2022年浙江省丽水市大学英语6级大学英语六级测试卷(含答案)

2022年浙江省丽水市大学英语6级大学英

语六级测试卷（含答案）

学校:班级:姓名:考号:

一、l.Writing（10题）

1.Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteashortessay

entitledNatureorNurture.Youshouldwriteatleast150wordsfollowingthe

outlinegivenbelow.

1.有些人认为遗传因素起决定作用；

2.也有人认为环境影响作用更大；

3.你的观点。

2.Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteacomposition

onthetopicAnInvitationLetter.Youshouldwriteatleast150words

followingtheoutlinegivenbelowinChinese:

1.请你以大学校长的名义给校友们写一封10。周年校庆的邀请信，指

出邀请的时间

2.简单介绍学校

3.告诉对方联系方式，表示期待

3.Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteacomposition

withthetitleofAHarmoniousCyberspace,givinganintroductionofthe

advantagesanddisadvantagesofthecyberspace,andsomemeasurestosolve

theproblem.Youshouldwriteatleast150wordsfollowingtheoutlinegiven

belowinChinese:

4.Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteaCampaign

Speech.Youshouldwriteatleast150wordsfollowingtheoutlinegivenbelow.

1.你认为自己具备了什么条件（能力、性格、爱好等）可以胜任学生会主

席的工作。

2.如果当选，你将为本校同学做些什么。

5.Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteashortessay

entitledShouldWePursueMaster'sDegree?Youshouldwriteatleast150

wordsfollowingtheoutlinegivenbelow.

1.有人认为考研是大学毕业生最好的出路

2.也有人持不同意见

3.我的看法

ShouldWePursueMaster'sDegree?

6.Directions:Forthispart,youareallowedthirtyminutestowriteashort

essayentitledPressureinModernLife.Youshouldwriteatleast150words

followingtheoutlinegivenbelowinChinese:

1.现代生活充满压力；

2.压力对人身心的影响；

3.如何缓解压力。

7.Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteathank-you

letteronbehalfofthestudentuniontoacompanywhosponsoredtheschool

footballgame.Youshouldwriteatleast150wordsfollowingtheoutlinegiven

below.

1.代表学生会感谢x公司对校内足球赛的赞助

2.向该公司赠送一份很有纪念意义的礼物

3.表达美好的祝愿，希望该公司继续支持本校的各项活动

AThank-youLetter

8.Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteapassageof

atleast150wordsinthetitleofForeignFastFood.Pleasefollowtheoutline

givenbelow.

1.洋快餐受到了许多人（特别是青少年）的欢迎，这是因为……

2.许多人反对吃洋快餐，是因为……

3.你的观点。

9.1.在大学中，室友之间和睦相处很重要；

2.有些人认为相互体谅是和睦相处的重要途径；

3.你的观点。

10.Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteashortessay

entitledClassSkippinginUniversities.Youshouldwriteatleast150words

followingtheoutlinegivenbelow

1.大学生逃课现象概述

2.大学生逃课的原因和影响

3.我对这一问题的看法

ClassSkippinginUniversities

二、2.ReadingComprehension（SkimmingandScanning）（10题）

ll.BiculturalKids

WhenBrianandCheryBoydwerefirstlookingintoadoptingchildrenfrom

SouthKorea,acounselorattheChildren'sHomeSocietyofMinnesota

warnedthecouplethatiftheychosetoraiseachildfromKorea,"youwillno

longerbeAmericans.YouwillbeKoreanAmericans."TheBoydstookthe

leapandbecametheproudparentsofdaughtersSarah,14,andAnna,11.

TheirhomeisfilledwithKoreanartandartifacts,theyhavetraveledtoSouth

Koreaseveraltimes,SarahtakespartinalocalKoreandancetroupewith

otheradoptedkids,andbothgirlsattend"culturecamp"一aweeklong

summercampinWisconsinwhereyoungKoreanadopteeslearnabouttheir

nativeculture,foodandmusic."Maybewe'vegonealittleoverboard,butwe

feelwedidn'thavemuchofachoice,"saysBrian,"Wewantedourgirlsto

feelconnectedtotheirbirthright."

Therewasatimewhenfamilieswhoadoptedchildrenfromadifferentethnic

orracialgroupwereadvisedtocuttiestothepastandassimilatethe

youngstersascompletelyaspossible.Todayadoptionadvocatesagreethat

embracingthebirthcultureofthesechildrenisvitalforparentsraisingkids

fromaraceorcultureotherthantheirown."Whenyouraiseachildofanother

race,youneedtorealizethatyoubecomeaninterracialfamilyandtomake

useofeverypossibleresourceyoucanfindtointegratewithyourchild'sbirth

culture,"saysCheriRegister,authorofAreThoseKidsYours?Raising

ChildrenAdoptedfromOtherCountries.

Expertsonbiculturaladoptionshavelearnedsuchlessonsfromyearsof

experience.SusanCox,50,whoworksforHoltInternational,theoldest

overseas-adoptionagencyintheUSandtheorganizationthatarrangedher

ownadoptionfromSouthKoreain1956,learnedthemfirsthand.Shewas

adoptedbyOregondairyfarmersMarvinandJaneGourleyintheearliest

waveofbabiesbroughtintoAmericanhomesandheartsaftertheKoreanWar.

TheGourleysdealtwiththeirdaughter'sAsianidentityinawaythatreflected

thethinkingofthetime:theylovedherunconditionallyandencouragedher

tobeagoodAmerican.YetasCoxgrewupintinyBrownsville,questionsof

identityandracewerealwayssimmering（内心充满）justbeneaththesurface

ofherall-Americanchildhood.AlookinthemirrortoldCoxthatshewas

differentfromherparentsandthreeofhersisters,andchildhoodexperiences

emphasizedtheracialisolationfromherlovingfamilyshesometimesfelt."In

anynewsituation,IfeltIalwayshadtoexplainwhoIwasandwhereIwas

from,"sherecalls.

ItwasthesteadyflowoforphanedandabandonedKoreanchildrenlikeCox,

adoptedintoAmericanhomesinthe1950s,thatstartedthetrendoftransracial

adoptionshere.Thenumbershavejumpedsincethen:accordingtoitsrecords,

in2001morethan19,000childrenfromothercountries-afigurethathas

tripledoverthepastfiveyears-wereadoptedintoAmericanfamilies.And

sincelegislationpassedin1995dictatingthatadoptionfromthefoster-care

systembecolor-blind,interestintransracialadoptionhasalsoboomed.

DavidGlotzer,53,aninvestmentadviser,andCharlotteMeyer,49,an

emergency-roomnurse,didn'tsetouttocrossthecolorlinetobecomeparents,

buttheydidn'thesitatetodosowhengiventheopportunitytoadoptAaron,

now11.

DaughterHannah,7,followed,BothchildrenareAfricanAmerican,but

Glotzer,whoisJewishandfromNewYorkCity,andMeyer,aCatholicwho

grewupinPhoenix,Ariz.,saytheirfamilydealswithracialboundariesdaily.

Meyerhadtotakeaclasstolearnhowtobraidandcareforherdaughter'shair

properly,andGlotzersitsontheboardofPACT,thenonprofitagencybased

inSanFranciscothathelpedarrangetheirkids'adoptions.GlotzerandMeyer

alsodecidedtoliveonlyinraciallyintegratedneighborhoodsinOaklandand

Berkeley,Calif.Theyturneddownachan

A.YB.NC.NG

12.WhydouniversitiesusuallyusetheLibraryofCongressClassification

System?

A.Becauseitismorepopularthanothersystems.

B.Becauseitismoremodernthanothersystems.

C.Becauseitismorespecificinarrangingsubjects.

D.Becauseitislessdifficultthanothersystems.

13.

Oneinnovativeproposalproposedbysomeexpertsisprovidingfor

25,000qualifiedundergraduatestudents.

14.Employeeswithoutchildrenareputatadisadvantagebecausetheyalways

havetoforco-workershavingkidstolookafter.

15.

RuthJarvisrecommendsridingonahorseasmuchaspossiblebecauseit

givesyoumoreopportunitiestodiscoverthelocalcultureandgetasenseof

acity'slayout.

A.YB.NC.NG

16.

Manycompaniesencouragetheiremployeesto,withIBMoneof

them.

17.

ThegrowingfascinationwithgenetictestingintheU.S.partlyreflects.

18.Thegreatbiologicplausibilitymakesitpossibletousemicrobicidesand

oral-preventiondrugstopreventHIVinthenext10years.

19.Cross-CulturalCommunicationChallenges

DefinitionofCulture

Weallcommunicatewithothersallthetime—inourhomes,inourworkplaces,

inthegroupswebelongto,andinthecommunity.Nomatterhowwellwe

thinkweunderstandeachother,communicationishard.Justthink,for

example,howoftenwehearthingslike;"Hedoesn'tgetit,"or"Shedidn't

reallyhearwhatImeanttosay.""Culture"isoftenattherootof

communicationchallenges.Ourcultureinfluenceshowweapproach

problems,andhowweparticipateingroupsandincommunities.Whenwe

participateingroupsweareoftensurprisedathowdifferentlypeople

approachtheirworktogether.

Cultureisacomplexconcept,withmanydifferentdefinitions.But,simply

put,"culture"referstoagrouporcommunitywithwhichwesharecommon

experiencesthatshapethewayweunderstandtheworld.Itincludesgroups

thatwearebominto,suchasgender,race,ornationalorigin.Italsoincludes

groupswejoinorbecomepartof.Forexample,wecanacquireanewculture

bymovingtoanewregion,byachangeinoureconomicstatus,orby

becomingdisabled.Whenwethinkofculturethisbroadly,werealizeweall

belongtomanyculturesatonce.

Ourhistoriesareacriticalpieceofourcultures.Historicalexperiences—

whetheroffiveyearsagooroftengenerationsback—shapewhoweare.

Knowledgeofourhistorycanhelpusunderstandourselvesandoneanother

better.Exploringthewaysinwhichvariousgroupswithinoursocietyhave

relatedtoeachotheriskeytoopeningchannelsforcross-cultural

communication.

SixFundamentalPatternsofCulturalDifferences

Aspeoplefromdifferentculturalgroupstakeontheexcitingchallengeof

workingtogether,culturalvaluessometimesconflict.Wecanmisunderstand

eachother,andreactinwaysthatcanhinderwhatareotherwisepromising

partnerships.Oftentimes,wearen'tawarethatcultureisactinguponus.

Sometimes,wearenotevenawarethatwehaveculturalvaluesor

assumptionsthataredifferentfromothers!

?DifferentCommunicationStyles

Thewaypeoplecommunicatevarieswidelybetween,andevenwithin,

cultures.Oneaspectofcommunicationstyle,islanguageusage.Across

cultures,somewordsandphrasesareusedindifferentways.Forexample,

evenincountriesthatsharetheEnglishlanguage,themeaningof"yes"varies

from"maybe,I'llconsiderit"to"definitelyso,"withmanyshadesinbetween.

Anothermajoraspectofcommunicationstyle,isthedegreeofimportance

giventonon-verbalcommunication.Non-verbalcommunicationincludesnot

onlyfacialexpressionsandgestures;italsoinvolvesseatingarrangements,

personaldistance,andsenseoftime.Inaddition,differentnormsregarding

theappropriatedegreeofassertivenessincommunicatingcanaddtocultural

misunderstandings.Forinstance,somewhiteAmericanstypicallyconsider

raisedvoicestobeasignthatafighthasbegun,whilesomeblack,Jewishand

ItalianAmericansoftenfeelthatanincreaseinvolumeisasignofanexciting

conversationamongfriends.Thus,somewhiteAmericansmayreactwith

greateralarmofalouddiscussionthanwouldmembersofsomeAmerican

ethnicornon-whiteracialgroups.

?DifferentAttitudesTowardConflict

Someculturesviewconflictasapositivething,whileothersviewitas

somethingtobeavoided.IntheU.S.,conflictisnotusuallydesirable;but

peopleoftenareencouragedtodealdirectlywithconflictsthatdoarise.In

fact,face-to-facemeetingscustomarilyarerecommendedasthewaytowork

throughwhateverproblemsexist.Incontrast,inmanyEasterncountries,open

conflictisexperiencedasembarrassingordemeaning;asarule,differences

arebestworkedoutquietly.Awrittenexchangemightbethefavoredmeans

toaddressthe

A.YB.NC.NG

20.Jobs

Apersonplanningforacareertodaymustlookcarefullyattheexpected

occupationaltrendsandchangesinthejobmarket.Affectingtheeconomyare

changesinthesize,age,anddistributionofthepopulation,aswellas

developmentsintechnology.Thesechangesalsoaffectemployment

opportunities.Forexample,anagingpopulationhasincreasedtheneedfor

medicalcareandotherhealthservices.Computertechnologyhasnotonly

eliminatedorchangedthenatureofmanyjobsbutalsocreatednew

occupations.Byanalyzingthechangingeconomyandthefactorscausing

thesechanges,apersoncanforecast,orpredictfuturetrendsinemployment.

ANewLaborForce

TheUnitedStateslaborforcethetotalnumberofpeopleovertheageof16

whoareemployedorareactivelyseekingworktotaled127millionin1992.

Bytheyear2005,thelaborforceisexpectedtoreach151million,anincrease

of19%.Thisincreaserepresentsaslightslowdowninthegrowthofthelabor

forcecomparedwithgrowthduringtheprevious13-yearperiod,1979-1992.

TheslowdownislargelyduetoslowerpopulationgrowthintheUnitedStates.

TheU.S.laborforcewillbecomemorediverseby2005,whitenonHispanic

menmadeupaslightlysmallerproportionofthelaborforcethanin1992,

whilewomenandminoritygroupmemberswillmakeupalargershare.

Between1992and2005,blacks,Hispanics,Asians,andotherethnic（种族的）

groupswillaccountforroughly35%ofallpeopleenteringtheworkforce.In

addition,womenwillcontinuetojointhelaborforceingrowingnumbers.In

1979,womenmadeup42%ofthelaborforce.By2005,theirshareis

expectedtobe48%.

Theagemake-upoftheU.S.populationwillchangefrom1992to2005.There

willbeasmallerproportionofchildrenandteenagersandalargerproportion

ofmiddle-agedandolderpeople.Thedeclineintheproportionofchildren

andteenagersreflectsthelowerbirthratesofthe1980sand1990s.Thelarge

increaseinthemiddle-agedpopulationreflectstheagingofthebabyboom

generation-peopleborn

between1946and1964.Therapidgrowthoftheolderpopulationreflects

boththehighbirthratesbeforethe1930sandimprovementsinmedical

technologythatareallowingAmericanstolivelonger.

Thechangingagemake-upoftheU.S.populationwilldirectlyaffect

tomorrow'sworkforce.Youngpeopleage16to24areexpectedtomakeup

roughlythesamepercentageofthelaborforcein2005astheydidin1992.

However,thepercentageofworkersage25to34willdeclinedramatically,

from28%to21%.Thebabyboomgenerationwillcontinuetoaddmembers

totheworkforce,buttheirsharewilldeclineslightly.Themoststriking

changewillbealargeincreaseinthepercentageofworkersbetweentheages

of45and54.Theseworkerswillaccountfor24%ofthelaborforcein2005,

upfrom18%in1992.Workersinthisagegroupusuallyhavemore

employmentexperiencethanyoungerworkers.Thus,employerswillbeable

tochoosefromalargerpoolofexperiencedapplicants,peopleseekingjobs,

incomingyears.

Education:APrerequisite(先决条件)forEmployment

Theeducationlevelofthelaborforcehasrisendramaticallyinrecentyears.

In1980,forexample,19%ofallworkersage25andolderhadcompleted

fouryearsofcollege.In1992,27%hadabachelor'sdegreeorhigher.The

trendtowardhighereducationalachievementisexpectedtocontinue.

From1992to2005,employmentgrowthwillbefasterforoccupations

requiringhigherlevelsofeducationortrainingthanforthoserequiringless.

Managerial,professional,andtechnicalpositionswillmakeupanincreasing

proportionofnewjobsthatbecomeavailable.Manyoftheoccupations

projectedforgrowingmostrapidlyarethosewithhigherearnings.

Officeandfactoryautomation,changesinconsumerde

A.YB.NC.NG

三、3.ListeningComprehension(10题)

21.(35)

A.Mountainclimbing.B.Rockclimbing.C.Hiking.D.Fishing.

22.(22)

A.He'sfulfilledhisgraduationrequirements.

B.Hewantstochangehisfieldofstudy.

C.Heneedstogetbettergrades.

D.Heneedstoearnagraduatedegree.

23.(41)

24.[B2]

25.听力原文：W:Oh,hi,Daniel.(19)Areyougoingtothein-servicegaining

today?

M:Youbet.Imissedthetrainingsessionlastmonth,soIhavetobesureto

makethisone.Aren'tyouexcitedabouttheprogram?

W:Notreally.(19)(20)BeforeIbecameanurseIdroveanambulanceand

hadalotofemergencymedicaltraining.Practicingbasicfirstaidtechniques

isakindofboringforme.

M:WellIcanunderstandthat.Butyouknow,it'samazinghowquicklyyou

getoutofpractice.(21)Asnursesinahospital,wehaveallthefancy

equipmentformedicalemergencies-andplentyofdoctorsaround,sowe

hardlyevergetachancetopracticebasictechniques.They'rereallyeasyto

forget.Andyouknowthatpracticemakesperfect.

W:Icanseeyourpoint,anditneverhurtstoreviewwhatyou'realready

supposedtoknow.Bytheway,who'steachingtheclassthistime?

M:Dr.Huston.She'sthenewemergencyroomphysician.

W:Well,shecertainlyoughttoknowwhatshe'stalkingabout.I'veheardshe's

areallygoodsurgeon.

M:That'sright.I'vebeentakingcareofsomeofthepatientssheworkedon,

andtheyallthinkhighlyofher.

W:Whenareyougoingtoheadovertotheclassroom?

M:Immediately.I'mjustonmywaythere.Doyouwanttowalkovertogether?

W:Thatsoundsgoodtome.Let'sgoandprepareforthetraining.

(20)」「

A.Atadentistoffice.

B.Inaschool.

C.Inanambulance.

D.Atahospital.

26.

[B3]

27.(29)

A.Haveagreatersenseofduty.

B.Cangethigherpay.

C.Canavoidworkinghard.

D.Canavoidbusytraffic.

28.

[B7]

29.(32)

A.Thefrustrationboughtonbyinabilityofpeople.

B.Theearlierarrivalofthefuture.

C.Thedisorientationcausedbyreality.

D.Thewidespreaddiseaseprevailingintheworld.

30.SectionC

Directions:Inthissection,youwillhearapassagethreetimes.Whenthe

passageisreadforthefirsttime,youshouldlistencarefullyforitsgeneral

idea.Whenthepassageisreadforthesecondtime,youarerequiredtofillin

theblanksnumberedfrom36to43withtheexactwordsyouhavejustheard.

Forblanksnumberedfrom44to46youarerequiredtofillinthemissing

information.Fortheseblanks,youcaneitherusetheexactwordsyouhave

justheardorwritedownthe

听力原文：TodayIwanttohelpyouwithastudyreadingmethodknownas

SQ3R.Thelettersstandforfivestepsinthereadingprocess.Survey,Question,

Read,Review,Recite.Eachofthestepsshouldbedonecarefullyandinthe

ordermentioned.

Inallstudyreading,asurveyshouldbethefirststep：Surveymeanstolook

quickly.Instudyreadingyouneedtolookquicklyattitles,wordsindarker

orlargerprint,wordswithcapitalletters,illustrations,andcharts.Don'tstop

toreadcompletesentences.Justlookattheimportantdivisionsofthe

materials.

Thesecondstepisquestion.Trytoform,questionsbasedonyoursurvey.Use

thequestionwordswho,what,when,where,whyandhow.

Nowyouarereadyforthethirdstep-Read.Youwillbereadingthetitlesand

importantwordsthatyoulookedatinthesurvey.Butthistimeyouwillread

theexamplesanddetailsaswell.Sometimesitisusefultotakenoteswhile

youread.Ihavehadstudentswhopreferredtounderlineimportantpoints,

anditseemedtobejustasusefulasnote-taking.Whatyoushoulddo,whether

youtakenotesorunderline,istoreadactively.Thinkaboutwhatyouare

readingasaseriesofideas,notjustasequenceofwords.

Tilefourthstepisreview.Rememberthequestionsthatyouwrotedown

beforeyoureadthematerial.Youshouldbeabletoanswerthemnow.You

willnoticethatsomeofthequestionsweretreatedinmoredetailinthe

reading.Concentrateonthose.Alsoreviewmaterialsthatyoudidnotconsider

inyourquestions.

Thelaststepisrecite.Trytoputthereadingintoyourownwords,summarize

iteitherinwritingororally.

TodayIwanttohelpyouwithastudyreadingmethodknownasSQ3R.The

lettersstandforfivestepsinthereading(36).Survey,Question,Read,

Review,Recite.Eachofthestepsshouldbedonecarefullyandintheorder

mentioned.

Inallstudyreading,asurveyshouldbethefirststep:Surveymeanstolook

quickly.Instudyreadingyouneedtolookquicklyattitles,wordsindarker

orlargerprint,wordswith(37)letters,(38)andcharts.Don't

stoptoreadcompletesentences.Justlookattheimportant(39)ofthe

materials.

Thesecondstepisquestion.Trytoform,questionsbasedonyoursurvey.Use

thequestionwordswho,what,when,where,whyandhow.

Nowyouarereadyforthethirdstep-Read.Youwillbereadingthe

(40)andimportantwordsthatyoulookedatinthe(41).But

thistimeyouwillreadtheexamplesand(42)aswell.Sometimesitis

usefultotakenoteswhileyouread.Ihavehadstudentswho(43)to

underlineimportantpoints,anditseemedtobejustasusefulasnote-taking.

Whatyoushoulddo,whetheryoutakenotesorunderline,istoreadactively.

(44).“'

Thefourthstepisreview.Rememberthequestionsthatyouwrotedown

beforeyoureadthematerial.Youshouldbeabletoanswerthemnow.

(45).Concentrateonthose.Alsoreviewmaterialthatyoudid

notconsiderinyourquestions.

Thelaststepisrecite.(46).

四、4.ReadingComprehension(ReadinginDepth)(3题)

31.

Accordingtothepassage,.

A.modemeducationhasreachedtheidealconditionoftheequalstart.

B.compulsoryschoolingislegalobligationinallcivilizedcountriesnow.

C.thequickpaceofmodemsocietyharmsthedevelopmentofourchildren.

D.modemcollegesarefarmoredemocraticthantheirprimitivecounterparts.

32.

WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueaccordingtothepassage?

A.Somepeopleregrettheirchoicesoflovepartners.

B.Insomepartnershiporrelationship,heorshetriestocontroltheother.

C.Throughpsychologicaladjustmentandtherapy,onewillfeelsatisfiedwith

love.

D.Partnershipisaschoolfromwhichitisnoteasyforustograduate.

33.

Accordingtopoliticians,whenchildrencommitcrimes,theyshouldbetreated

inthesamewayas

五、5.ErrorCorrection©题）

34.

[S3]

35.

[S7]

36.

[S4]

六、6.ErrorCorrection©题）

37.

[S6]

38.Theterm"FurtherEducation"isthenamegiven,inBritain,toavery

broadanddiverserangeofpost-schooleducation.Someisfull-time,someis

part-timeandsomeishalf-and-halfwithperiodsatcollegealternatewith

periods[SI]

atwork.Thereisalsoavastandvariedprovisionofeveningclasses.For

manyolderpeople,eveningstudywastheonlywayWheretheycouldpursue

[S2]______

theireducationandtheythinkoftheinstitutionthatprovideditas"Night[S3]

school".

Nowadays,however,theopportunitiesforFurtherEducationatalllevels

andforallagesaremanifold.Thecourseprovidedrangefromthemost[S4]

elementary,directlyvocationally-orientedkind,andthoseatdegreelevelor

[S5]______

beyond.Theyareprovidedinawidelysetofinstitutions.Themajorityofthe

lowerlevelcourses,relatingmainlytoapprenticeshipschemesand

qualifications,

providedinCollegesofFurtherEducation.Middlelevelcoursesare[S6]

offeredinTechnicalCollegeswiththosehavingagoodshareoflessadvanced

[S7]______

workbeingcalled"Collegesoftechnology".Thegreatbulkofdegreelevel

studiesareundertakeninthePolytechnics.Buttherearethenumberof[S8]

specializedcollegessuchastheLondonCollegeofPrinting.Infact,veryfew

of

thebroaddivisionshereareclear-cut;andthereislittleoverlapping.[S9]

Whateverarethetypesofestablishmentandtheirrangeofeducational

provision,mostofthelocalinhabitantswillprobablyrefertothemfor"the

[S10]______

Techs".TheTechshaveplayedanimportantpartinBritisheducationalhistory

andtheirrolewillbenolessimportantinthefuture.

[SI]

39.Povertyexistsbecauseoursocietyisanunequalone,andtherearc

powerful

politicalpressurestokeepitthatway.Anyattempttoredistributingwealth

andincome[Si]

intheUnitedStateswillinevitablybeopposedbypowerfulmiddleandupper

classinterests.Peoplecanberelativelyrichonlyifyouarerelativelypoor,

andas[S2]

powerismainlyinthehandsoftherich,publicpoliciesreflecttheirinterests

than[S3]

thoseofthepoor.

AsMr.HerbertGanshaspointedout,povertyisactuallyfunctionalfromthe

pointofviewofthenon-poor.Povertyensuresthatdirtyworkgetsdoing.If

there[S4]

werenopoorpeopletoscrubfloorsandemptybedpan,thesejobswillhave

tobe[S5]

rewardedwithhighincomesbeforeanyonewouldtouchthem.Poverty

createsjobs

formanyofthenon-poor,suchaspoliceofficers,welfareworkers,and

government

bureaucrats.Povertymakeslifeeasierfortherichbyprovidingthemwith

cookers,[S6]

gardeners,andotherworkerstoperform,basicchoreswhentheiremployers

enjoymore[S7]

pleasurableactivities.Povertyprovidesamarketformoreinferiorgoodsand

[S8]______

service,suchasday-oldbread,run-downautomobilesortheadviceof

competent[S9]

physiciansandlawyers.Povertyalsoprovidesagroupthatcanbemadeto

absorb

thecostsofchange.Itisjustthatpovertyisaninevitableoutcomeofthe

American

economicsystem,inwhichthepoorarepoliticallypowerlesstoinfluenceor

change.[S10]

[SI]

参考答案

1.NatureorNurture?Todaythewayweconsiderhumanpsychologyand

mentaldevelopmentisheavilydeterminedbythegeneticsciences.Wenow

understandtheimportanceofinheritedcharacteristicsmorethaneverbefore.

Yetwearestillunabletodecidewhetheranindividual'spersonalityand

developmentaremoreinfluencedbygeneticfactors(nature)orbythe

environment(nurture).Researchrelatingtoidenticaltwinshashighlighted

howsignificantinheritedcharacteristicscanbeforanindividual'slife.But

whetherthesecharacteristicsareabletodevelopwithinthepersonalityofan

individualsurelydependsonwhetherthecircumstancesallowsucha

development.Itseemsthattheexperienceswehaveinlifeareso

unpredictableandsopowerfulthattheycanboostorover-rideother

influencesandthereseemstobeplentyofresearchfindingstoconfirmthis.

Myownviewisthatthereisnoonemajorinfluenceinaperson'slife.Instead

thetraitsweinheritfromourparentsandthesituationandexperiencesthat

weencounterinlifeareconstantlyinteracting.Itistheinteractionofthetwo

thatshapesaperson'spersonalityanddictateshowthatpersonalitydevelops.

Ifthiswerenottruewewouldbeabletopredictthebehaviorandcharacterof

apersonfromthemomenttheywereborn.InconclusionIdonotthinkthat

eithernatureornurtureisthemajorinfluenceonapersonbutthatbothhave

powerfuleffects.NatureorNurture?Todaythewayweconsiderhuman

psychologyandmentaldevelopmentisheavilydeteminedbythegenetic

sciences.Wenowunderstandtheimportanceofinheritedcharacteristicsmore

thaneverbefore.Yetwearestillunabletodecidewhetheranindividual's

personalityanddevelopmentaremoreinfluencedbygeneticfactor