文“Itis

almostthatthoseexploringnewfrontiersforscienceareexposingthemselvestounknown

dangers」那些探索科学新领域的人正把自己暴露在未知的危险之中是不可避免的。）”可知,

对于这些人来说，在科研过程中，需要有更好的保护。C项"demand”，名词，意为“要求；

需求”，可构成固定短语“ademandforsth”，意为“对...的一个需求”,符合语境和语意搭配。

故选C项。

K39题详析X

考查形容词。句意：这些先驱者对科学领域的贡献和牺牲是无与伦比的，值得我们尊敬。分

析可知，空前“are”为系动词，设空处应是形容词作表语。根据前文“Forexample,thespacesuits

astronautswearprotectthemagainstradiation.However,onlytimewilltelliftherearesomeother

unknowndangersthattheyneedtoprotectthemselvesagainst.(例如，宇航员穿的宇航服可以保

护他们免受辐射。然而，只有时间才能证明是否还有其他未知的危险需要他们保护自己。y

可知，虽然穿着防护服，但还是存在未知的风险，他们在科学领域不仅做出了贡献也做出了

牺牲，由此可知，这些都是无与伦比的。选项K“unmatched"，形容词，意为“无与伦比的”，

符合语境和语意搭配。故选K项。

E0题详析I

考查动词。句意：因为科研先驱们不仅探索新的领域，而且帮助我们更好地保护自己不受未

知环境的影响。分析可知，设空处为句子的谓语动词，应是动词。结合主语“thepioneers”意

为“先驱；先锋”，宾语“newfrontiers”意为“新领域”，由此可推知，谓语动词应表达“探索”

含义。选项E-xplore”，动词，意为“探索”，符合语境和语意搭配。故选E项。

III.ReadingComprehension

SectionA

Directions:Foreachblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourwordsorphrasesmarked

A,B,CandD.Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.

Weallknowthedangersofadietthafshighinfat.Butanewstudyfromresearchersatthe

TokyoMedicalandDentalUniversity(TMDU)inJapanhasnowfoundhavingafat-heavydiet

canalso41hairloss.

Intheaveragehealthyadult,thehairfolliclestemcells仕/SCs)(毛囊干细胞)42

themselvesregularly,whichiswhyyourhairgrowsbackwhenyoucutitandalsowhyitbecomes

longer.Aswithmostthingsinthehumanbody,though,agingdoesn'tdotheHSFCsany

43.Asyougetolder,thestemcellslosetheirabilitytoreproduceas44astheyonce

did,leavingthehairtothinand/orfallout.

InthestudycarriedoutbyTMDU'sdepartmentofstemcellbiology,micethathadbeen

givenahigh-fatdiet(HFD)weremoresubjecttoinflammatory(炎症的)responsesinthebody

which,45,blockedfollicleregeneration,leadingtohairloss.Whatwassurprisingwasthat

the46inthehairfolliclescouldhappeninaslittleasfourdaysspentonahigh-fatdietand

thattheproblemseemedtobeworseinoldermice.

“High-fatdietfeedingmakeshair47fasterbyreducingHFSCs,especiallyinold

mice,^^explainsHironobuMorinaga,thestudy'sleadauthor.t6Wecomparedthegeneexpressionin

HFSCsbetweenHFD-fedmiceandstandarddiet-fedmiceand48thefateofthoseHFSCs

aftertheiractivation.^^

Ifsnotjustthe49contentofyourfoodthatcandamageyourhairaswhatyou

consumecanreallyaffecthowyourhairgrowsandevenwhethermenwillkeepit,asDrAlia

Ahmed,whospecializesinthestudyofskin,explains.50shortagesareoftentheroot

causeofmanyhairproblems,addsDrAhmed."Iron,vitaminA,vitaminD,vitaminE,etc.—there

aresomanynutrientsinvolvedinhair51Jshesays."It'snotjustgenetics.^^

Ifyou'vegotasweettooth,fbrexample,youmayneedtothinkabout52thesweet

food.Notonlyissugarbadforyourhair,butitcancauseyourbloodsugarlevelstorise

dramatically,which,inmen,canraisethelevelsofthehormoneandrogen(雄性激素)，leadingto

follicle53andpotentialhairloss.

Butdon'tmakethe54ofsubstitutingsugarforartificialsweeteners.Takedietdrinks

thatreplaceprocessedsugarwithartificialsweetenerslikeaspartame,forinstance.Intheir

analysisofaspartame,theUnitedStatesFoodandDrugAdministration(FDA)haslistedhair

thinningandhairlossasoneofthemainsideeffectsof55ofaspartame.

41.A.fitinwithB.makeupforC.copewithD.speedup

42.A.cureB.renewC.identifyD.protect

43.A.harmB.favoursC.justiceD.corrections

44.A.efficientlyB.constructivelyC.generouslyD.fundamentally

45.A.inturnB.bycontrastC.forinstanceD.asusual

46.A.participatingB.perseveringC.worseningD.documenting

47.A.dyingB.growingC.cleaningD.thinning

48.A.alteredB.tracedC.suspectedD.stimulated

49.A.proteinB.vitaminC.sugarD.fat

50.A.SleepB.WaterC.NutritionalD.Widespread

51.A.productsB.samplesC.disordersD.cells

52.A.puttingdownB.messingupC.figuringoutD.turningover

53.A.recreationB.damageC.replacementD.disappearance

54.A.useB.prospectC.differenceD.mistake

55.A.disrespectB.undervaluation

C.overconsumptionD.misunderstanding

R答案R41.D42.B43.B44.A45.A46.C47.D48.B49.

D50.C51.C52.A53.B54.D55.C

K解析H

K祥解》这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了高脂肪饮食会加速脱发，并解释了原因。

K41题详析』

考查动词短语辨析。句意：但是日本东京医学和牙科大学（TMDU）研究人员的一项新研究

发现，高脂肪饮食也会加速脱发。A.fitinwith配合；B.makeupfor弥补；C.copewith应付；

D.speedup加速。根据后文“High-fatdietfeedingmakeshairfasterbyreducingHFSCs^^

可知，高脂肪饮食会减少毛囊干细胞，加速脱发。故选D项。

K42题详析』

考查动词词义辨析。句意：在普通健康成年人中，毛囊干细胞（HFSCs）定期更新自己，这

就是为什么你剪头发时头发又长了回来，也就是为什么头发变长了。A.cure治愈；B.renew

更新；C.identify识另!J；D.protect保护。根据后文“whichiswhyyourhairgrowsbackwhenyou

cutitandalsowhyitbecomeslonger”可知，普通的健康成年人的头发剪掉了会再长，即毛囊

干细胞会定期更新。故选B项。

K43题详析X

考查名词词义辨析。句意：然而，与人体内的大多数事物一样，衰老对HSFC没有任何帮助。

A.harm伤害；B.favours支持,特别照顾；C.justice正义；D.corrections纠正。根据后文“As

yougetolder,thestemcellslosetheirabilitytoreproduceasastheyoncedid,leavingthe

hairtothinand/orfallout.”可知，衰老对于干细胞没有帮助，dosb.favours表示"帮助某人"。

故选B项。

K44题详析》

考查副词词义辨析。句意：随着年龄的增长，干细胞失去了像以前一样高效繁殖的能力，导

致头发变薄和（或者）脱落。A.efficiently有效地；B.constructively建设性地；C.generously

慷慨地；D.fundamentally根本地。根据后文“leavingthehairtothinand/orfallout.”可知，随

着年龄的增长，头发变薄和（或者）脱落，毛囊干细胞失去了曾经有效繁殖的能力。故选A

项。

K45题详析X

考查介词短语辨析。句意:在TMDU干细胞生物学系进行的研究中，被给予高脂肪饮食（HFD）

的小鼠更容易产生身体炎症，继而阻碍毛囊再生，导致脱发。A.inturn继而；B.bycontrast

相比之下；C.forinstance例如；D.asusual像往常一样。根据上文“micethathadbeengivena

high-fatdiet(HFD)weremoresubjecttoinflammatory(炎症的)responsesinthebody”可知，被

给予高脂肪饮食的小鼠会产生炎症，继而阻碍毛囊再生，导致脱发。故选A项。

K46题详析H

考查名词词义辨析。句意：令人惊讶的是，在高脂肪饮食的短短四天内，毛囊的恶化可能会

发生，而老年老鼠的问题似乎更严重。A.participating参与；B.persevering坚持；C.