2020年10月自考00830现代语言学试题及答案含解析

现代语言学年月真题

00830202010

1、【单选题】Thefamousquotation“Arosebyanyothernamewouldsmellas

sweet"wellillustratesthe______natureoflanguage.

systematic

arbitrary

A:

vocal

B:

human-specific

C:

答D:案：B

解析：语言是任意的，因为“笔”这个词和我们用来写字的东西之间没有内在的联系。文

字只是符号；按照惯例，它们与对象、动作等相关联。(莎士比亚的戏剧《罗密欧与朱丽

叶》中的一句名言很好地说明了语言的这种传统本质：“玫瑰叫什么名字都一样香。”)

2、【单选题】Acousticphoneticianstrytodescribethe______propertiesofthe

streamofsoundswhichaspeakerissues.

physical

psychological

A:

biological

B:

phonological

C:

答D:案：A

解析：语音学三大分支：发音语音学是对语音产生的研究；声学语音学研究语音的物理性

质；听觉语音学研究如何被听者感知的声音。

3、【单选题】Thesmallestmeaningfulunitoflanguageiscalled______.

morpheme

phoneme

A:

phone

B:

allophone

C:

答D:案：A

解析：语言中最小的、有意义的单位被称为语素

4、【单选题】Wordsandphrasesareorganizedaccordingtothe______categories

theybelongto.

phonetic

phonological

A:

syntactic

B:

semantic

C:

答D:案：C

解析：单词和短语是根据它们所属的句法类别来组织的。

5、【单选题】Ofthefollowingfourpairsofwords,______aresynonyms.

furnitureandtable

seaandsee

A:

maleandfemale

B:

escapeandflee

C:

答D:案：D

解析：同义词是指意义相同或非常相似。意思相近的词叫做同义词。

6、【单选题】SpeechacttheorywasoriginatedwiththeBritishphilosopher

______inthelate50'softhe20thcentury.

JohnAustin

JohnSearle

A:

JohnFirth

B:

PaulGrice

C:

答D:案：A

解析：言语行为理论它起源于20世纪50年代末的英国哲学家约翰·奥斯汀。它是对语言

交际本质的一种哲学解释。它旨在回答这样一个问题:“当我们使用语言时，我们在做什

么?”

7、【单选题】Theword"smog"enteredtheEnglishviaawordformationrule

called______.

compounding

blending

A:

derivation

B:

coinage

C:

答D:案：B

解析：混合是将单词的各个部分组合成新词的过程。比如，雾霾，早午餐。

8、【单选题】Fromalinguisticpointofview,BlackEnglishisNOTa(n)______

dialectofAmericanEnglish.

ethnic

social

A:

nonstandard

B:

regional

C:

答D:案：C

解析：黑人英语主要由美国非中产阶级黑人使用。从语言学的角度来看，像黑人英语这样

的种族语言变种只是美国英语（SAE）的一种非标准方言

9、【单选题】Ofthefollowinginfluentialfigures,______believedthatlanguage

andthoughtwereidentical.

Plato

Aristotle

A:

Sapir

B:

Whorf

C:

答D:案：A

解析：从柏拉图时代起，关于语言与思想关系的假设成为语言心理学研究的假说。柏拉图

认为，思想是灵魂与自己的话语。换句话说，思想和语言是相同的。这一观点受到了亚里

士多德的挑战，他认为人类不可能拥有相同的语言，而语言不过是心理经历的标志。

10、【单选题】ItwashypothesizedthatL2errorswerepredominantlytheresult

ofnegativetransfer,ormothertongueinterference.Thishypothesisisbasedon

______inSLA.

ContrastiveAnalysis

ErrorAnalysis

A:

interlanguage

B:

fossilization

C:

答D:案：A

解析：对比分析的发展是为了识别和预测学习困难的领域。鉴于这种方法，假设二语错误

主要是负迁移或母语干扰的结果，第二语言学习被认为是克服母语和二语系统之间差异的

问题。

11、【判断题】Languageisarbitrarybynature,butitisnotentirelyarbitrary.

正确

错误

A:

答B:案：A

解析：T。

12、【判断题】Insteadofinlegal,thenegativeformoflegal,weallknow,is

illegal,asthe[n]soundisassimilatedto[1].

正确

错误

A:

答B:案：B

解析：F。改正：Insteadofinlegal,thenegativeformoflegal,weallknow,is

illegal,asthe[n]soundisassimilatedto[m].

13、【判断题】AllinflectionalmorphemesinModernEnglishoccurattheendofa

word.

正确

错误

A:

答B:案：A

解析：T。

14、【判断题】Theapplicationofsyntacticmovementrulestransformsasentence

fromthelevelofS-structuretothatofD-structure.

正确

错误

A:

答B:案：B

解析：F。改正：theapplicationofsyntacticmovementrulestransformsa

sentencefromthelevelofD-structuretothatofS-structure.

15、【判断题】Themeaningofasentenceisthesumtotalofthemeaningsofall

itscomponents.

正确

A:

错误

答B:案：B

解析：F。改正：themeaningofasentenceisnotthesumtotalofthemeanings

ofallitscomponents,thatis,themeaningofasentenceisnottobeworked

outbyaddingupallthemeaningsofitsconstituentwords.

16、【判断题】Semanticstakesthecontextofuseintoconsiderationinthestudy

ofmeaning.

正确

错误

A:

答B:案：B

解析：F。改正：pragmaticstakesthecontextofuseintoconsiderationinthe

studyofmeaning.

17、【判断题】Semanticnarrowingreferstotheprocessinwhichthemeaningofa

wordbecomesmoregeneralorinclusivethanitshistoricallyearliermeaning.

正确

错误

A:

答B:案：B

解析：F。改正:Semanticbroadeningreferstotheprocessinwhichthemeaningof

awordbecomesmoregeneralorinclusivethanitshistoricallyearliermeaning.

18、【判断题】Canadaisatypicalexampleofofficialdiaglossia,whereboth

FrenchandEnglisharerecognizedofficiallanguages.

正确

错误

A:

答B:案：A

解析：T。

19、【判断题】Broca'sareaiscrucialformatchingofaspokenformwitha

perceivedobject,forthenamingofobjects,andforthecomprehensionofwritten

language.

正确

A:

错误

答B:案：B

解析：F改正：Theangulargyrusiscrucialforthematchingofaspokenform

withaperceivedobject,forthenamingofobjects,andforthecomprehension

ofwrittenlanguage.

20、【判断题】Theoptimumageforsecondlanguageacquisitionisearlyteenage.

正确

错误

A:

答B:案：A

解析：T

21、【问答题】Howdoesthelocationofstressdistinguishacompoundnounfroma

phraseconsistingofthesameelements?Youcanexplainwithexamples.

答案：i.SemanticfeaturesWhentwoormorefreemorphemesarecombinedinto

acompound,anewmeaningarise,whichisinmostcasesnolongerasimple

combinationofthemeaningsofthecomponentelements.E.g.agreenhouse,a

darkhorseii.OrthographicfeaturesMostcompoundwordsareeither

hyphenatedorcompletedjoined,likeday-care,grasshopper.Butthisisnotan

exclusivepractice,forsomecompoundwordsarealwayswrittenseparately,like

dayschool,sportscar,Sundaybestiii.Thestressofacompoundusually

fallsonthefirstconstituentmorpheme.Compare:Compound:'greenhouse,

'blackboardFreenounphrase:green'house,black'boardiv.Grammatical

featuresCompoundwordshavetheirowngrammaticalfeatures.Theyhave

specialinternalstructures,whicharenormallyunacceptableinfreephrases,

e.g.v.+n.→n.:cut-throat,breakwatern.+-ed→adj.:homemade,book-

learnedadj.+-ed→adj.:newborn,deep-laidV.Compoundshavespecial

morphologicalfeatures.Theiradjectivesconstituentsnormallydonottakethe

comparativeandsuperlativeforms.finearts-finerarts-finestarts

loudspeaker-louderspeaker

22、【问答题】Whataretheprocessesinsemanticchange?

答案：Therearepresentmainlythreeprocessesofsemanticchange:

semanticbroadening,semanticnarrowing,semanticshift.Semanticbroadening

referstotheprocessinwhichthemeaningofawordbecomesmoregeneralor

inclusivethanitshistoricallyearlierdenotation.Anexampleofsemantic

broadeningisthemodernuseoftheword“dog”.Itsmeaningwasbroadenedto

encompassallbreedsofcanineanimals.Semanticnarrowingisthereverse

processinwhichthemeaningofawordbecomeslessgeneralorinclusivethan

itshistoricallyearliermeaning.Forexample,theword“deer”wasused

earliertorefertoanyanimal,butitsmodernreferencehasbeennarroweddown

toonlyaspecificspecificspecies.Semanticshiftisaprocessofsemantic

changeinwhichawordlosesitsformermeaningandacquiresanew,sometimes

related,meaning.

23、【填空题】Thedistinctionbetweenlangueandp______wasmadebytheSwiss

linguistF.de

答案：parole。

24、【填空题】Thelocationofs______inanEnglishworddistinguishesmeaning.

Ashiftofitmaychangethepartofspeechofawordfromanountoaverb

althoughitsspellingremainsunchanged.

答案：stress。

25、【填空题】Boundmorphemesincludetwotypes:r______andaffixes.

答案：roots。

26、【填空题】AccordingtotheX-bartheory,theword“girl”inthenoun

phrase"thelittlegirlinred"istheh______.

答案：head。

27、【填空题】Thephenomenonthatwordshavingdifferentmeaningshavethesame

formiscalledh______.

答案：Homonymy

28、【填空题】TherearefourmaximsundertheC______Principle.

答案：Cooperative

29、【填空题】Theword“holiday"wasoriginallyusedtomeanadayof

religioussignificance,buttodayitmeansanydayoffwork.Thisisanexample

ofsemanticb______.

答案：broadening

30、【填空题】I______isapersonaldialectproducedwithintheoverallsystem

ofaparticularlanguagewhenanindividualspeaks.

答案：idiolect

31、【填空题】Theacquisitionofthef______languagecoincideswiththeperiod

ofbrainlateralization.

答案：first

32、【填空题】D______listeningtestsinvolvesimultaneouslypresenting,through

earphones,twodifferentauditorysignals,onetotherightearandtheotherto

theleftear.

答案：Dichotic

33、【名词解释】culturaltransmission

答案：Languageisculturallytransmitted.Itispassedonfromonegeneration

tothenextthroughteachingandlearning,ratherthanbyinstinct.

34、【名词解释】articulatoryphonetics

答案：Articulatoryphoneticsisthestudyoftheproductionofspeechsounds.

35、【名词解释】derivation

答案：Derivationreferstotheprocessbywhichnewwordsareformedbythe

additionofaffixestotheroots,stems,orwords.Forexample,

qualification,finalize.

36、【名词解释】adjacencycondition

答案：Adjacencycondition-Itisaprincipleofgeneralprinciplesof

UniversalGrammarwhichstatesthataCaseassignorandaCaserecipientshould

stayadjacenttoeachotherandexplainswhynootherphrasalcategory

canintervenebetweenaverbanditsdirectobject.

37、【名词解释】selectionalrestrictions

答案：Thenwhetherasentenceissemanticallymeaningfulisgovernedbyrules

calledselectionalrestrictions,i.e.,constraintsonwhatlexicalitemscango

withwhatothers.Somesentencesmaybegrammaticallywell-formed,i.e.,

theycomplyperfectlywiththegrammarrulesofthelanguage,yettheymaynot

besemanticallymeaningful.

38、【名词解释】context

答案：Thenotionofcontextisgenerallyconsideredasconstitutedbythe

knowledgesharedbythespeakerandthehearer.Thesharedknowledgeisoftwo

types:theknowledgeofthelanguagetheyuse,andtheknowledgeaboutthe

world,includingthegeneralknowledgeabouttheworldandthespecific

knowledgeabout