Unit1HonestyandresponsibilityGrammarandusage课件高中英语牛津译林版选择性

状语从句状语从句功能:状语从句起副词作用,用来修饰句中谓语动词、非谓语动词、定语、状语或整个句子。引导词:一般由从属连词引导,也可由连词词组引导。位于句首或句中时常用逗号与主句隔开,位于句尾时可以,不用逗号。类别:根据其作用可分为时间、地点、原因、条件、让步、结果、方式、目的和比较等从句。状语从句分类时地因条目果比方步时间状语条件状语比较状语原因状语结果状语方式状语让步状语地点状语目的状语一、状语从句的类型及连词从句类型常见连词补充时间状语从句when,as,while,whenever,after,before,till

/until,assoonas,since,once,bythetime,nosooner...than,hardly/scarcely...when,...everytime,themoment,theminute,immediately也可引导时间状语从句一、时间状语从句

(1)when,while和as

when

从句谓语动词为延续性动词或非延续性动词,主从句动作可以同时发生,也可以先后发生。

while

从句谓语动词为延续性动词,强调主从句动作同时发生

as

从句谓语动词一般为延续性动词。主从句动作同时发生或交替进行,意为“一边……,一边…;随着…”.例句：Itwasrainingwhenwearrived.我们到达时,天正在下雨。WhileIwaswatchingTV,thebellrang.我在看电视时,铃响了。Asshegrewolder,shegainedinconfidence.随着年龄的增长,她的自信心增强了。(2)表示“-…就……”的连词、✬

assoonas,themoment,theminute,theinstant,immediately,directly例句：Themomentshesawhim,sheblushedandhurriedlylefttheroom.她一看见他,脸就红了,并慌忙地离开了房间。✬

hardly、scarcely...when...、

barely、nosooner..than...主句用过去完成时,when或than所在从句用一般过去时。Thevoteshadscarcelybeencounted,whenthetelephonerang.选票一统计好,电话就响了(3)before和since

beforeItwillbe/was+一段时间+before.过了多长时间才…Itwon'tbe/wasn't+一段时间+before..没过多长时间就……sinceItis/hasbeen+一段时间+since从句.(常用一般过去时)自从……以来已经多长时间了。例句：Itmaybemanyyearsbeforethesituationimproves.这种状况或许要过很多年才能得到改善。Howlongisitsincewelastwenttothetheatre?我们多久没去看戏了?(4)until/till

Shedidn'tstartthelessonuntil/tillthestudents

settleddown.

直到学生们安静下来,她才开始上课。

【误区警示】until/till用于肯定句,表示“直到……为止”,主句谓语动词应用延续性动词;

notuntil/till表示“直到……才……”not所在主句谓语动词为非延续性动词,until可置于句首。(5)everytime,eachtime,nexttime,thefirsttime,bythetime引导时间状语从句Bythetimeyouhavefinishedthetask,theguestswillgetback.当你完成任务时,客人就回来了从句类型常见连词补充地点状语从句where,wherever,anywhere,everywhere,...

原因状语从句because,since,as,for,nowthat,...seeingthat,consideringthat,inthat也可引导原因状语从句二、地点状语从句

where和whereverThiskindofmedicineshouldnotbeplacedwhereitisaccessibletochildren.这种药品不应该放在儿童拿得到的地方。

Wherevershegoes,therearecrowdsofpeoplewaitingto

seeher.无论她去哪里,都有成群的人等着见她。三、原因状语从句because、since、as、seeingthat(鉴于,由于)、nowthat、inthat(由于)、consideringthat(考虑到,就而论)、inasmuchas(既然,由于)、giventhat(鉴于,考虑到).Sincewehavenomoney,wecan’tbuyit。由于我们没钱，我们不能购买它Seeingthatit’sraining,we‘dbetterstayindoors。鉴于外面在下雨，我们最好呆在屋里。从句类型常见连词补充条件状语从句if,unless,so

/aslongas,onlyif,provided,...if不能用whether替换；onconditionthat,suppose

/supposing(that)也可引导条件状语从句四、条件状语从句

if、unless、providing/providedthat(如果)、supposethat(假如)、incasethat(万一)、onconditionthat(如果)、as/solongas(只要)。Ifyoufailintheexam,youwilllethimdown如果你考试不及格，你会让他失望的。Youcangooutprovidingthatyouhavetofinishyourhomework.你可以出去,条件是你得完成家庭作业。从句类型常见连词补充让步状语从句although,though,evenif

/though,

as...由疑问词+ever构成的复合词，“nomatter+疑问词”以及whether...or也可引导让步状语从句。五、让步状语从句though、although、evenif/though、as、while、nomatter+疑问词,疑问词+ever,whether...or...(无论…还是……).Althoughhwisveryold,(yet)heisquitestrong.他虽然年纪大了，身体还很健壮。

Twopeopleinloveareathomewherevertheyare,nomatterhowoftentheymove.无论在哪里,不管多频繁搬家,两个相爱的人都会过得舒舒服服。从句类型常见连词补充目的状语从句sothat,inorderthat,...谓语动词前常带有情态动词；incase,forfear(that)也可引导目的状语从句结果状语从句sothat,so...that,such...that,...

六、目的状语从句sothat、inorderthat、lest(唯恐;以免),incase、forfearthat(唯恐)、totheendthat(为…起见)Heisworkinghardinordertopasstheexamination.➩heisworkinghardinorderthathecanpasstheexamination.为了考试及格，他正在努力学习。IgotupearlysothatIcouldhaveenoughtimetostudy.我气得很早，目的是有足够的时间看书。七、结果状语从句sothat、so/such...that(如此以至于)、totheextentthat(达到某种程度以至于)、tosuchadegreethat(到如此程度以至于)。Itwassuchagoodfilmthatweallwenttoseeit.电影如此好以至于我们都去看了。

Westartedforthepeakearly,sothatwesawthesunrise.我们很早就动身去山顶,结果我们看到了日出。【对比】目的状语从句中常有can,could,may,might,will,would,should等情态动词。而结果状语从句表示客观事实,谓语动词用陈述语气,从句中常无情态动词。从句类型常用连词补充方式状语从句as,asif/though,...theway,ratherthan也可引导方式状语从句程度状语从句so(that),suchthat,as

/sofaras,as

/solongas,...tothedegree

/extent(that)也可引导程度状语从句比较状语从句than,as

八、方式状语从句as、asif、asthoughas、(just)as…so…Alwaysdototheothersasyouwouldbedoneby.你希望人家怎样待你，你就要怎样待人。Aswateristofish,soairistoman.我们离不开空气，犹如鱼儿离不开水。Helooksasifheisangry.他看上去好像生气了。九、程度状语从句程度状语从句用来表示动作或状态所达到的程度,其连词主要有:sothat、suchthat、as(so)faras、as(so)longas、tothedegree(extent)that、insofaras等。Herheartbeatsothatshecouldhardlybreathe.

她心跳剧烈,几乎都无法呼吸。Hiscourageissuchthatshedoesnotknowthemeaningoffear.他胆子很大,不知道什么叫做害怕。

Aslongasyouneedme,I'llstay.只要你需要我,我就留下。I'llhelpyouasfaras/insofarasIcan.我会尽可能帮助你。常见考点在含状语从句的复合句中，主、从句通常根据实际时间关系来确定动词的时态，但有一点需要注意：在时间状语从句、条件状语从句或由“疑问词-ever”、“nomatter+疑问词”等引导的让步状语从句中，可以用一般现在时表将来。下面就状语从句考点进行归纳总结。地点状语从句where在地点状语从句中，除了指地点外，还可指处境等。由where引导的地点状语从句与定语从句的区别：where引导定语从句时，从句前应有一个表示（抽象）地点或处所的名词作先行词，而状语从句前没有先行词。原因状语从句

引导原因状语从句的常用连词有because,since,as,now(that)等。它们的用法区别是：because语气最强，述说直接原因，说明因果关系，常回答以why开头的问句；since,as和now(that)引导的从句用法相似，表示双方都知道的原因。结果状语从句

so...that和such...that表示“如此……以致于”,so后面接形容词或副词，such后面接名词。但名词前有many,much,few,little这些词修饰时,要用so。“such+a(n)+adj.+单数名词+that”可转换成“so+adj.+a(n)+单数名词+that”。方式状语从句

引导方式状语从句的常用连词有as,asif/though。asif/though引导的状语从句的谓语动词常用虚拟语气，表示与事实相反的假设。如果从句所表达的内容被看作是事实或者有可能是事实时，就要用陈述语气。比较状语从句含as...as...的比较状语从句用在同级比较中,若表否定用notso/as...as...。其中第一个so/as是副词,修饰主句的形容词或副词的原形，后一个as是连词,引导比较状语从句。Amongeverygenerationtherearethosewhoarewillingtobeartheheavyburdenofresponsibilityanddevotethemselvestoworkingforthegoodoftheircountryandpeople.ThegeophysicistHuangDanian,whopractisedcoresocialistvalues,isagoodexample.GrammarHuangwasborninGuangxiin1958.HewenttotheUKin1992toworkonhisPhD.Afterwardshetookajobthereandbecamearespectedexpert.AlthoughhespentmanyyearsintheUK,Huang’sheartneverlefthishomeland.Heknewthatifhecameback,hecouldhelpadvancescienceinChina.Hefeltnotjustadesirebutalsoaresponsibilitytodoso.EventuallyheresignedhispostintheUKandreturnedtoChinatoworkatJilinUniversityinChangchun.HuangwasmadechiefscientistofabranchofChina’slargestdeep-Earthexplorationprogramme.Wastingnotime,Huangworkedinhisofficedayandnight.Whenhehadtogoawayonbusiness,healwayschosethemidnightflightsothathedidnotmissanyworkinthedaytime.Sincehespentsomuchtimeonwork,hewasunabletoseehisfamilyveryoften.Infact,heworkedsohardthathedidnotpayenoughattentiontohisownhealth.Sadly,hefellillwithcancer,buthecontinuedtoworkeveninthehospitalwarduntilhediedin2017attheageofjust58.Huangexcelledwherehewasworkingandmadesubstantialcontributionstohiscountry.HismissionstomaptheworldundertheEarth’ssurfacehelpeddiscovervaluablemineralresourcesandbroughtChina’sknowledgeandtechnologyinthisareaalongsidetheworld’sfinest.1Jake/sothat/he/gotupearly/toexercise/wouldhavetime/beforeclass______________________________________________________________________________2although/theystill/editedthephotos/looked/shehadnot/verygood

_____________________________________________________________________________3he/wenttowork/nothinghadhappened/asif

______________________________________________________________________________4shewas/likedher/herteacher/because/sohard-working_________________________________________________5I/donottellme/when/people/getveryupset/thetruth_________________________________________________6if/youare/be/theywill/nicetootherpeople/nicetoyou_________________________________________________Answer1.Jakegotupearlysothathewouldhavetimetoexercisebeforeclass.2.Althoughshehadnoteditedthephotos,theystilllookedverygood.3.Hewenttoworkasifnothinghadhappened.4.Herteacherlikedherbecauseshewassohard-working