2021年10月自考00830现代语言学试题及答案含解析

现代语言学年月真题

00830202110

1、【单选题】Thedistinctionbetweenlangueandparolewasmadeby______early

ofthe20thcentury.

Chomsky

Hockett

A:

Saussure

B:

Sapir

C:

答D:案：C

2、【单选题】Whenthevocalcordsaredrawnwideapart,lettingairgothrough

withoutcausingvibration,thesoundsproducedinsuchaconditionarevoiceless.

OfthefollowingconsonantsinEnglish,______isvoiceless.

[f]

[d]

A:

[g]

B:

[n]

C:

答D:案：A

3、【单选题】Intermsofmorphemicanalysis,______canbeviewedasthe

additionofaffixestostemstoformnewwords,and______thecombinationoftwo

orsometimesmorethantwowordstocreatenewwords.

compounding...derivation

pounding

A:

back-formation...blending

B:

coinage...clipping

C:

答D:案：B

4、【单选题】A______sentencecontainstwo,ormore,clauses,oneofwhichis

incorporatedintotheother.

simple

complex

A:

compound

B:

coordinate

C:

D:

答案：B

5、【单选题】Thesenserelationbetween“furniture”and“desk”is______.

synonymy

antonymy

A:

homonymy

B:

hyponymy

C:

答D:案：D

6、【单选题】Speechacttheoryisanimportanttheoryinthe______studyof

language.

lexical

semantic

A:

pragmatic

B:

syntactic

C:

答D:案：C

7、【单选题】Theword"radar”iscreatedbythewordformationruleof

______,whichmeanscombiningtheinitialsofanumberofwords.

clipping

acronym

A:

abbreviation

B:

compounding

C:

答D:案：B

8、【单选题】Englishhasbecomea(n)______forinternationalscientific

journalsandinternationalscientificmeetings,acommonmeansofcommunicationby

whichscientificresultsarepresented.

standardlanguage

linguafranca

A:

officiallanguage

B:

vernacularlanguage

C:

答D:案：B

9、【单选题】BothBroca'sandWernike'sworkindicatedthatthelefthemisphere

structuresareessentialfor______.

hearing

A:

writing

speech

B:

intelligence

C:

答D:案：C

10、【单选题】Afterprelinguisticcooing,thenormalrouteoflanguage

developmentforchildrenfollowstheorderof______stages.

one-word,babbling,two-wordandmultiword

one-word,two-word,babblingandmultiword

A:

one-word,two-word,multiwordandbabbling

B:

babbling,one-word,two-wordandmultiword

C:

答D:案：D

11、【判断题】ThedistinctionbetweencompetenceandperformancewasmadebyN.

Chomskyinthelate1950's.

正确

错误

A:

答B:案：A

解析：T

12、【判断题】AllvowelsinEnglisharevoiced.

正确

错误

A:

答B:案：A

解析：T

13、【判断题】Themorpheme“mate”intheword“classmate”isabound

morpheme.

正确

错误

A:

答B:案：B

解析：FThemorpheme"mate"intheword"classmate"isafreemorpheme.

14、【判断题】ThewidelyrecognizedandhighlyabstractX-barschemaiscapable

ofreducingtheredundanciesofindividualphrasalstructurerulesandmaywell

capturecertainbasicpropertiessharedbyallphrasalcategoriesacrossthe

languagesoftheworld.

正确

错误

A:

答B:案：A

解析：T

15、【判断题】Componentialanalysisisawaytoanalyzesentencemeaning.

正确

错误

A:

答B:案：B

解析：FComponentialanalysisisawaytoanalyzelexicalmeaning.Or

Predicationanalysisisawaytoanalyzesentencemeaning.

16、【判断题】Ofthethreespeechacts,linguistsaremostinterestedinthe

illocutionaryact.

正确

错误

A:

答B:案：A

解析：T

17、【判断题】TheNormanConquestmarkedthedawningoftheMiddleEnglish

period.

正确

错误

A:

答B:案：A

解析：T

18、【判断题】Alldialectsofalanguageareequallyeffectiveinexpressing

ideas.

正确

A:

错误

答B:案：A

解析：T

19、【判断题】Languageisalwaysanecessaryconditionforthought.

正确

错误

A:

答B:案：B

解析：FLanguageisnotalwaysanecessaryconditionforthought.

20、【判断题】Languageacquisitionisageneticallydeterminedcapacitythatall

normalhumanbeingsarebornwith.

正确

错误

A:

答B:案：A

解析：T【评分说明】T：判断正确2分。F：判断正确1分，错误纠正1分。

21、【问答题】“FromnowonIwillconsiderlanguagetobeaset(finiteor

infinite)ofsentences,eachfiniteinlengthandconstructedoutofafiniteset

ofelements.”Pleasecommentontheabovedefinitionoflanguage.

答案：（1）ThisdefinitionoflanguagewasproposedbyChomskyin1957．(2)

Itfocusesonthepurelystructuralpropertiesoflanguagesandsuggeststhat

thesepropertiescanbeinvestigatedfromamathematicallyprecisepointof

view．．But，(3)Itsaysnothingaboutthecommunicativefunctionofnatural

ornon-naturallanguagesand,（4）itsaysnothingaboutthesymbolicnature

oftheelementsoflanguage．【评分说明】举例合理，适当给分；解释意思相近，

酌情给分。

22、【问答题】Enumeratethreemajorcausesthatleadtothesystematic

occurrenceoferrorsinsecondlanguageacquisition.

答案：（1）Interferencefromthemothertongue：Mothertongueinterferenceis

foundatthelevelofpronunciation,morphology,syntax,vocabularyandmeaning,

andcanbepredictedbycontrastingthegrammaticalorothersystemsofthe

nativeandtargetlanguages，（2）Interlingualinterferencewithinthetarget

language：Interlingualinterference，orcross-association,occurswhenthe

learnermixesrulesandpatternsofthetargetlanguageandproducehybrid

structures．（3）Overgeneralization：Theuseofpreviouslyavailable

strategiesinnewsituations，i.e.theapplicationofaparticularpatternor

ruleofthetargetlanguageinmanyotherlinguisticsituations．

23、【填空题】Thereisnointrinsicconnectionbetweentheword“rose"andthe

flowerthatsmellssweet,whichshowsthedesignfeatureofa______ofhuman

language.

答案：arbitrariness

24、【填空题】Astwoallophonesofthesamephoneme/p/,[p]and[p'],whichoccur

indifferentphoneticenvironments,aresaidtobeinc______distribution.

答案：complementary

25、【填空题】Words,suchaswater,go,book,tree,whichcontainonlyone

morpheme,arecalledf______morphemes.

答案：free

26、【填空题】Asentenceisconsideredgrammaticalwhenitconformstothe

grammaticalknowledgeinthemindofn______speakers.

答案：native

27、【填空题】Contextualismisbasedonthepresumptionthatonecanderive

meaningfromorreducemeaningtoobservablec______.

答案：contexts

28、【填空题】Semanticsandp______arebothlinguisticstudiesofmeaning.

答案：pragmatics

29、【填空题】Historicallinguisticsisthesubfieldoflinguisticsthatstudies

1______changes.

答案：language

30、【填空题】Aformofd______existsinmostArabic-speakingcountrieswhere

thehighvarietyisusedinlectures,religiousspeechesandformalpolitical

speeches,whilethelowvarietyisthelocaldialectofcolloquialArabic.

答案：diglossia

31、【填空题】Languagefunctionsarebelievedtobelateralizedinthe1______

hemisphereofthebrain.

答案：left

32、【填空题】Itisestimatedthatduringthefirsttwoyears,achildhasa

verylimitedv______rangingfrom50to100words.

答案：vocabulary

33、【名词解释】culturaltransmission

答案：Culturaltransmissionreferstothedetailsofanylanguagesystemare

notgeneticallytransmitted,butinsteadhavetobetaughtandlearned.

34、【名词解释】phonetics

答案：Phoneticsisthestudyofthephonicmediumoflanguage；itis

concernedwithallthesoundsthatoccurintheworld'slanguages.

35、【名词解释】suffixes

答案：Suffixesaremorphemesaddedtotheendofstemsmodifyingthemeaning

oftheoriginalwordandinmanycaseschangingitspartofspeech.

36、【名词解释】parameters

答案：ParametersaresyntacticoptionsofUGthatallowgeneralprinciples

tooperateinonewayoranotherandcontributetosignificant

linguisticvariationsbetweenandamongnaturallanguages.

37、【名词解释】reference

答案：Referencemeanswhatalinguisticformreferstointhereal,physical

world:itdealswiththerelationshipbetweenthelinguisticelementandthe

non-linguisticworldofexperience.

38、【名词解释】CooperativePrin