VestibulocochlearOrgan前庭蜗器课件

VestibulocochlearOrgan

前庭蜗器

GeneralFeatures

ThreepartsExternalear

外耳:collectssoundwavesMiddleear

中耳:transmitssoundwavesInternalear

内耳:containingtheorgansofhearingandbalanceExternalEar外耳Auricle耳廓Externalacousticmeatus外耳道Tympanicmembrane

鼓膜

Auricle耳郭

ExternalAcousticMeatus外耳道AslendercanalthatextendsfromexternalacousticporetotympanicmembraneTwopartsCartilaginouspart－lateral1/3Bonypart－medial2/3LinedbyalayerofthinskinThisS-shapedpassagemedially,atfirstforwardandupward,thenbackwardand,finallyforwardanddownwardInbabyhood,itisshorterand

morehorizontalthaninadult

MiddleEar中耳

Tympaniccavity鼓室Auditorytube咽鼓管Mastoidantrum乳突窦

andmastoidcells乳突小房TympanicCavity鼓室Anair-containingcavityinthepetrousportionoftemporalboneandislinedwithmucousmembraneHassixwalls

WallsofTympanicCavity

Roofortegmentalwall

盖壁

Floororjugularwall

颈静脉壁Medialwallorlabyrinthinewall

迷路壁PosteriorWallormastoidwall

乳突壁Anteriorwallor

carotidwall

颈动脉壁Lateralwallor

membranouswall

鼓膜壁WallsofTympanicCavityLateralwallormembranouswall鼓膜壁TympanicmembraneBonylateralwallofepitympanicrecess鼓室上隐窝superiorlyTympanicMembrane鼓膜

Athinovalmembrane,about1cmindiameterLyingobliquelybetweenexternalacousticmeatusandtympaniccavityTwopartsFlaccidpart松弛部:upper1/4Tensepart紧张部:lower3/4,pearlygrayUmbooftympanicmembrane鼓膜脐Coneoflight

光锥outersurfaceofskin,innersurfaceofmucousmembraneNormalappearanceofthetympanicmembraneAcuteotitismediawitheffusion.ThetympanicmembraneisinjectedbutlandmarksarestillclearlyvisualizedAcuteotitismedia.Thetympanicmembraneisbulgingandhyperemic,andyellowpurulentfluidisseeninthemiddleearPerforation,inflammationortrauma鼓膜穿孔（炎症或外伤）WallsofTympanicCavityRoofortegmentalwall盖壁FormedbytegmentympaniSeparatestympaniccavityfrommiddlecranialfossaFloororjugularwall颈静脉壁Narrowthinplateoftemporalboneoverlyingsuperiorbulbofinternaljugularvein

WallsofTympanicCavityAnteriorwallorcarotidwall颈动脉壁

Consistsathinlayerofbonethatseparatestympaniccavityfromcarotidartery

Upperpart:liestwoopeningsUpperopening：semicanalfortensortympanimuscle鼓膜张肌半管Loweropening：semicanalforauditorytube咽鼓管半管WallsofTympanicCavityMedialwallorlabyrinthinewall

迷路壁Promontory

岬Fenestravestibuli前庭窗:coveredbybaseofstapesFenestracochleae

蜗窗:closetedbysecondarytympanicmembrane

第二鼓膜Prominenceoffacialcanal

面神经管凸WallsofTympanicCavityPosteriorwallormastoidwall乳突壁Aditusofthemastoidantrum乳突窦入口Pyramidaleminence锥隆起AuditoryOssicles听小骨

Consistsofchainofthreebones:Malleus锤骨

Incus砧骨

Stapes镫骨

ArticulatebysynovialjointsTransmitvibrationoftympanicmembranetofootplateofstapesinfenestravestibuliMusclesofAuditoryOssiclesTensortympani鼓膜张肌Stapedius镫骨肌AuditoryTube咽鼓管About3.5~4.0cmlong,extendsfromtheanteriorwalloftympaniccavitydownward,forward,andmediallytothenasopharynxTwopartsBonypart:posterolateral1/3Cartilaginouspart:anteromedial2/3FunctionstoequalizeairpressureoneithersideoftympanicmembraneInchildhood,itisshorter,widerandmorehorizontalthaninadultMastoidAntrumandMastoidCells

乳突窦和乳突小房

Mastoidantrum乳突窦

AsmallchamberbetweentympaniccavityandmastoidcellsMastoidcells乳突小房

AseriesofcommunicatingcavitieswithinthemastoidprocessoftemporalboneContinuousabovewiththemastoidantrumandthetympaniccavityInternalEar内耳

GeneralfeaturesLieswithinthepetrousportionoftemporalboneKeycontentsofinternalearBonylabyrinth

骨迷路

Containsperilymph

Membranouslabyrinth

膜迷路IsfilledwithendolymphandcontainsthesensoryorgansBonyLabyrinth骨迷路

Cochlea耳蜗

Vestibule前庭Bonysemicircularcanals

骨半规管Vestibule前庭

HollowbonyspaceContainsutricle椭圆囊

andsaccule球囊InitslateralwallarethefenestravestibuliandfenestracochleaeVestibule前庭

Vestibulacrest前庭嵴Ellipticalrecess椭圆囊隐窝Sphericalrecess球囊隐窝Internalapertureofvestibularaqueduct前庭水管内口Cochlearrecess蜗管隐窝MedialwallofvestibuleBonySemicircularCanals

骨半规管SemicircularductineachCanalatrightanglestoeachotherTwobonycruraineachcanalAmpullarbonycrura壶腹骨脚Bonyampullae

骨壶腹Simplebonycrus

单骨脚Commonbonycrus

总骨脚BonySemicircularCanals

骨半规管

AnteriorbonysemicircularcanalVerticallywiththelongaxisofthepetrousportionoftemporalboneLateralbonysemicircularcanalNearlyhorizontalPosteriorbonysemicircularcanalParallelstothelongaxisofthepetrousportionoftemporalboneCochlea耳蜗Itsomewhatresemblesasnail’sshellCupulaofcochlea蜗顶

FacesanterolaterallyBaseofcochlea蜗底FacesposteromediallyCochlea耳蜗Modiolus蜗轴Osseousspirallamina骨螺旋板Helicotrema蜗孔

contain

cochlearganglion蜗神经节Cochlearspiralcanal

蜗螺旋管

Makestwoandone-halfspinalturnsaroundthemodiolus

Scalavestibuli

前庭阶Scalatympani

鼓阶MembranousLabyrinth膜迷路

Cochlearduct蜗管Utricleandsaccule椭圆囊和球囊Semicircularducts膜半规管MembranousampullaeSacculeUtricleMembranousLabyrinth膜迷路

Cochlear

ductUtricleandSaccule椭圆囊和球囊Utriculosaccularduct椭圆球囊管Endolymphaticduct内淋巴管Endolymphaticsac内淋巴囊Ductusreuniens连合管Utricle椭圆囊Saccule球囊UtricleandSaccule椭圆囊和球囊ContentMacularutriculi椭圆囊斑

Macularsacculi球囊斑Endorgansofbalance,whichrespondtolinearaccelerationanddeceleration,staticofgravitySemicircularDucts膜半规管

ContainedinbonysemicircularcanalsEachducthasamembranousampullae膜壶腹Containingcristaampullaris

壶腹嵴,receptorsofbalancethatrespondtorotationalaccelerationinthreedifferentplanesCochlearDuct蜗管Spinallyarrangedtube,withinofcochleaspiralcanalEnclosedbytympanicandvestibularwallswithscalavestibuliaboveandscalatympanibelow

Vestibularwall(membrane)ofcochlearduct蜗管前庭壁(前庭膜)Tympanicwallofcochlearduct(basilarmembrane)蜗管鼓壁(基底膜)Externalwallofcochlearduct蜗管外壁CochlearDuct蜗管Containsspinalorgan

螺旋器Soundreceptorsliesontympanic(basilar)wallofcochlearductStimulatedbythemovementofendolymphintheduct

声波的传导

Conductionofsound1.airconductionofsound气导：

脑可分为气导和骨导两条途径鼓膜听小骨链前庭窗前庭阶的外淋巴蜗孔螺旋器蜗神经外耳道声波蜗管的内淋巴鼓阶的外淋巴神经冲动

声波外耳道鼓膜鼓室内的空气蜗窗的第二骨膜鼓阶的外淋巴蜗管的内淋巴和螺旋器神经冲动蜗神经脑（听骨链损伤时）2.

Bony-conductionofSound骨导：是指声波直接振动颅骨，引起骨迷路的外淋巴的振动，蜗管内淋巴的振动，进而刺激基底膜上的螺旋器，引起听觉。传导性耳聋：中耳的鼓膜或听骨链的损伤或障碍，引起的听力下降。

神经性耳聋：螺旋器、蜗神经和中枢神经出现病变。Teachingoutline

1.Mastertheposition,featureanddivisionsoftheexternalacousticmeatus,theposition,featureanddivisionsofthetympanicmembrane.2.Masterthecompositionofthemiddleear,thepositionofthet