广东省广州市四校2023届高三年级上册期末联考英语试卷含答案

2023届高三四校联考

英语

本试卷分选择题和非选择题两部分，共8页，满分120分，考试用时120分钟。

注意事项：

1.答卷前，考生务必用黑色字迹的钢笔或签字笔将自己的校名、姓名、考号、座

位号等相关信息填写在答题卡指定区域内，并用2B铅笔填涂相关信息。

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如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其它答案：不能答在试卷上。

3.非选择题必须用黑色字迹的钢笔或签字笔作答，答案必须写在答题卡各题目

指定区域内的相应位置上，如需改动，先划掉原来的答案，然后再写上新的答案:

不准使用铅笔和涂改液。不按以上要求作答的答案无效。

4.考生必须保持答题卡的整洁。

第一部分阅读（共两节，满分50分）

第一节（共15小题：每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中选出最佳选项。

A

Thissummer,maywesuggestswitchingyourphonetoairplanemodeandgettinglostina

book?Itwouldbeagoodideatocurlupinyourfavoritechairwithabookonthebeach.Hereare

fivebrandnewbeachreadsbrimmingwithsunshinesand,romanceandsecret.

OutoftheClearBlueSkybyKristanHiggins

KristanHigginsspinsaheartwarmingandhumoroustaleofanemptynestergoingthrough

somemajorlifechanges.Thenursehasalwaysputothersfirst.Butwhenherson'sdeparturefbr

collegecoincideswithherhusbandleavingher,lifepresentstheperfecttimetotrytogetherself

back.

TheSeaisSaltandsoAmIbyCassandraHartt

CassandraHartt?sdebutyoungadultnoveltakesplaceonthecoastofMaine,inafictional

townerodingintotheocean.Throughdifferentperspectives,thisemotionalandheartfeltstory

unpacksthetrialsofteenagersdealingwithtrust,love,dangeroustides,andgrowingupina

hometownthatmightnotexistfbrmuchlonger.

TheCounselorsbyJessicaGoodman

Whatcouldbebetterthanajuicytaleoffriendsataprestigioussummercamp.Thisfast-paced

youngadultthrillersetatthefictionalCampAlpineLake,willhaveyouturningpagesinsuspense

andfeelingacravingforcampfiresatthesametime.

DogFriendlybyVictoriaSchade

Petlovers,catyourheartout.ThelatestnovelfromdogtrainerandauthorVictoriaSchade

featuresanoverworkedvet,MorganPearce,whoescapestoNantuckettorechargewhiletakingcare

ofherclient'sdog.Unexpectedromanceisinstoreforher.

TheForestofVanishingStarsbyKristinHarmel

Nowavailableinpaperback,theauthortellsaturningnovelaboutawomanwho,after

beingkidnapped,findsherselfisolatedandlivinginthewildernessofEasternEuropeduringWorld

WarII.Inanunexpectedturnofevents,sheissuddenlythrustintoteachingagroupofJewish

peoplewhoescapedNaziGermanyhowtosurviveintheforest.

1.Whoarethesebooksprobablyrecommendedto?

A.Peopletakingaplane.

B.Peopleworkingonthebeach.

C.Peoplegoingonholiday.

D.Peoplelongingtolivebythesea.

2.Whichofthefollowingwouldyouchooseifyoufavourstoriesaboutteenagelife?

A.TheCounselorsandDogFriendly.

B.TheSeaisSaltandsoAmIandTheCounselors.

C.TheCounselorsandTheForestofVanishingStars.

D.OutoftheClearBlueSkyandTheSeaisSaltandsoAmI.

3.Whatdothesebookshaveincommon?

A.Theyaremainlyfictional.

B.Theyareheartwarmingtales.

C.Theyaretalessetincoastalareas.

D.Theyareexploringthesametheme.

【答案】l.C2.B3.D

【1题详解】

推理判断题。根据第一段中"Thissummer,maywesuggestswitchingyourphonetoairplane

modeandgettinglostinabook?Itwouldbeagoodideatocurlupinyourfavoritechairwitha

bookonthebeach.Herearefivebrandnewbeachreadsbrimmingwithsunshinesand,romance

andsecret.（今年夏天，我们是否可以建议你把手机调到飞行模式，沉浸在书中？在沙滩上蜷

缩在你最喜欢的椅子上看书是个好主意。这里有五个全新的海滩读物，充满了阳光、沙滩、

浪漫和秘密）”可推知，这些书是推荐给那些在海边度假的人。故选C项。

【2题详解】

细节理解题。根据小标题TheSeaisSaltandsoAmIbyCassandraHartt下的段落中“Cassandra

Hartt'sdebutyoungadultnoveltakesplaceonthecoastofMaine,inafictionaltownerodinginto

theocean.Throughdifferentperspectives,thisemotionalandheartfeltstoryunpacksthetrialsof

teenagersdealingwithtrust,love,dangeroustides,andgrowingupinahometownthatmightnot

existformuchlonger.（卡桑德拉•哈特的处女作是一部青少年小说，故事发生在缅因州海岸，

一个虚构的小镇被海水侵蚀。通过不同的视角，这个充满情感和发自内心的故事揭示了青少

年在面对信任、爱情、危险的浪潮，以及在一个可能不会存在太久的家乡长大的经历户可知I,

如果你喜欢关于青少年生活的故事，可以看TheSeaisSaltandsoAmIbyCassandraHartto

故选B项。

【3题详解】

推理判断题。根据小标题OutoftheClearBlueSkybyKristanHiggins下的段落中“Kristan

Higginsspinsaheartwarmingandhumoroustaleofanemptynestergoingthroughsomemajor

lifechanges.（克里斯坦,希金斯讲述了一个温暖而幽默的故事，讲述了一个空巢老人正在经历

一些重大的生活变化）“，小标题TheSeaisSaltandsoAmIbyCassandraHartt下的段落中

“Throughdifferentperspectives,thisemotionalandheartfeltstoryunpacksthetrialsofteenagers

dealingwithtrust,love,dangeroustides,andgrowingupinahometownthatmightnotexistfor

muchlonger.（通过不同的视角，这个充满情感和发自内心的故事揭示了青少年在面对信任、

爱情、危险的浪潮，以及在一个可能不会存在太久的家乡长大的经历）”，小标题The

CounselorsbyJessicaGoodman下的段落中“Thisfast-pacedyoungadultthrillersetatthe

fictionalCampAlpineLake,willhaveyouturningpagesinsuspenseandfeelingacravingfbr

campfiresatthesametime.（这部以虚构的阿尔卑斯湖营地为背景的快节奏青少年惊悚片，会

让你在悬念中翻页，同时感觉对篝火的渴望）”，小标题DogFriendlybyVictoriaSchade下的

段落中“Unexpeciedromanceisinstoreforher.（意想不到的浪漫正等着她）”以及小标题The

ForestofVanishingStarsbyKristinHarmel下的段落中“Inanunexpectedturnofevents,sheis

suddenlythrustintoteachingagroupofJewishpeoplewhoescapedNaziGermanyhowtosurvive

intheforest.(在一个意想不到的转折中，她突然被迫去教一群逃离纳粹德国的犹太人如何在

森林里生存)”可推知，这些书有共同的主题，生活中总会遇到一些出乎预料的事。故选D项。

B

Onceonadarkwinter'sday,whentheyellowfoghungsothickandheavyinthestreetsof

Londonthatthelampswerelightedandtheshopwindowsblazedwithgasastheydoatnight,a

Littlegirlsatinacabwithherfatherandwasdrivenratherslowlythroughthebigthoroughfares.

Sheleanedagainstherfather,whoheldherinhisarm,asshestaredoutofthewindowatthe

passingpeoplewithaqueer(strange,odd)old-fashionedthoughtfulnessinherbigeyes.

Principally,shewasthinkingofwhataqueerthingitwasthatatonetimeonewasinIndiain

theblazingsun,andtheninthemiddleoftheocean,andthendrivinginastrangevehiclethrough

strangestreetswherethedaywasasdarkasthenight.Shefoundthissopuzzlingthatshemoved

closertoherfather.

“Whatisit.darling?”CaptainCreweasked,holdinghercloserandlookingdownintoherface.

Duringhershortlifeonlyonethinghadtroubledher,andthatthingwas“theplace“shewasto

betakentosomeday.TheclimateofIndiawasverybadforchildren,andassoonaspossiblethey

weresentawayfromit-generallytoEnglandandtoschool.Shebadseenotherchildrengoaway,

andhadheardtheirfathersandmotherstalkabouttheletterstheyreceivedfromtheml.Shehad

knownthatshewouldbeobligedtogoalso,andthoughsometimesherfather'sstoriesofthevoyage

andthenewcountryhadattractedher,shehadbeentroubledbythethoughtthathecouldnotstay

withher.

Shehadlikedtothinkofthat.Tokeepthehouseforherfather;toridewithhim,andsitatthe

headofhistablewhenhehaddinnerparties;totalktohimandreadhisbooks-thatwouldbewhat

shewouldlikemostintheworld,andifonemustgoawayto“theplace44inEnglandtoattainit,she

mustmakeuphermindtogo.Shedidnotcareverymuchforotherlittlegirls,butifshehadplenty

ofbooksshecouldconsoleherself.

Itwasabig,dull,brickhouse,exactlylikealltheothersinitsrow,butthatonthefrontdoor

thereshoneabrassplateonwhichwasengravedinblackletters:

MISSMINCHIN,SelectSeminaryforYoungLadies.

“Idon'tlikeit,papa,“shesaid."Butthen1daresaysoldiers-evenbraveones-don^reallylike

goingintobattle."Sarastoodquietly,withhereyesfixeduponMissMinchin'sface.Shewas

thinkingsomethingodd,asusual.

4.Whatcanwelearnfromthestory?

A.Sarawasbotheredbyherdeparturefromherfather.

B.SarawasabouttobesenttoLondonforacompletelynewlife.

C.Sarawasthinkingofawaytoescapebeingsenttoaforeigncountry.

D.Sarawaspersuadedtoreceivefurthereducationinaprestigiousschool.

5.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“console“inParagraph6probablymean?

A.entertainB.occupy

C.comfortD.improve

6.WhatdoesSaraprobablythinkofher9futureinthenewplace?

A.Shedidn'tmindlivingwithothergirls.

B.Shehatedtheideaoflivingindependently.

C.Shewaspositiveaboutthenewlifeatschool.

D.Shewasconfidenttoadapttothenewenvironment.

7.Whichofthefollowingwritingskillsisemployedinthetext?

A.TheauthorcomparesSara'sbraverytothatofthesoldiers.

B.Thedescriptionofthesurroundingsistoaddhorrortothestory.

C.TheimageofSaraisdepictedthroughappearanceandlanguage.

D.Bodylanguageisemployedtoshowthecharacter'sstateofmind.

【答案】4.D5.C6.D7.D

【4题详解】

推理判断题。根据第五段第二句话"TheclimateofIndiawasverybadforchildren,andassoon

aspossibletheyweresentawayfromit-generallytoEnglandandtoschool.（E|l度的气候对孩子

们来说非常糟糕，他们很快就被送往英国和学校）”，"Shehadlikedtothinkofthat.Tokeepthe

houseforherfather;toridewithhim,andsitattheheadofhistablewhenhehaddinnerparties;to

talktohimandreadhisbooks-thatwouldbewhatshewouldlikemostintheworld,andifone

mustgoawayto“theplace"inEnglandtoattainit,shemustmakeuphermindtogo.（她喜欢这

样想。为她父亲保管房子；和他一起骑马，在他参加晚宴时坐在桌子的最前面；和他交谈，

读他的书——这将是她在世界上最喜欢的事情，如果一个人必须去英国的“地方”去实现它，

她必须下定决心去）”以及倒数第二段“MISSMINCHIN,SelectSeminaryforYoung

Ladies.（MINCHIN女士，为年轻女士选择神学院）”可知，小女孩必须得去英国接受进一步的

教育，这是父母们所希望的。尽管她不想去，但是这是她做自己想做的事情之前必须要做的

事情。由此可推知，小女孩决定去英国的一个神学院接受进一步的教育。故选D.

【5题详解】

词义猜测题。根据划线单词前面的句子“Shehadlikedtothinkofthat.Tokeepthehouseforher

father;toridewithhim,andsitattheheadofhistablewhenhehaddinnerparties;totalktohim

andreadhisbooks-thatwouldbewhatshewouldlikemostintheworld,andifonemustgo

awayto"theplace'*inEnglandtoattainit,shemustmakeuphermindtogo.（她喜欢这样想。为

她父亲保管房子；和他一起骑马，在他参加晚宴时坐在桌子的最前面；和他交谈，读他的书

—这将是她在世界上最喜欢的事情，如果一个人必须去英国的“地方”去实现它，她必须下

定决心去）”以及划线单词前半句话“Shedidnotcareverymuchforotherlittlegirls（她不太关心

其他小女孩）”可知，小女孩并不想去英国读书，但是她必须要去。在那里她可能不认识其她

的小女孩，但是书可以安慰她寂寞的心灵。故换线单词的意思为“安慰故选C。

【6题详解】

推理判断题。根据最后一段小女孩说的话“"Idon'tlikeit,papa,“shesaid."ButthenIdaresay

soldiers-evenbraveones-don，treallylikegoingintobattle.”（我不喜欢，爸爸，"她说。“但我

敢说，士兵们——即使是勇敢的士兵也不喜欢参加战斗。可知，小女孩虽然不喜欢这个

地方，但是她相信她会像一个勇敢的士兵一样，去克服自己的困难。由此可推知，小女孩有

信心去适应新的环境。故选D.

【7题详解】

推理判断题。根据第二段“Sheleanedagainstherfather,whoheldherinhisarm,asshestaredout

ofthewindowatthepassingpeoplewithaqueer（strange,odd）old-fashionedthoughtfulnessin

herbigeyes.（她靠在父亲的身上，父亲把她搂在怀里，她用一双奇怪的、古怪的、老式的体

贴的大眼睛凝视着窗外的路人户可推知，作者使用了肢体语言，来描述作者现在的心里状态。

故选D。

C

Worryisdefinedasthoughtsandimagesofanegativenatureinwhichmentalattemptsare

madetoavoidtheexpectedpotentialthreats.

Ifweweretokeeparecordofallthethingsweworriedaboutduringagivenperiodoftime,we

woulddiscover,inreviewingthem,thatthegreatmajorityofourexpectedproblemsortroubles

nevercometopass.Thismeansthatmostofthetimewedevotetoworrying,whichpushesustotry

tocomeupwithasolutiontowhatistroublingus,iswasted,Thus,wenotonlycausedourselves

unnecessarymentalpain,buttookupvaluableminutesandhoursthatcould'vebeenspent

elsewhere.

Toavoidthisitisoftennecessarytostaycalmandtracethesourcesofworry.Moreimportantly,

weshouldanalyzethesituationandseewhetheritistheveryproblemthatisbotheringus.Blindly

feelingnervousaboutwhethertheproblemcanbesolvedissometimesridiculous,fortheproblems

donotexist.Once,shortlybeforeamajorconcert,amemberofArturoToscanini'sorchestra

approachedthegreatItalianconductorwithanexpressionoffearonhisface."Maestro（大!1币），"the

musiciansaid,“myinstrumentisnotworkingproperly.IcannotreachthenoteofE-flat.Whatever

willIdo?Wearetobegininafewmoments."Toscaninilookedatthemanwithamazement.Then

hesmiledkindlyandplacedanarmaroundhisshoulders."Myfriend,vhereplied,"Donotworry

aboutit.ThenoteE-flatdoesnotappearanywhereinthemusicthatyouwillbeplayingthis

evening.”

Thenexttimewefindourselvesinthemiddleofworryingaboutsomematters,wemightbe

wisetostopandaskourselveswhattheproblemisandwhetheritwillhappen.Thenwemaybeable

togoontodosomethingmoremeaningfuloratleastavoidbeingdisturbedbysomethingimaginary.

8.Whatdoweknowaboutworryfromthefirsttwoparagraphs?

A.Itrequirespeopletorecordandreviewthetroublelater.

B.Itdrivespeopletotryandstaysafefromanticipatedtrouble.

C.Ifsreferredtoasnegativeideasaboutthingsthatwillneverhappen.

D.Itcausesawasteoftimethatshouldbespentonsolvingtheproblem.

9.TheexampleoftheorchestramentionedinParagraph3istoarguethat.

AthenoteE-flatdoesnotappearinthemusic

B.wronglyanalyzingtheproblemisridiculous

C.it'snotwisetobedisturbedbysomethingimaginary

D.amanofwisdomisabletodealwithlworryeffectively

10.Whatcanbeinferredfromthetext?

A.ArturoToscaniniwasagreatItalianmusicianfromItaly.

B.Worryisdefinedasthoughtsandimagesofanegativenature.

C.Timewastedonworryshouldbespentonsomethingmeaningful.

D.Peoplefeelannoyedbyworrybecauseofpsychologicalproblems.

11.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?

A.Thesourceofworry.

B.Howtodealwithworry.

C.Thedefinitionofworry.

D.Howworryaffectspeople.

【答案】8.D9.C10.C11.B

【8题详解】

推理判断题。根据第一段“Worryisdefinedasthoughtsandimagesofanegativenatureinwhich

mentalattemptsaremadetoavoidtheexpectedpotentialthreats.（忧虑被定义为消极的想法和形

象，在这种想法和形象中，人们在心理上试图避免预期的潜在威胁”和第二段"Ifwewere

tokeeparecordofallthethingsweworriedaboutduringagivenperiodoftime,wewould

discover,inreviewingthem,thatthegreatmajorityofourexpectedproblemsortroublesnever

cometopass.Thismeansthatmostofthetimewedevotetoworrying,whichpushesustotryto

comeupwithasolutiontowhatistroublingus,iswasted,Thus,wenotonlycausedourselves

unnecessarymentalpain,buttookupvaluableminutesandhoursthatcould'vebeenspent

elsewhere.（如果我们把一段时间内我们所担心的所有事情都记录下来，在回顾它们的时候，

我们会发现，我们所预期的问题或麻烦绝大多数都不会发生。这意味着我们花在担忧上的大

部分时间都被浪费了，这些时间促使我们努力想出解决困扰我们的问题的方法。因此，我们

不仅给自己造成了不必要的精神痛苦，还占用了本可以花在其他地方的宝贵的分钟和小

时。）”可知，前两段可以得知，担忧浪费了本应花在解决问题上的时间。故选D。

【9题详解】

推理判断题。根据第三段“Toavoidthis,itisoftennecessarytostaycalmandtracethesourcesof

worry.Moreimportantly,weshouldanalyzethesituationandseewhetheritistheveryproblem

thatisbotheringus.Blindlyfeelingnervousaboutwhethertheproblemcanbesolvedis

sometimesnidicolous,fortheproblemsdonotexist.Once,shortlybeforeamajorconcert,a

memberofArturoToscanini'sorchestraapproachedthegreatItalianconductorwithanexpression

offearonhisface."Maestro（大师），'themusiciansaid,'myinstrumentisnotworkingproperly.I

cannotreachthenoteofE-flat.WhateverwillIdo?Wearetobegininafewmoments.,Toscanini

lookedatthemanwithamazement.Thenhesmiledkindlyandplacedanarmaroundhisshoulders.

'Myfriend,5hereplied,'Donotworryaboutit.ThenoteE-flatdoesnotappearanywhereinIhe

musicthatyouwillbeplayingthisevening.5（为了避免这种情况，通常有必要保持冷静，寻

找担忧的根源。更重要的是，我们应该分析形势，看看是不是问题本身在困扰我们。盲目地

为问题能否解决而紧张有时是可笑的，因为问题并不存在。有一次，在一场大型音乐会上，

阿图罗托斯卡尼尼（ArturoToscanini）乐队的一名成员脸上带着恐惧的表情走近这位伟大的

意大利指挥家。“大师，”音乐家说，“我的乐器不能正常工作了。我唱不到降e音。我该怎

么办呢?我们马上就要开始了。”托斯卡尼尼惊讶地看着这个人。然后他和蔼地笑了笑，把一

只胳膊搭在他的肩膀上。他回答说:“我的朋友，不要为这事担心。降e音在你今晚演奏的乐

曲中是没有出现的。“）”可知，第三段提到提到的管弦乐队的例子为了说明，被想象的东西

打扰是不明智的。故选C。

【10题详解】

推理判断题。根据最后一段“Thenexttimewefindourselvesinthemiddleofworryingabout

somematters,wemightbewisetostopandaskourselveswhattheproblemisandwhetheritwill

happen.Thenwemaybeabletogoontodosomethingmoremeaningfuloratleastavoidbeing

disturbedbysomethingimaginary.（下次当我们发现自己在为某些事情担心时，明智的做法

是停下来问问自己问题是什么，它是否会发生。然后我们就可以继续做一些更有意义的事情，

或者至少避免被一些想象的事情打扰。）”可知，浪费在忧虑上的时间应该花在有意义的事情

上。故选C。

【11题详解】

主旨大意题。根据最后一段“Thenexttimewefindourselvesinthemiddleofworryingabout

somematters,wemightbewisetostopandaskourselveswhattheproblemisandwhetheritwill

happen.Thenwemaybeabletogoontodosomethingmoremeaningfuloratleastavoidbeing

disturbedbysomethingimaginary.（下次当我们发现自己在为某些事情担心时，明智的做法

是停下来问问自己问题是什么，它是否会发生。然后我们就可以继续做一些更有意义的事情，

或者至少避免被一些想象的事情打扰。）“可知，本文主要讲述了如何处理忧虑。故选B。

D

Oneofthemostimportantchangescitiesmustmaketoimprovelifeinthemistoseparate

peoplefromtheircars.Evenwhenyouhaveastrongpublictransportsysteminmovingpeople

betweenpopulationhubs,thelastmile-thatsectionbetweentherailwaystationandsomeone's

home,forexample-canleadtocaruseifit'sconsideredtoofarortoodangeroustowalk.

Theideaofalow-trafficneighbourhood(LTN)-wherecarsarebannedfromquieter4ratruns'

(偏僻小路)tokeepthemonthemajorroutes-hastakenoffinpartsoftheUK.LTNsattemptto

filteroutcarsfromresidentialstreetsusingbollards,camera-controlledgatesorevenplantersfullof

flowersplacedacrosstheroad,whilepedestrians,cyclistsandemergencyvehiclescanstillpass.

AnalysisfbrtheactivetransportcharitySustransfoundthat"drivingamileonaminorurban

roadistwiceaslikelytokillorseriouslyinjureachildpedestrian,andthreetimesmorelikelytokill

orseriouslyinjureachildcyclist,comparedtodrivingamileonanurbanA-road,“andthatheavy

cartrafficinresidentialareascanleadtoariseinsocialisolation.LTNsreducethisdanger,leading

toathree-foldreductionininjuries,andhavebeenshowntoincreasethenumberofvisitorstolocal

businesses.

Alsopopulararee-scooterhiretrials,whicharetakingplaceintownsandcitiesincluding

Middlesbrough,BristolandChelmsford.Thetrialsseegagglesofelectricscootersavailabletobe

pickedupfromstreetcomers.Thescootersarehiredusinganappandthen,oncethey'refinished

with,parkedelsewhereinsidethetrialarea,wherethey'recollectedandrechargedbythehiring

company.ADepartmentofTransportreportone-scooterusefoundtheywere“widelyperceivedto

haveenvironmentalandconveniencebenefits,butsufferedfromcomparisonstochildren'stoys.

Butthat'snotall.Theworld'sfirsthubfbrdemonstratingelectricairtaxisanddronesopened

inCoventryearlierthisyear.Thetaxisanddronesbasedatthehuballtakeoffandlandvertically

likehelicoptersandarebeingusedtotravelshortjourneysordelivercargo.

Weaningusoffourcaraddictionisoneofthemoredifficultbarriersstandingbetweenusand

healthiercities.Thefirststepthatneedstobetakenwillbetotacklethedominanceofthecar.

12.WhatcanwelearnfromParagraphI?

A.Peopleareconsideredreliantoncarstotravel.

B.Publictransportsystemstillneedsimprovement.

C.Pollutionfromcarshasanimpactonpeople'slifequality.

D.Residentialareasareusuallyfarawayfromtherailwaystation.

13.WhatdoweknowabouttheideaofanLTN?

A.It'sawaytoencouragesocialinteractionandlocalbusiness.

B.It'saseriesofmeasurestoreservethestreetstowalkingresidents.

C.Ifsasystemthatemployshightechnologytokeepcarsonthemainroads.

D.It'sapracticeprovedeffectiveinkeepingchildrensafefromtrafficaccidents.

14.Whafsthestructureofthetext?

P=Paragraph

15.What'sthepurposeofthetext?

A.Tocallonreaderstoconstructahealthiercity.

B.lbpromotethelatestdevelopmentsincaralternatives.

C.TDintroducepossiblewaystogetridofdependenceoncars.

D.Toinformcitizensoftechnologicaladvancestotacklesocialproblems.

【答案】12.A13.D14.B15.C

【12题详解】

推理判断题o根据第一段第一句"Oneofthemostimportantchangescitiesmustmaketoimprove

lifeinthemistoseparatepeoplefromtheircars.（为了改善城市的生活，城市必须做出的最重要

的改变之一就是将人们与汽车分开。）“可知，改善城市生活最重要的改变就是将人们与汽车

分开，可见人们出行对汽车很依赖。故选A项。

【13题详解】

推理判断题。根据第三段“AnalysisfortheactivetransportcharitySustransfoundthat"drivinga

mileonaminorurbanroadistwiceaslikelytokillorseriouslyinjureachildpedestrian,andthree

timesmorelikelytokillorseriouslyinjureachildcyclist,comparedtodrivingamileonanurban

A-road,^^andthatheavycartrafficinresidentialareascanleadtoariseinsocialisolation.LTNs

reducethisdanger,leadingtoathree-foldreductionininjuries,andhavebeenshowntoincreasethe

numberofvisitorstolocalbusinesses.（积极交通慈善机构Sustrans进行的分析发现，“与在城

市一级道路上行驶一英里相比，在城市次要道路上行驶一英里，导致儿童行人死亡或严重受

伤的可能性是前者的两倍，而导致儿童骑自行车者死亡或严重伤害的可能性是前者的三倍”，

居民区的汽车交通拥挤可能会导致社会孤立的加剧。LTN减少了这一危险，导致受伤人数

减少了三倍，并已表明增加了当地企业的游客数量。厂可知，LTN使得在次要道路上因交通

工具导致的儿童重伤和死亡人数减少，因此它被证实是使孩子远离交通事故的有效措施。故

选D项。

【14题详解】

推理判断题o根据第一段第一句"Oneofthemostimportantchangescitiesmustmaketoimprove

lifeinthemistoseparatepeoplefromtheircars.（为了改善城市的生活，城市必须做出的最重要

的改变之一就是将人们与汽车分开。）''可知，改善城市生活最重要的改变就是将人们与汽车

分开，可见人们出行对汽车很依赖，本文旨在解决这个问题；根据第二段第一句"Theideaof

alow-trafficneighbourhood（LTN）-wherecarsarebannedfromquieter"ratruns'（偏僻小路）to

keepthemonthemajorroutes-hastakenoffinpartsoftheUK.（低交通量社区（LTN）的想法

已经在英国部分地区流行起来。在这里，汽车被禁止在较安静的“老鼠跑道”上行驶，以保证

它们在主干道上行驶。）“，第四段第一句"Alsopopulararee-scooterhiretrials,whicharetaking

placeintownsandcitiesincludingMiddlesbrough,BristolandChelmsford.（试行电子滑板车租赁

也很受欢迎，目前正在米德尔斯堡、布里斯托尔和切尔姆斯福德等城镇进行。）”和第五段第

一二句"Butthat'snotall.Theworld'sfirsthubfordemonstratingelectricairtaxisanddrones

openedinCoventryearlierthisyear.（但这还不是全部。今年早些时候，世界上第一个演示电

动空中出租车和无人机的中心在考文垂开始营业。）“可知，二，四，五段分别提出一种措施；

根据第三段最后一句"LTNsreducethisdanger,leadingtoathree-foldreductionininjuries,and

havebeenshowntoincreasethenumberofvisitorstolocalbusinesses.（LTN减少了这一危险，

导致受伤人数减少了三倍，并已表明增加了当地企业的游客数量。）”可知，第三段延续第二

段，继续讨论LTN。因此文章结构应该是总分总，第一段总起介绍，第二三段讨论措施一，

第四段讨论措施二，第五段讨论措施三，第六段总结。故选B项。

【15题详解】

推理判断题。根据本文最后一段“Weaningusoffourcaraddictionisoneofthemoredifficult

barriersstandingbetweenusandhealthiercities.Thefirststepthatneedstobetakenwillbeto

tacklethedominanceofthecar.（让我们摆脱对汽车的依赖是我们与更健康的城市之间更困难

的障碍之一。需要采取的第一步是解决汽车的主导地位。）“可知，文章最后作者再次强调要

摆脱对汽车的依赖，而前文几段也提出了三种措施，故可推测本文作者旨在介绍解除汽车依

赖的措施。故选C项。

第二节（共5小题：每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）

根据下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两

项为多余选项。

Peoplerefertoneverforgettinghowtorideabikeorthrowabaseballasexamplesof"muscle

memory”,theresultofamotorlearning.16Itisaphenomenonthatpreviouslytrained

musclesacquirestrengthafteraperiodofdisuse.

Previousresearchhasshownthatthechangesactuallypersistinthemusclesthemselves.Inone

studyofmice,theresultssuggestthatafternucleiinmusclecellsmultiplyinresponsetoanoverload

oftraining,thoseextranucleiaren'tlostduringsubsequentperiodsofinactivity.Onceyouhavegot

additionalnuclei,youarebankingthecapacity.17

Infact,arecentstudyrevealedthatlessthaneightweeksofretrainingwereneededtoreachthe

post-traininglevel.Buthowquicklyyouregainyourformerfitnessdependsonhowfityouwere

initially,howlongthelayoffwas.howoldyouareandhowlongyou'dbeenexercising.

18Itmeansyoustillhaveadistinctadvantagewhenitcomestoregainingyour

formerleveloffitness.Andtheprincipleappliestobothresistancetrainingandendurancetraining.

Thebestwaytoregainyourmusclememoryistostartatalevelbelowwhatyouwereaccustomedto

doing,andthengraduallyincreaseintermsofduration,frequency,thenintensity.19

Ultimately,musclememoryisapayoffforallthepastworkyouputintolearningasport.

20Youwillneverknowhowmuchmusclememoryyoumayhaveuntilyoustarttraining

again.

A.Thebestwaytotapintoitisto“getbackonthehorse”.

B.Physiologists,ontheotherhand,defineitinadifferentway.

C.Thisconvincestheresearchersthatmusclememorymaynotbelonglasting.

D.Thatistosay,wecandothesportsautomaticallywithoutconsciousthought.

E.Itisgenerallysafetoincreasetheseelementsby5percenteveryweekortwo.

F.Itisevidentthatthemoreyouexercise,themoremusclememorysavingsyouwillhave.

G.Allthisnewsaboutmusclememoryisencouragingforthosewhofelloffthefitnessscheme.

【答案】16.B17.A18.G19.E20.F

【16题详解】

上文“Peoplerefertoneverforgettinghowtorideabikeorthrowabaseballasexamplesof

“musclememory”,theresultofamotorlearning.（人们把永远不会忘记如何骑自行车或投掷棒

球作为“肌肉记忆”的例子，这是运动机能学习的结果）”指出人们用举例子的方法给“肌肉记

忆”下定义，下文“Itisaphenomenonthatpreviouslytrainedmusclesacquirestrengthafteraperiod

ofdisuse.（这是一种现象，先前训练的肌肉在一段时间不用后，会获得力量。广是“肌肉记忆”

的定义，由此可知，空处引起下文，指出其他人对肌肉记忆的定义，B项“Physiologists,onthe

otherhand,defineitinadifferentway.（另一方面，生理学家则用不同的方式来定义它。）”指出

生物学家给“肌肉记忆”下了定义，其中“it”代指上文“musclememory”，故选B。

【17题详解】

上文“Onceyouhavegotadditionalnuclei,youarebankingthecapacity.（——旦你有了额夕卜的原子

核，你就是在储蓄能量。户指出有了额外的原子核，你就是在储蓄能量，空处应该承接上文，

指出我们应该如何做才能挖掘出自己