非谓语动词复习

非谓语动词复习一、非谓语动词概述

非谓语动词：是动词的特殊形式，在句子中可以充当谓语动词外的成分。

1.什么是谓语动词？什么是非谓语动词？谓语动词：在句子中充当谓语的动词谓语动词体现形式被动式am/is/aredonewas/weredonewillbedoneam/is/arebeingdonewas/werebeingdonehave/hasbeendonehadbeendonecanbedone主动式do/does/am/is/aredid/was/werewilldoam/is/aredoingwas/weredoinghave/hasdonehaddonecando2.非谓语动词在句子中的作用一个句子中已存在一个主句（含谓语动词），又没有连词的情况下，再出现一个动词则用非谓语动词。eg.1.Shegotoffthebus,butshe________(leave)herhandbagontheseat.2.Shegotoffthebus,________(leave)herhandbagontheseat.leftleaving判断下列划线动词是谓语动词还是非谓语动词(1)Wefoundthegirlsittinginthearmchair.(2)Thestudentswentintothehall,following

theirteacher.(3)Themeetingheldyesterdaywasofgreatimportance.(4)Shesatatthewindow,readingamagazine.(5)Workhardandyouwillsucceed._____谓语_____非谓语____谓语_______非谓语____非谓语____谓语___谓语______非谓语____谓语_________并列谓语找出下面文章中的谓语动词

TheXi’anCityWallisthemostcompletecitywallthathassurvivedChina’slonghistory.ItwasbuiltoriginallytoprotectthecityintheTangdynastyandhasnowbeencompletelyrestored(修复).Itispossibletowalkorbiketheentire14kilometers.

WeaccessedthewallthroughtheSouthGate.Thewallis12metershighandfromhereyoucanseestreamsofpeoplemovinginsideandoutsidetheCityWall.____________________________________________________________________________

Afterspendingsometimelookingatallthedefensiveequipmentatthewall,wedecideditwastimeforsomeactionandwhatbetterthantorideonapieceofhistory!

WehiredourbikesfromtherentalplaceattheSouthGate.Mybikewasoldandshakybutdidthejob.Ittookusabout3hourstogoallthewayaroundtheXi’anCityWall.Supposedlyyoucandoitintwohours,butwestoppedatthedifferentgatesandwatchtowerstotakepicturesorjusttowatchthelocalpeoplegoingabouttheirdailyroutines.__________________________________________3.非谓语动词的种类：

不定式(todo)、动名词(doing)、分词（现在分词doing、过去分词done）4.非谓语动词的三种最基本形式：todo:

doing:

done:主语、宾语、表语表具体行为/内容；定语表将来；状语表目的、原因、结果补足语表将来动名词：主语/宾语/表语表习惯/经常性行为、定语表功能、用途现在分词:作表语、定语、状语、补足语表主动、进行作表语、定语、状语、补足语表被动、完成找出下面文章中的非谓语动词

TheXi’anCityWallisthemostcompletecitywallthathassurvivedChina’slonghistory.ItwasbuiltoriginallytoprotectthecityintheTangdynastyandhasnowbeencompletelyrestored(修复).Itispossibletowalkorbiketheentire14kilometers.

WeaccessedthewallthroughtheSouthGate.Thewallis12metershighandfromhereyoucanseestreamsofpeoplemovinginsideandoutsidetheCityWall.______________________________

Afterspendingsometimelookingatallthedefensiveequipmentatthewall,wedecideditwastimeforsomeactionandwhatbetterthantorideonapieceofhistory!

WehiredourbikesfromtherentalplaceattheSouthGate.Mybikewasoldandshakybutdidthejob.Ittookusabout3hourstogoallthewayaroundtheXi’anCityWall.Supposedlyyoucandoitintwohours,butwestoppedatthedifferentgatesandwatchtowerstotakepicturesorjusttowatchthelocalpeoplegoingabouttheirdailyroutines.____________________________________________5.非谓语动词的各种形式：

todo

doing

todotobedone(被动式)tobedoing(进行式)tohavedone(完成式)tohavebeendone(完成被动式)doingbeingdone(被动式)havingdone(完成式)havingbeendone(完成被动式)done只有一种形式注意：否定时一律将not放于非谓语动词前。

二、非谓语动词的用法比较（一）非谓语动词语法功能比较主谓宾表定状补todo不定式doing动名词doing现在分词done过去分词√√√√√√√√√√√√√√√√√√一、不定式可充当成分:主语,宾语,表语,定语,状语,补足语.1.Toseeistobelieve.()()2.Hewantstofinishhishomeworkontime.()3.Mydreamistogotoakeyuniversity.

()4.Heisthefirsttocometoourclassroom.()5.Ihavealotofthingstodo.()6.Iamgladtomeetyou.()7.Tofinishthework,hehadtoworkharder.()8.

Itriedthedoor,onlytofinditlockedinside.

()9.Myteacheraskedme

togothereontime.

()10.Shewasconsidered

tohavestolenthemoney.

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)主语表语宾语表语定语定语秒杀句型：be+adj.+todo原因状语常放在表示心理感觉的形容词后目的状语结果状语宾补主补表具体、短暂的动作不定式(短语)作主语，谓语动词用单数（跟系动词后，说明主语的内容或性质

)条件结果表将来注：被修饰的名词之前如有序数词，则通常用不定式作后置定语。相当于用inorder(not)to，soas(not)to引导的目的状语.常用enoughto，onlyto，neverto，so+形容词/副词+asto,such+名词…astodo引导。表将来表将来表将来

不定式运用口诀本领最多不定式，主、宾、表、定、状、补。样样成分都能干，只有谓语它不敢。大家千万要当心，有时它把句型改，作主宾时用“it”,自己在后把身藏。七个感官三使役，宾补要把to甩开；疑问词后接上它，宾语从句可充当；逻辑主语不定式，不定式前forsb.;to前not是否定，各种用法区别开。不定式在七个感官动词see,watch,notice,observe,lookat;hear,listento,feel,find,

三个使役动词let,have,make等后作宾补时,to要省略口诀：五看三使两听一感觉1.不定式作主语变形注意：Itis+adj+forsbtodosth.Itis+adj.+ofsb.todosth.比较：表示人的品质时只能用ofsb，

如：considerate/kind/nice/foolish/stupid/rude/cruel/wise/clever/brave/selfish/crazy/good/careful/careless/impolite/right/wrong等单词出现时。Itissillyofyoutosayso.ItisimportantforustolearnEnglishwell.2.不定式作宾语记忆口诀：动词不定作宾语，期希渴欲承担起；愿望碰巧又出现，假装安排不拒绝；准备计划却失败，好像提供又犹豫；企图要把目标证，爱恨要求作选择。expect,hope,desire/long,affordwish,happen,appearpretend,arrange,refuseprepare,plan,failseem,offer,hesitatetry/attempt,want,aim,provelove/like,hate,demand/ask,choose/decide用所给词适当形式填空。1.Hewants________(go)withme.2.Tomoftenhelpme____________(water)theflowers.3.Ihope________(see)youinmybirthdayparty.4.Mywishis________(have)ahouseofmyown.5.Myfather

wouldrather________(stay)athome.6.Ourteachertellsus____________(notgo)out.7.________(live)meanstocreate.生活的意义在于创造8.Pleaseaskher________(call)metonight.9.Wedon’tallowanybody__________(smoke)inthisroom.10.Shealwaysmakesme_________(wait)forher.11.Heisalwaysthefirst_________(come).12.Theproblemisdifficult__________(solve).togo(to)watertoseetohavestaynottogoTolivetocalltosmoke

waittocometosolve二、动名词充当成分:

主语宾语表语定语动名词句法功能Listeningtomusicismyhobby.()It’snousewaitinghere.()Myhobbyislisteningtomusic.()Ienjoylisteningtomusic.()Thisisateachingplan.()主语主语表语宾语定语动名词作主语表抽象的概念性的动作，可以是习惯性经常性行为Itis+adj./(no+)n.+doingsth.

adj.:useless,senseless,pointless,valueless

n:no+use/good/sense/point/value/pleasure说明主语的内容动名词作主语，谓语用单数作定语说明被修饰词的性质、特征或用途,=“名词+for+动名词”。=aplanforteaching习惯性经常性行为接动名词作宾语动词记忆口诀1.考虑建议盼原谅，2.承认推迟和想象，3.避免错过继续练，4.否认完成停享赏，5.禁止想象才冒险，6.不禁介意准逃亡，7.难以忍受始反对，8.想要成功坚持忙；9.习惯放弃有困难，10.导致专心防道歉。1.consider,suggest/advise,lookforwardto,excuse,pardon2.admit,delay/putoff,fancy3.avoid,miss,keep/keepon,practise4.deny,finish,stop,enjoy/appreciate5.forbid/ban/prohibit,imagine,risk6.can’thelp/can'tstop,mind,allow/permit,escape7.can'tstand/can'tbear,setabout,objectto8.feeklike,succeedin,insiston,bebusyin9.getusedto/beaccustomedto,giveup,havedifficulty/trouble/ahardtime(in)doing10.leadto/resultin,devoteto,prevent/stop/keep...from,aplogizefor2.动名词的时态和语态IamusedtowatchingTVintheevening.Sheregretnothavingstudiedthecomputerhard.Hisbeinglookeddownuponmadehimsick.Ican'treallystandbeingtreatedlikethat.用所给词的适当形式填空。1.Heusedto_______(get)up

at7am,butnowhehasgotusedto__________

(wake)

upbefore6am.2.Ican’timagine_______(live)withsomeonewhoneverstops________(talk).3.Isthereanythingworth_________(buy)?4.It’snogood_______(talk)behindothersabouttheirprivatethings.5.Ifeellike_______(ski)throughtheforest.6.Thebasketballplayerpractices_________(shoot)everyday.7.Icouldn’thelp________(make)apologieswhenIrealizedIhadcausedhimalotoftrouble.getwakinglivingtalkingbuyingtalkingskiingshootingmaking三、分词现在分词与过去分词.充当成分:宾语补足语,表语,定语,状语.三、现在分词充当成分:定语,表语,状语,宾语补足语.（一）现在分词1.theboilingwater.正沸腾的水

(

)2.agood-lookingflower.一朵好看的花儿()3.adevelopingcountry一个发展中国家()4.anexcitingvoice一个令人兴奋的声音()5.apuzzlingexpression一个令人困惑的表情()6.Thefilmismoving.()7.Walkinginthestreet,Icameacrossanoldfriend.()=WhenIwaswalkinginthestreet,Icameacrossanoldfriend.8.I’msorrytohavekeptyouwaitingsolong.()anexcitedvoice一个兴奋的声音apuzzledexpression一个困惑的表情

表正在进行定语定语定语定语定语表语状语宾语补足语表特征表正在进行表特征表特征表特征表主动、进行表主动、进行现在分词可在句中作时间、原因、伴随、条件、结果、方式、让步等状语，

相当于对应的状语从句。注意：现在分词作状语的几个特性。①时间性。与谓语动词同时发生，用一般时，如发生在谓语动作之前时则用完成式havingdone。②语态性。与句子的主语之间的关系，是主谓关系或动宾关系。遵循的规则“主动进行，被动完成”。③人称一致性。分词的逻辑主语就是句子的主语。（二）过去分词充当成分:定语,表语,状语,宾语补足语.

developedcountries

发达国家()Themankilledbythedogisherfather.()Thewindowofmyroomisbroken.()Don’tbesodisappointed.()Seenfromthespace,theearthlooksblue.()Deeplymovedbythestory,thechildrenbegantocry.()Theteachercamein,followedbyhisstudents.()Hecouldn’tmakehimselfheard.()（二）过去分词developingcountries

发展中国家(正在进行)Themankillingthedogisherfather.（表主语主观上觉得失望的心理感受）（表主语所处状态）(表已经完成)定语表语表语状语宾语补足语状语定语=Whenitisseenfromspace,theearthlooksblue.状语=Astheyweredeeplymovedbythestory,thechildrenbegantocry.(表被动)

Theteachercamein,followinghisstudents.(表主动)(表被动)

(表被动)

(表被动)

(表被动)

Seeingfromthespace,wecanseeablueearth.(表主动)ThewindowisbrokenbyTom.(被动语态)现在分词和过去分词做定语的区别：现在分词表示主动，过去分词表示被动。现在分词表示进行，过去分词表示状态或完成。[过去分词作状语，修饰谓语，相当于一个状语从句，用来说明动作发生的原因、时间、条件、让步、伴随情况等。其逻辑主语是主句的主语。1)分词短语作状语时，通常与主句中的主语在逻辑上一致，但有时它也可以有自己独立的逻辑上的主语，这种结构称为独立主格结构。如：Hergrandfatherbeingill,shehadtostayathomelookingafterhim.2)跟分词作宾补的动词有：catch,haveget,keep,hear,find,feel,leave,make,want,start,notice,observe,watch,set等3)在复合宾语中，用现在分词作宾补，说明宾语是动作的发出者，形成逻辑上的主谓关系；用过去分词作宾补，表示宾语是动作的承受者，构成逻辑上的动宾关系。非谓语动词的其他考点:1.with的复合结构with+名词+doingtododone1.Withalotofhomeworktodo，Ihavenotimetorest.2.Withtimegoingby，theboyknowsmoreabouthisfriends.Theboywentouttoplaywithallhishomework

finished.3.Witheverythingwellarranged,helefttheoffice.4.Thethiefwasbroughtinwithhishandstiedbehindhisback.2.spendtime/money(in)doingsth.Hespenttwohourfinishinghishomework.4.非谓语动词表示说话人态度、观点的短语(句首)totellthetruth说实话tobehonest/frank老实说/坦白说tomakethingsworse更糟的是considering/seeing/given(that)考虑到，鉴于judgingfrom/by从……来判断generally/strictly/Honestly

speaking一般说来/严格说来/老实说suppose/supposing/imagining/proving/provided(that)假设真题面对面1.(2017全国Ⅰ卷·68)Fastfoodisfulloffatandsalt;by_______(eat)morefastfoodpeoplewillgetmoresaltandfatthantheyneedintheirdiet.2.(2017全国Ⅱ卷·63)Thisincludeddigginguptheroad,________(lay)thetrackandthenbuildingastrongroof…3.(2017全国Ⅲ卷·61)Butunlikeherschoolfriends,16-year-oldSarahisnotspendinghalf-term________(rest).4.(2017全国Ⅲ卷·65)ButSarah,whohastakenpartinshowsalongwithtopmodels,wants________(prove)thatshehasbrainsaswellasbeauty.ea