非常齐全又讲解细致的英语成语翻译省公开课金奖全国赛课一等奖微课获奖课件

TheTranslationofIdioms成语翻译武飞胡平陈安梅1/34Whatisaidiom?Idiomsarewords,phrases,orexpressionsthatcannotbetakenliterally.Inotherwords,whenusedineverydaylanguage,theyhaveameaningotherthanthebasiconeyouwouldfindinthedictionary.Everylanguagehasitsownidioms.

2/34IdiomssetphrasesProverbsSayingsEpigramsslangexpressionsColloquialismsquotations固定短语谚语名言，格言警句俚语俗语引语，语录3/34BackgroundinformationIdiomsculture

1.Differencesofcomparison(比喻)中国人常惯用成语“雨后春笋”来形容普通事物快速发展和大量涌现。英语则用justlikemushroom(如同蘑菇一样众多)来形容一样意思。竹子不是英国土生土长植物，甚至连bamboo(竹)这个词也是引进外来语。所以，英国人不可能以竹笋作成语形象来比喻。4/34E.g.Killthegoosethatlaysthegoldeneggs.杀鸡取蛋。Lookforaneedleinahaystack.大海捞针。Likearatinahole.瓮中之鳖。Nosmokewithoutfire.无风不起浪。Agoodconscienceisasoftpillow.日间不做亏心事，夜半敲门心不惊。Neitherfishnorfowl.非驴非马。5/342.Differencesofcustom(风俗习惯)狗对于英国人来说，既能够用来看门或打猎，也可视作人伴侣和爱物。所以英国人对狗普通有好感，惯用来比喻人生活。E.g.：dogone’ssteps跟某人走luckydog幸运儿Loveme,lovemydog.爱屋及乌。Everydoghashisday.凡人皆有得意日子。不过，dog受外来文化影响，有时也含有贬义。比如：Heisinthedoghouse.他名声扫地了。Hewasabitofadoginhisyoungerdays.他年轻时过着花天酒地生活。6/34中国民间即使有养狗习惯，但普通在心理上却厌恶藐视这种动物，惯用来形容和比喻坏人坏事。E.g.：狗胆包天monstrousaudacity狗急跳墙。Acorneredbeastwilldosomethingdesperate.狗嘴里吐不出象牙。Afilthymouthcan’tutterdecentlanguage.7/34直译Literaltranslation意译freetranslation套译equivalenttranslationMeansoftranslationoftheidioms8/341.Literaltranslation直译法指在不违反译文语言规范以及不引发错误联想条件下，在译文中保留英语比喻、形象和民族及地方色彩方法。比如：showone’scards摊牌armedtotheteeth武装到牙齿awolfinsheep’sclothing披着羊皮狼Bloodisthickerthanwater.血浓于水。Arollingstonegathersnomoss.滚石不生苔。Helaughsbestwholaughslast.谁笑在最终，谁笑得最好。9/34I.Literaltranslationstrikewhiletheironishotflowingpastinanendlessstreamtoservelikeadogorahorseaseasyasturningoverone’shandtorackone’sbrainwallshaveearsthestyleisthemancastleintheair趁热打铁川流不息犬马之劳易如反掌绞尽脑汁隔墙有耳文如其人空中楼阁10/34I.Literaltranslationopenthedoortoadangerousfoeaboveaveragebeshamedintoangermisfortunesnevercomesingleaheartofstonefightagainstone’sownmenknowlikethebackofone’shandone’shairstandonend引狼入室出类拔萃恼羞成怒祸不单行铁石心肠同室操戈了如指掌毛骨悚然11/342.Freetranslation在不可能或没有必要用直译法保留英语成语表示形式，而且也找不到对应汉语成语以套用时，就能够配合上下文进行意译，以确保原作思想内容完整性。E.G.：abedofroses安乐窝playagoodgame手法高明atallhazards孤注一掷carryone’sheadhigh趾高气扬raincatsanddogs下倾盆大雨playone’slastcard采取最终伎俩Don’tcrossthebridgetillyougettoit.无须担心过早。12/346.Keepadogandbarkoneself.家有佣人而自己干活；做自己下属应做工作。7.Oneman’smeatisanotherman’spoison.对甲有利未必对乙也有利。8.Letsleepingdogslie.勿惹麻烦。9.Letthingsslide.顺其自然。10.Lieshaveshortlegs.谎言是站不住脚。13/343.EquivalenttranslationEquivalencecanbesaidtobethecentralissueintranslationalthoughitsdefinition,relevance,andapplicabilitywithinthefieldoftranslationtheoryhavecausedheatedcontroversy,andmanydifferenttheoriesoftheconceptofequivalencehavebeenelaboratedwithinthisfieldinthepastfiftyyears.套译就是直接用汉语中一些相对应习语翻译英语习语。在很多情况下，英语习语在汉语中都能够找到在形象上、意义上和文化内涵上都对应对等语。这种方法是最理想译法。14/34II.

套译法makenofigurekeepone’snosecleanmeettroublehalfwaywhat’sdoneisdonelookforaneedleinabundleofhaymakeamountainoutofamolehillneitherfishnorfowlfishintheairbeyondcure深藏不露明哲保身杞人忧天木已成舟大海捞针小题大做不伦不类水中捞月不可救药15/34II.

套译法liveunderone’sroofmakesomeoneturninhisgraveputsomeoneinsb’sshoestospendmoneylikewatertheexperiencedknowstheropestoshowone’struecolorstosetthewolftokeepthesheepamouththatpraisesandahandthatkillsaddinsulttoinjury寄人篱下死不瞑目设身处地挥金似土老马识途原形毕露引狼入室口蜜腹剑落井下石16/34EnglishProverbI.直译法1.Thereisnorosewithoutathorn.

没有不带刺玫瑰。2.Anolddogwilllearnnonewtricks.

老狗学不出新花样。3.Agooddogdeservesagoodbone.

好狗应该得好骨头。4.Badworkmenoftenblametheirtools.

拙匠常怪工具差。5.It’salonglanethathasnoturning.

路必有弯。17/34EnglishProverb6.Hewholaughsatcrookedmenshouldneedwalkverystraight.

笑他人驼背人得自己首先把身子挺直。7.Oneswallowdoesnotmakeasummer.

一燕不成夏。8.Thereisnosmokewithoutfire.

无火不起烟。9.Toomanycooksspoilthebroth.

厨子多了煮坏汤。10.Abirdinthehandisworthtwointhebush.

双鸟在林不如一鸟在手。18/34EnglishProverbII.意译法1.Illnewscomesapace.

好事不出门，坏事传千里。2.Hewhokeepscompanywiththewolfwilllearntohowl.

近朱者赤，近墨者黑。3.Greatmindsthinkalike.

英雄所见略同。4.Wherethereisawill,thereisaway.

有志者事竟成。19/34EnglishProverb5.Destructionpursuesthegreat.

树大招风6.Hewhoknowsmostspeaksleast.

大智若愚7.Putthecartbeforethehorse.

本末倒置8.Cursescomehometoroost.

害人害己9.Abadconscienceisasnakeinone’sheart.

做贼心虚

20/34EnglishProverb10.Likecureslike.

以毒攻毒11.Intimeofpeaceprepareforwar.

居安思危12.Poormen’swordshavelittleweight.

人微言轻13.Creepbeforeyouwalk.

循序渐进14.Thereismanyaslipbetweencupandthelip.

没有绝对把握事。//事情经常节外生枝。

21/34EnglishProverb15.Absencemakestheheartgrowfonder.

久别胜新婚。16.Thetailormakestheman.

人靠衣装，佛靠金装。17.Morehandsmakelightwork.

众人拾柴火焰高。18.Carekillsacat.

忧能伤身。19.Emptyvesselsmakethemostnoise.

无知人爱自吹。22/34EnglishProverb20.Youcan’tmakecrabwalkstraight.

江山易改，本性难移。21.Agoodconscienceisasoftpillow.

不做亏心事，不怕鬼敲门。22.Awordspokenispastrecalling.

君子一言，驷马难追。23.Whatyouloseontheswingsyougetbackontheroundabouts.

失之东隅，收之桑榆。24.Greatoaksfromlittleacornsgrow.

千里之行，始于足下。23/34FalsefriendBreakalegLiteralmeaning:Icommandyoutobreakaboneinyourlegandyoushouldprobablygotothedoctorafterwardstogetitfixed.Idiomaticmeaning:Doyourbestanddowell.Often,actorstelleachotherto“breakaleg”beforetheygooutonstagetoperform.24/341能够直译成语中国文学和政论作品中大量使用了一些非常形象比喻成语。其比喻本体和喻体有着很强关联性。其中一些与英语说法没有很大文化差异和障碍。这类成语能够字面直译。25/34引狼入室直译：tobringthewolvesintothehouse/fold(羊圈)意译：toinvitedisasters“……是些什么人呢？干这引狼入室勾当！”“…Whoevertheyare,theyarelettingthewolfintothefold!”26/34如坐针毡直译：tofeelasifsittingonacushionfilledwithneedles意译：tofeelterriblyuneasy套译：onpinsandneedles

且说林冲在柴大官人东庄上，听得这话，如坐针毡。LinChong,however,wasintheeastvillageoftheLordChaiandwhenheheardallthetalkofhim,itwasasthoughhesatonacushionfilledwithneedles.27/34调虎离山直译：tolurethetigeroutofthehills意译：toluretheenemyfromhisbase“……我中了他调虎离山计啦！”“…I’vefallenforhisluringthetigeroutofthehillsscheme!”28/34StoriesofidiomsGivealickandapromise敷衍搪塞英国民间传说。最少两个世纪以前有一只猫，它脸经常脏很，每当别猫要它洗脸时，它就用舌头很快添一下，然后说确保下次一定添洁净，但实际上总是敷衍了事。如：youdidn’twashyour